Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114826
G. Petrelli, S. Nuzzo, T. Zou, D. Barater, G. Franceschini, C. Gerada
Electric motors are increasingly spreading in the automotive sector, following the progressive electrification of transportation aimed to reduce CO2 emissions and increase sustainability. Most of the employed motors are permanent magnets (PM) based and these materials are subjected to price fluctuations. In addition, they are not the key for sustainability, especially when referring to rare earth materials. An alternative to the classic PM motors is the wound field synchronous machine (WFSM) which, thanks to the absence of magnets, represents an inherent more sustainable solution. In addition, this machine presents higher controllability and fault tolerance compared to their PM counterpart, which on the other hand features higher torque density and efficiency values. While WFSMs have been widely adopted and studied as power generators in grid-connected and isolated power plants, their use as traction motors is limited and under investigation. This paper aims to resume the state of the art of WFSMs and to analyze the challenges of its employability in the automotive field. Possible future developments, contextualized considering the authors' vision, will be also discussed.
{"title":"Review and Future Developments of Wound Field Synchronous Motors in Automotive","authors":"G. Petrelli, S. Nuzzo, T. Zou, D. Barater, G. Franceschini, C. Gerada","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114826","url":null,"abstract":"Electric motors are increasingly spreading in the automotive sector, following the progressive electrification of transportation aimed to reduce CO2 emissions and increase sustainability. Most of the employed motors are permanent magnets (PM) based and these materials are subjected to price fluctuations. In addition, they are not the key for sustainability, especially when referring to rare earth materials. An alternative to the classic PM motors is the wound field synchronous machine (WFSM) which, thanks to the absence of magnets, represents an inherent more sustainable solution. In addition, this machine presents higher controllability and fault tolerance compared to their PM counterpart, which on the other hand features higher torque density and efficiency values. While WFSMs have been widely adopted and studied as power generators in grid-connected and isolated power plants, their use as traction motors is limited and under investigation. This paper aims to resume the state of the art of WFSMs and to analyze the challenges of its employability in the automotive field. Possible future developments, contextualized considering the authors' vision, will be also discussed.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76365179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114808
A. Panagopoulou, Michele Paolino, D. Raho
Recently, FPGA accelerators have risen in popularity as they present a suitable way of satisfying the high-computation and low-power demands of real time applications. The modern electric transportation systems (such as aircraft, road vehicles) can greatly profit from embedded FPGAs, which incorporate both high-performance and flexibility features into a single SoC. At the same time, the virtualization of FPGA resources aims to reinforce these systems with strong isolation, consolidation and security. In this context, we present a novel virtualization framework aimed for SoC-attached FPGA devices, in a Linux and Qemu/KVM setup. The solution uses Virtio as a means to enable the configuration of FPGA resources from guest systems in an efficient way. Also, it employs the Linux VFIO and Device Tree Overlays technologies in order to render the FPGA resources dynamically accessible to guest systems. The ability to dynamically configure and utilize the FPGA resources from a virtualization environment is described in details. The evaluation procedure of the solution is presented and the virtualization overhead is benchmarked to show that performance degradation is minimal (around 10%) when accessing the FPGA devices from guest systems.
{"title":"Virtio-FPGA: a virtualization solution for SoC-attached FPGAs","authors":"A. Panagopoulou, Michele Paolino, D. Raho","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114808","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, FPGA accelerators have risen in popularity as they present a suitable way of satisfying the high-computation and low-power demands of real time applications. The modern electric transportation systems (such as aircraft, road vehicles) can greatly profit from embedded FPGAs, which incorporate both high-performance and flexibility features into a single SoC. At the same time, the virtualization of FPGA resources aims to reinforce these systems with strong isolation, consolidation and security. In this context, we present a novel virtualization framework aimed for SoC-attached FPGA devices, in a Linux and Qemu/KVM setup. The solution uses Virtio as a means to enable the configuration of FPGA resources from guest systems in an efficient way. Also, it employs the Linux VFIO and Device Tree Overlays technologies in order to render the FPGA resources dynamically accessible to guest systems. The ability to dynamically configure and utilize the FPGA resources from a virtualization environment is described in details. The evaluation procedure of the solution is presented and the virtualization overhead is benchmarked to show that performance degradation is minimal (around 10%) when accessing the FPGA devices from guest systems.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82113485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114834
Maxime Juston, B. Vulturescu, Andre-Philippe Chamaret
For limited energy train such as battery train, the sizing of the infrastructure becomes a new challenge especially for a partial electrification today. The sizing of those partial electrification is made based on a worst-case scenario energetically wise. In this paper this sizing is challenged by using a statistical tool to analyze 2 years of circulation data to build a statistical scenario that covers 95% of the energy expenses. Implication on the sizing of an electrification on a real line, and the cost associated is showed. This real case gives insight on how an optimized electrification can imply large changes in terms of costs, work and for a controlled trade-off.
