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Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering最新文献

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Calculation of Optimal Length for Skyline 天际线最佳长度的计算
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.6
I. Rudko, B. Bakay, L. Bont, Y. Romasevych, S. Horzov
As important for the design of cable logging systems both theoretically and practically, the optimization problem regarding the optimal length of the skyline was determined. In the process of modeling the shape of the sagging curve of the holding cable, the objective function is constructed in the form of a transcendental equation, whose roots are determined by iterative and graphical-analytical methods. A numerical analysis of the problem is carried out. To calculate the optimal length of the skyline, a software algorithm, an engineering formula, and nomograms are proposed.
确定了最优天际线长度的优化问题,对电缆测井系统的设计具有重要的理论意义和实际意义。在对持索下垂曲线形状进行建模的过程中,目标函数以超越方程的形式构造,通过迭代法和图形解析法确定其根。对该问题进行了数值分析。为了计算天际线的最佳长度,提出了一种软件算法、工程公式和线图。
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引用次数: 0
Wooden Mosques (Candi/Canti Mosques) from Anatolia’s Black Sea Region 来自安纳托利亚黑海地区的木制清真寺(Candi/Canti清真寺)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.8
A. Erarslan
Wood has been used in Turkish architecture, not only in houses and warehouse structures but also intensively in the building of mosques. The mosques of the times were built in the wood masonry system and were especially abundant in regions of Anatolia that we're blessed with generous forests. The Black Sea Region particularly abounds with wooden mosques. Known as çantı mosques, these structures represent the region’s cultural wealth. The aim of this article is to describe the mosques built in the “wooden masonry system” (çantı), a group of buildings that together signify a special group of mosques in Anatolian architecture, referring to examples of these types of mosques located in the region of the Black Sea. The features of the plans, construction systems, materials, and ornamentation of these structures will be detailed in an effort to document the identity of this collective cultural legacy and as a contribution to the literature for posterity.
土耳其建筑不仅在房屋和仓库结构中使用木材,而且在清真寺的建筑中也大量使用木材。当时的清真寺是用木头砌筑的,在安纳托利亚地区尤其多,我们有幸拥有茂密的森林。黑海地区尤其有许多木制清真寺。这些建筑被称为安东清真寺,代表了该地区的文化财富。本文的目的是描述建造在“木质砖石系统”(antir)中的清真寺,这是一组建筑,在安纳托利亚建筑中象征着一组特殊的清真寺,参考了位于黑海地区的这些类型的清真寺的例子。这些建筑的规划、建筑系统、材料和装饰的特点将被详细描述,以记录这一集体文化遗产的身份,并为子孙后代的文学做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Knowledge and Attitude of Using Personal Protective Equipment among Rubber Farmers in Southern Thailand 泰国南部橡胶农个人防护装备使用知识和态度的评价
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.9
J. Kittijaruwattana, S. Hua Lee, A. Chotikhun
The objects of this study were to assess the knowledge and attitude toward using personal protective equipment (PPE) among 307 farmers who own rubber wood plantation in Southern Thailand. The data were collected by using questionnaires and then the descriptive statistics were analyzed using the SPSS program. The results showed that 187 farmers were male (60.9%) and 105 farmers (34.2%) were 41-50 years old. 120 farmers (36.5%) graduated from primary education. More than half of the farmers have an average monthly income lower than 500 U.S. dollars and 148 farmers (48.2%) handle rubber wood plantation of 1.61-3.20 hectares. The results concerning the farmers’ knowledge of PPE demonstrated that 222 farmers (73.31%, x ̅ = 86.05, S.D. = 15.13, P≤0.01) had a good level and most farmers know that long-sleeved shirts, pants, and wing caps can protect the body from scratches and exposure to sunlight. Indeed, 220 farmers (71.66%) showed a moderate attitude level of PPE use and farmers agreed that they do not need to cover their mouths and noses while fertilizing or spraying pesticides due to using a small amount of chemicals. However, the overall attitudes of the participants in using PPE is concerned with the fact that it can protect users from accidents, animals, mosquitoes, and insects. These results should enable the development of a PPE handbook for rubber farmers who need to serve their plantation following the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).
本研究旨在了解泰国南部地区307名橡胶林农户对个人防护装备(PPE)使用的知识和态度。采用问卷调查的方式收集数据,然后使用SPSS程序进行描述性统计分析。结果显示,男性农民187人(60.9%),41 ~ 50岁农民105人(34.2%)。120名农民(36.5%)小学毕业。超过一半的农民平均月收入低于500美元,148名农民(48.2%)经营1.61-3.20公顷的橡胶木种植园。结果显示,222名农民(73.31%,x′s = 86.05, S.D. = 15.13, P≤0.01)的PPE知识水平较好,大多数农民知道长袖衬衫、裤子和翼帽可以保护身体免受划伤和日晒。事实上,有220名农民(71.66%)对PPE的使用持中等态度,农民认为施肥或喷洒农药时不需要捂口鼻,因为使用的化学品较少。然而,参与者对使用个人防护装备的总体态度关注的是它可以保护用户免受事故、动物、蚊子和昆虫的伤害。这些结果将有助于为需要按照森林管理委员会(FSC)为其种植园提供服务的橡胶农编写个人防护装备手册。
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引用次数: 1
Classifying Operational Events in Cable Yarding by a Machine Learning Application to GNSS-Collected Data: A Case Study on Gravity-Assisted Downhill Yarding 基于gnss收集数据的机器学习对电缆分拣操作事件进行分类——以重力辅助下坡分拣为例
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.2
S. A. Borz, M. Cheţa, M. Bîrda, A. Proto
Cable yarding remains an important option in steep terrain timber harvesting, a reason for which new or improved operational efficiency models are required to support science and practice. Developed traditionally, these models are known to require many resources, a reason for which new approaches to the problem were researched lately, mainly by the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, and spatial and statistical inference systems. This study evaluates the possibility of using GNSS data and machine learning techniques to classify important cable yarding events in the time domain. Three classes were assumed by the study as being relevant for cable yarding operational setup, namely carriage moving in the uphill (MU) and downhill (MD) directions, as well as carriage stopped (S). Data collected by a consumer-grade GNSS unit was processed to extract some differential parameters which were coupled with GNSS motorial and geometric features to feed a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network with Back propagation (MLPNNB) in a pre-evaluation phase which aimed at mining the data structure as a strategy to develop the best MLPNNB configuration for training and testing. Leg distance, difference in elevation, speed of the carriage, and difference in heading were used together and interchangeably in this phase, based on logical assumptions. As a result of pre-evaluation, a MLPNNB using all these datasets was found to be the best scenario. Based on this outcome, the data was split into a training (70%) and a testing (30%) subset, then the MLPNNB was used to learn and generalize on these subsets. The main results indicate that the MLPNNB had an excellent performance, with a classification accuracy of 98.7, 98.4, and 98.8% in the pre-evaluation, training, and testing phases, respectively. Log-loss errors were also found to be very low (5, 5.9, and 4.1%, respectively), indicating a high generalization capability of the MLPNNB model. Based on the results, the main conclusion of the study is that original and derived GNSS data coupled with machine learning techniques could prove to be an important tool for operational monitoring and cable yarding efficiency model development, mainly due to the possibility of working with large amounts of data.