{"title":"A statistical approach for the optimal sizing of partial electrification for battery trains","authors":"Maxime Juston, B. Vulturescu, Andre-Philippe Chamaret","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114834","url":null,"abstract":"For limited energy train such as battery train, the sizing of the infrastructure becomes a new challenge especially for a partial electrification today. The sizing of those partial electrification is made based on a worst-case scenario energetically wise. In this paper this sizing is challenged by using a statistical tool to analyze 2 years of circulation data to build a statistical scenario that covers 95% of the energy expenses. Implication on the sizing of an electrification on a real line, and the cost associated is showed. This real case gives insight on how an optimized electrification can imply large changes in terms of costs, work and for a controlled trade-off.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80660621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114879
M. Olivo, A. Tessarolo, L. D. Carli, Riccardo Pozzo
The advantages of using PM-assisted synchronous reluctance motors as traction devices for electric forklift vehicles are investigated in this paper. Motor energy consumption and drive overall performance are analytically estimated through a simulation of a standard VDI-based driving cycle and compared with the corresponding results from a reference system driven using induction motors.
{"title":"Benefits of Selecting PMASR Machines as Traction Motors in Battery Electric Forklift Trucks","authors":"M. Olivo, A. Tessarolo, L. D. Carli, Riccardo Pozzo","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114879","url":null,"abstract":"The advantages of using PM-assisted synchronous reluctance motors as traction devices for electric forklift vehicles are investigated in this paper. Motor energy consumption and drive overall performance are analytically estimated through a simulation of a standard VDI-based driving cycle and compared with the corresponding results from a reference system driven using induction motors.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"80 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84098372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114905
L. Fauth, J. Friebe
Radiation induced failures of power semiconduc-tors are one of the largest challenges in realizing all-electric aircraft. Both the high flight altitude and the large total chip area resulting from the high power requirements will massively increase the failure rate compared to ground applications of power electronics systems. This paper gives an overview on the mechanism of radiation-induced failures and illustrates the effect of different mission profiles on the failure rate.
{"title":"Overview on the Effects of Mission Profiles on Radiation Induced Failures in All-Electric Aircraft","authors":"L. Fauth, J. Friebe","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114905","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation induced failures of power semiconduc-tors are one of the largest challenges in realizing all-electric aircraft. Both the high flight altitude and the large total chip area resulting from the high power requirements will massively increase the failure rate compared to ground applications of power electronics systems. This paper gives an overview on the mechanism of radiation-induced failures and illustrates the effect of different mission profiles on the failure rate.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87407100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114877
L. Bongini, R. Mastromauro
Sub-Synchronous Torsional Interactions (SSTIs) characterize all the power systems with joint presence of rotating machinery and power converters. In this paper a ship equipped with gas turbines is considered as case study. It is investigated the possibility to avoid torsional instability thanks to the employment of Resonant controllers in the control system of the power conversion stage. Successful results are verified also in critical operation conditions. Black-outs can be prevented acting on the control loop and without the addition of redundant turbine-generator units in the network.
{"title":"Resonant Controllers to Achieve Torsional Stability: a Ship Case Study","authors":"L. Bongini, R. Mastromauro","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114877","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-Synchronous Torsional Interactions (SSTIs) characterize all the power systems with joint presence of rotating machinery and power converters. In this paper a ship equipped with gas turbines is considered as case study. It is investigated the possibility to avoid torsional instability thanks to the employment of Resonant controllers in the control system of the power conversion stage. Successful results are verified also in critical operation conditions. Black-outs can be prevented acting on the control loop and without the addition of redundant turbine-generator units in the network.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90027046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114893
Jesús Araúz, S. Martinez
The participation on non-conventional generators imposes new challenges to power systems operation. Generators and consumers can participate on the provision of ancillary services. In literature, the role of consumers, by means of “demand response”, is not as developed as non-conventional generators contributions. This work explores the contribution of railway systems, a world-wide expanding load, to primary frequency control of power systems with high share of photovoltaic generation. The thermal inertia of trains is used to provide frequency control from onboard heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The benefits of combining HVAC systems demand response and photovoltaic generators are assessed. In addition, the new concept of relieving non-conventional generation from frequency control tasks is introduced. To validate the approach, a multi-scenario case study is carried out. Results show the capability of using train HVAC systems to provide frequency control and to cooperate with the frequency control provision by photovoltaic generation.