在陡峭地形的木材采伐中,电缆堆垛仍然是一种重要的选择,因此需要新的或改进的操作效率模型来支持科学和实践。传统上,这些模型需要很多资源,因此最近研究了解决这个问题的新方法,主要是利用全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)数据,以及空间和统计推断系统。本研究评估了使用GNSS数据和机器学习技术在时域对重要电缆分拣事件进行分类的可能性。本研究假设三个类别与电缆分拣操作设置相关,即在上坡(MU)和下坡(MD)方向上移动的车厢;在预评估阶段,对消费者级GNSS单元收集的数据进行处理,提取一些微分参数,并将其与GNSS运动和几何特征相结合,馈送给具有反向传播的多层感知器神经网络(MLPNNB),目的是挖掘数据结构,作为开发最佳MLPNNB配置的策略,用于训练和测试。在这一阶段,根据逻辑假设,腿距、仰角差、马车速度和航向差被一起使用,并且可以互换使用。作为预评估的结果,发现使用所有这些数据集的MLPNNB是最佳方案。基于此结果,将数据分成训练子集(70%)和测试子集(30%),然后使用MLPNNB在这些子集上进行学习和泛化。主要结果表明,MLPNNB在预评价、训练和测试阶段的分类准确率分别为98.7%、98.4%和98.8%,具有优异的分类性能。对数损失误差也非常低(分别为5.9%和4.1%),表明MLPNNB模型具有很高的泛化能力。基于结果,该研究的主要结论是,原始和衍生的GNSS数据与机器学习技术相结合,可以证明是运行监控和电缆分拣效率模型开发的重要工具,主要是因为可以处理大量数据。
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引用次数: 6
Mathematical Expression of Internode Characteristics of Yellow Ampel Bamboo (“Bambusa vulgaris” var. Striata) 黄竹节间特性的数学表达式(Bambusa vulgaris var. Striata)
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.4
B. Mulyana, R. Reorita
Most bamboo research has focused on growth performance, physic-chemical attributes, and biomass estimation. There are few studies on elaborating the biometrics of bamboo, especially in internodes mathematical expression. In this study, we revealed the mathematical expression of bamboo internode along the culm. We used 30 samples of culms and cut each culm by its internodes. A total of 928 sample internodes were measured for the outer diameter, wall thickness, and length of internodes. The findings showed that the mathematical expression for two-dimensional culm morphometric was a two and three-order function. In contrast, the three and four-dimensional culm morphometric were a four-order function. Moreover, the relationship between relative internode number (RIN) and relative internode length (RIL), and relative cumulated internode length (RCIL) showed a third-order function.
对竹子的研究主要集中在生长性能、理化特性和生物量估算上。对竹子的生物特征,尤其是节间的数学表达进行详细阐述的研究很少。在这项研究中,我们揭示了竹节间沿茎的数学表达式。我们使用了30个茎秆样本,每个茎秆按节间切开。共测量了928个样本节间的外径、壁厚和节间长度。结果表明,二维茎秆形态计量学的数学表达式是一个二阶和三阶函数。相比之下,三维和四维秆形态计量学是一个四阶函数。相对节间数(RIN)、相对节间长(RIL)和相对累积节间长(RCIL)之间呈三阶函数关系。
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引用次数: 0
The Potency of Avocado Seeds (”Persea Americana” Mill.) as a Source of Antioxidant Tea 牛油果种子(“Persea Americana”Mill.)作为抗氧化茶的来源的效力
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.10
C. Anwar, I. Irhami, I. R. Aprita
The processing of avocado into avocado juice will produce organic waste, namely avocado skin, and seeds. This potential of organic waste from avocado seeds can be exploited by turning them into tea products. This study employed avocado seed as a source of antioxidants which was made into processed products, namely tea. This research was intended to discover the influence of temperature with avocado seeds on antioxidants as well as the quality of resulting tea products and to determine the best conditions for the drying process of avocado seed tea. This investigation was arranged at the Integrated Lab of Politeknik Indonesia Venezuela and the Laboratory of Banda Aceh Industrial Research and Standardization Center. The experimentation adopted a factorial completely randomized design pattern composed of 2 (two) parameters. The first parameter was avocado seed drying temperature comprising 3 (three) degrees, they were S1 (50°C), S2 (60°C), and S3 (70°C). The second parameter represented the drying time of avocado seeds which comprised 3 (three) degrees, they were L1 (2 hours), L2 (2.5 hours), and L3 (3 hours). Analysis carried out in the research was water, ash value, phenolic content, antioxidant, and sensory (colour, taste, and flavour). From the research, it was shown that the drying temperature was influenced by the moisture content, ash content, and antioxidant activity of avocado seed tea, while the drying time and the treatments of those parameters made an impact on total phenol. The best quality avocado seed tea was obtained from a drying temperature of 50°C along with a length of drying of 2 hours.
牛油果加工成牛油果汁会产生有机废物,即牛油果皮和种子。牛油果种子中有机废物的潜力可以通过将其转化为茶叶产品来加以利用。这项研究使用鳄梨种子作为抗氧化剂的来源,制成加工产品,即茶。本研究旨在探讨温度对牛油果种子抗氧化剂及茶品品质的影响,并确定牛油果种子茶的最佳干燥工艺条件。这次调查是在印尼委内瑞拉理工大学综合实验室和班达亚齐工业研究和标准化中心实验室安排的。试验采用由2个参数组成的因子完全随机设计模式。第一个参数是牛油果种子干燥温度,包括3(3)度,分别是S1(50℃)、S2(60℃)和S3(70℃)。第二个参数表示牛油果种子的干燥时间,包括3度,分别是L1(2小时),L2(2.5小时)和L3(3小时)。在研究中进行的分析是水,灰分值,酚含量,抗氧化剂和感官(颜色,味道和风味)。研究表明,干燥温度受牛油果籽茶含水量、灰分含量和抗氧化活性的影响,而干燥时间和这些参数的处理对总酚有影响。干燥温度为50℃,干燥时间为2小时,可获得最佳品质的牛油果籽茶。
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引用次数: 1
Peculiarities of Reproduction of “Pinus nigra” Arn. in Ukraine 黑松(Pinus nigra)的繁殖特性。在乌克兰
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.3
I. Honcharuk, M. Matusyak, H. Pantsyreva, I. Kupchuk, V. Prokopchuk, N. Telekalo
The article analyzes the peculiarities of black pine reproduction and identifies the most promising methods of propagation for the territory of Vinnytsia city (Ukraine). Having analyzed the germination capacity of the black pine seed material, we found that the percentage of seed germination ranged from 38% (courtyards) to 70% (“Podillya” botanical garden). Examining the duration of black pine seedlings emergence, we found that in almost all objects of the city the largest number of seedlings were established on the 7th day (about 35 pcs.), then the process declined, and the smallest number appeared on the 13th day (about 5-7 pcs.). Studying the black pine propagation by cuttings, we found that when fed with two different rooting stimulants, the best result was obtained with the application of Korenevin (48 pieces), and a slightly lower acceptance rate was demonstrated with the use of Epine (about 34 pieces).
本文分析了乌克兰文尼察市境内黑松繁殖的特点,确定了最有前途的繁殖方法。通过对黑松种子材料发芽率的分析,我们发现黑松种子材料发芽率从38%(庭院)到70%(“豆荚”植物园)不等。通过对黑松幼苗出苗时间的考察,我们发现,在几乎所有的城市对象中,第7天的出苗数量最多(约35株),之后数量逐渐减少,第13天的出苗数量最少(约5 ~ 7株)。通过对黑松扦插繁殖的研究,我们发现,在两种不同的生根刺激剂中,使用Korenevin(48片)的效果最好,使用Epine(34片)的合格率略低。
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引用次数: 3
A Review on the Mechanization of Date Palm Cultivation 枣椰树栽培机械化研究进展
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.5
A. Nourani, F. Garbati Pegna
Date palm is important cultivation for arid regions and its cultivation is expanding, though challenges to its modernization still remain partially unsolved: the mechanization of the most important farming operations is not fully developed, though various attempts have been carried out over time. The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of the most characterizing research works directed at mechanizing farm operations for date palms in the three main morphological zones: crown, trunk, and roots. Various parameters such as maneuverability, working height, payload, cost, and working capacity have been considered by different authors for the performance analysis of their proposals, though safety is considered by all the main drivers of the research. The projects that have been developed and the relevant results can provide a useful reference for those who want to engage in further developing this sector or in applying some of the more effective proposed solutions. In order to promote this field of research, these attempts of mechanization of date palm cultivation need to concretize it with commercialised devices and machines mainly by strengthening the channels of technology transfer between the university and the socio-economic world on the one hand, and by encouraging the industry to adopt these research results, on the other.