{"title":"Using the Thermal Inertia of Trains for Contributing to Primary Frequency Control in Grids With Photovoltaic Generation","authors":"Jesús Araúz, S. Martinez","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114893","url":null,"abstract":"The participation on non-conventional generators imposes new challenges to power systems operation. Generators and consumers can participate on the provision of ancillary services. In literature, the role of consumers, by means of “demand response”, is not as developed as non-conventional generators contributions. This work explores the contribution of railway systems, a world-wide expanding load, to primary frequency control of power systems with high share of photovoltaic generation. The thermal inertia of trains is used to provide frequency control from onboard heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The benefits of combining HVAC systems demand response and photovoltaic generators are assessed. In addition, the new concept of relieving non-conventional generation from frequency control tasks is introduced. To validate the approach, a multi-scenario case study is carried out. Results show the capability of using train HVAC systems to provide frequency control and to cooperate with the frequency control provision by photovoltaic generation.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80960018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114850
Manish Sharma, D. Kiran
The successful roll-out of electric vehicles (EVs) in the market requires adequate charging infrastructure to mitigate concerns regarding their range and long charging delays. With this motivation, a business model is proposed in this paper for the modelling of multi-battery swapping stations for EVs with some strategic discounts. The proposed model generates profits for their owners while providing an efficient alternative to charging EV batteries. This model also utilizes solar energy for charging these batteries, with the provision to supply excess power back to the grid. The proposed model considers two different types of batteries along with discounts during solar peak hours. The results show its feasibility and effectiveness in providing the required services.
{"title":"Multi-Battery Swapping Station Modelling for EVs With Strategic Discounting and Solar Energy","authors":"Manish Sharma, D. Kiran","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114850","url":null,"abstract":"The successful roll-out of electric vehicles (EVs) in the market requires adequate charging infrastructure to mitigate concerns regarding their range and long charging delays. With this motivation, a business model is proposed in this paper for the modelling of multi-battery swapping stations for EVs with some strategic discounts. The proposed model generates profits for their owners while providing an efficient alternative to charging EV batteries. This model also utilizes solar energy for charging these batteries, with the provision to supply excess power back to the grid. The proposed model considers two different types of batteries along with discounts during solar peak hours. The results show its feasibility and effectiveness in providing the required services.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"338 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82952047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114894
Hüseyin Sagirkaya
Electrical power system generates, regulates and distributes electrical power throughout the A/C. Aircraft electrical system includes power generation and power distribution system. Distribution of aircraft has contactors, which are located in the plates outside of the power distribution system, to provide control of the system. It is the main system energizing all the equipment on the aircraft. Verification of the system on the laboratory is a critical testing activity to achieve a safe system design. Functional checks, performance and compatibility with the related standards are needed to be tested before aircraft ground and flight tests.
{"title":"Design and Verification of Aircraft Electrical Power System","authors":"Hüseyin Sagirkaya","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114894","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical power system generates, regulates and distributes electrical power throughout the A/C. Aircraft electrical system includes power generation and power distribution system. Distribution of aircraft has contactors, which are located in the plates outside of the power distribution system, to provide control of the system. It is the main system energizing all the equipment on the aircraft. Verification of the system on the laboratory is a critical testing activity to achieve a safe system design. Functional checks, performance and compatibility with the related standards are needed to be tested before aircraft ground and flight tests.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"76 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83225810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114887
M. Altosole, F. Balsamo, A. Bove, U. Campora, Nunziante Ianniello, Luigi Vitiello
The paper provides an overview of current marine hybrid propulsion drive solutions, focusing on a particular device for engaging and disengaging the electric motor or diesel engine on the same propeller shaft line. The coupling system is controlled by an overrunning clutch (freewheel type) with ball bearings, allowing a fast change in diesel or electric propulsion mode during sailing. Moreover, it does not require any electronics, limiting maintenance to occasional oil changes. In the examined case study the freewheel working principle is applied to the hybrid propulsion of a pleasure craft, achieving a more compact and lower cost powertrain.
{"title":"Progress in Marine Hybrid Propulsion Drive Systems","authors":"M. Altosole, F. Balsamo, A. Bove, U. Campora, Nunziante Ianniello, Luigi Vitiello","doi":"10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS-ITEC57127.2023.10114887","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides an overview of current marine hybrid propulsion drive solutions, focusing on a particular device for engaging and disengaging the electric motor or diesel engine on the same propeller shaft line. The coupling system is controlled by an overrunning clutch (freewheel type) with ball bearings, allowing a fast change in diesel or electric propulsion mode during sailing. Moreover, it does not require any electronics, limiting maintenance to occasional oil changes. In the examined case study the freewheel working principle is applied to the hybrid propulsion of a pleasure craft, achieving a more compact and lower cost powertrain.","PeriodicalId":38493,"journal":{"name":"AUS","volume":"327 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83242435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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