枣椰树是干旱地区的重要种植作物,其种植正在扩大,尽管其现代化的挑战仍未部分解决:最重要的农业作业的机械化尚未完全发展,尽管长期以来进行了各种尝试。这篇综述的目的是提供一个最具特色的研究工作的概述,针对机械化农场操作的椰枣在三个主要形态区:树冠,树干和根。各种参数,如机动性、工作高度、有效载荷、成本和工作能力,已经被不同的作者考虑在他们的建议的性能分析中,尽管安全是所有研究的主要驱动因素。已经发展的项目和相关成果可以为那些想要进一步发展这个行业或应用一些更有效的建议解决方案的人提供有用的参考。为了促进这一领域的研究,这些枣椰树种植机械化的尝试需要用商业化的设备和机器具体化,主要是一方面加强大学和社会经济世界之间的技术转让渠道,另一方面鼓励工业界采用这些研究成果。
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引用次数: 1
The Total Content of Polyphenols and the Antioxidant Properties of several Berry Vinegars 几种浆果醋中多酚总含量及抗氧化性能的研究
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.11
C. Padureanu, A. Maier, V. Pădureanu, A. Nedelcu, M. Lupu, C. Bădărău
Berry fruits represent a valuable source of natural aroma and antioxidants for vinegars. The aim of this research was the evaluation of the total polyphenol content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and antioxidant properties (by ABTS and DPPH assay) of several vinegars produced by an acetous fermentation process, using substrates that contain berry (raspberries, blueberries, blackberries) juice (40%; 60%) inoculated with acetous bacteria (0.5%; 1%). Experimental results indicated that blueberry vinegar samples obtained using 0.5% acetous bacteria and 60% berry juices led to the highest mean values for TPC, TAC, and levels of antioxidant activity, but all these variants had significantly the lowest values of acetic acid content.
浆果是醋中天然香气和抗氧化剂的宝贵来源。本研究的目的是评价几种醋的总多酚含量(TPC)、总花青素含量(TAC)和抗氧化性能(通过ABTS和DPPH测定),这些醋采用醋酸发酵工艺生产,底物含有浆果(覆盆子、蓝莓、黑莓)汁(40%;60%)接种醋酸菌(0.5%;1%)。实验结果表明,添加0.5%醋酸菌和60%莓汁的蓝莓醋的TPC、TAC和抗氧化活性平均值最高,但所有这些变体的乙酸含量均显著最低。
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引用次数: 1
Idea and Spirit of Seven Years of Design and Crafts Based Workshops and Research on Site 七年设计与工艺工作坊与现场研究的理念与精神
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.7
B. Bartha, A. Olărescu, T. Gronegger
This paper is a holistic overview of 7 years of experimental design workshops and their vocational approach toward non-formal education in the field of design. The research highlights more than 10 years of experience of the authors in organizing the workflow for a series of one-week international design workshops in Romania and Austria. Each workshop had a special topic but all of them were linked by a common scope: interventions in private and public spaces with inspiration and respect for the local built environment, culture, traditions, and crafts.
本文全面概述了7年的实验设计工作坊及其在设计领域非正规教育的职业方法。该研究突出了作者在罗马尼亚和奥地利组织一系列为期一周的国际设计研讨会的工作流程方面超过10年的经验。每个工作坊都有一个特别的主题,但它们都有一个共同的范围:在尊重当地建筑环境、文化、传统和工艺的基础上,对私人和公共空间进行干预。
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引用次数: 0
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Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering
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