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DO CHILDREN REPRESENT VIRTUAL SPATIAL-TEMPORAL QUALITIES DIFFERENT THAN ADULTS? 儿童是否表现出与成人不同的虚拟时空品质?
Selma Dündar-Coecke
Decades-old research has demonstrated the effects of virtual space on perception mostly with adult samples. Little is known about children’s ability to utilize spatial-temporal qualities from computerized settings. Past research with primary school children suggested that the ability to utilize spatial-temporal information is crucial for inferring cause-effect relationships of natural phenomena. However, children’s performance lagged behind when spatial-temporal qualities were presented on a computer screen. To investigate this matter further, 16 adults, 17 nursery, and 19 reception age children were tested individually (N=52) across three tasks –virtual, virtual with less intense, and actual spatial-temporal tasks-. The results showed that: (1) young children performed poorly on virtual tasks. (2) Children’s ability to process spatial-temporal information varied largely depending on the characteristics of the task. (3) Spatial-temporal analysis in a virtual space required extra support from widely distributed domains operating attention and memory. (4) The intensity of the information presentation at virtual displays influenced young children’s performances, but not adults’. The results may explain why some children cannot perform well / benefit from teaching/learning activities via 2/3-dimensional settings: the ability to utilize the amount of spatial-temporal information varies widely across development, in particular when children cannot manipulate the intensity of the information they are exposed to. Missing the third dimension (e.g. depth) in virtual tasks is challenging for both young and older children in which the majority of them seem to fail to compensate. Evolutionarily our coping systems seem to be more advanced for extracting spatial-temporal information from real environments as opposed to virtual. This may challenge in particular the research measuring young children’s performances from computerized displays.
几十年前的研究已经证明了虚拟空间对感知的影响,主要是对成人样本的影响。关于儿童利用计算机环境中的时空特性的能力,我们所知甚少。过去对小学生的研究表明,利用时空信息的能力对于推断自然现象的因果关系至关重要。然而,当在电脑屏幕上呈现时空特征时,孩子们的表现落后了。为了进一步研究这一问题,我们分别对16名成年人、17名托儿所儿童和19名接受教育的儿童(N=52)进行了三种任务测试——虚拟任务、虚拟低强度任务和实际时空任务。结果表明:(1)幼儿在虚拟任务中的表现较差。(2)儿童处理时空信息的能力在很大程度上取决于任务的特征。(3)虚拟空间的时空分析需要广泛分布的操作注意和记忆域的额外支持。(4)虚拟展示的信息呈现强度对幼儿的表现有影响,但对成人的表现没有影响。研究结果可以解释为什么有些孩子不能在2/3维环境下的教学活动中表现良好/受益:在发展过程中,利用时空信息的能力差异很大,特别是当孩子不能操纵他们所接触的信息的强度时。在虚拟任务中缺少第三维度(例如深度)对年幼和年长的孩子来说都是一个挑战,因为他们中的大多数人似乎无法弥补这一点。从进化的角度来看,我们的应对系统似乎更先进,可以从真实环境中提取时空信息,而不是从虚拟环境中提取。这对通过电脑显示器测量幼儿表现的研究尤其具有挑战性。
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引用次数: 2
MIRELE: A MIXED-REALITY SYSTEM FOR LEARNING A TASK DOMAIN mirelle:用于学习任务域的混合现实系统
Z. Hodaie, Sajjad SajTaheri, B. Brügge
MIRELE is an interactive tabletop for situated domain learning that helps students learn names of the physical objects and their relationships by projecting the names, relationships, and additional information onto the real objects. It is build based on camera-projector system and offers a domain-independent fast authoring system. Using the authoring system, the teachers can create the learning materials themselves without any programming. MIRELE is designed for domain-independence, unobtrusiveness and usability for manual activities, and offers a simple low-cost solution that can be utilized very fast in the classroom.
MIRELE是一个交互式桌面,用于定位领域学习,通过将名称,关系和其他信息投射到真实对象上,帮助学生学习物理对象的名称及其关系。它是在摄像机投影系统的基础上构建的,提供了一个独立于领域的快速创作系统。使用该编写系统,教师无需编写任何程序即可自行创建学习材料。MIRELE是专为领域独立,不显眼和可用性的手工活动,并提供了一个简单的低成本的解决方案,可以在课堂上使用非常快。
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引用次数: 0
CYBERNETICS AND PRECURSORS OF PROMOTING CRITICAL THINKING - A WAY TO CHANGE THE SCHOOL 控制论和促进批判性思维的先驱——一种改变学校的方式
Teodora Surubaru, D. Isoc
The requirement to assure the teaching of critical thinking put the school in front of its own weaknesses. A profound criticism highlights limitations, hindrances and obstacles that are difficult to pass without the personal efforts of the teachers. Following criticism, one can identify a set of requirements that would allow for improvement and upgrading. This set of requirements builds the specification of a cybernetic system developed to help the training process promoting the critical thinking. The new cybernetic system diminishes the role of the teacher as coordinator in approaching the field of interest, inclusively the building of the recommended bibliographic list and interventions in crises. The main stages of the training sessions coordinated by the cybernetic system aim at a) building a set of problems by the students; b) the classification of all proposed problems according to their opportunity established by the voting group; c) solving the proposed problems by the students; d) evaluating, by vote, all the solutions offered for the proposed problems. Using the formulated specification and the established operating algorithm the operating scheme of the cybernetic system is being built. The proposed scheme is intended to monitor and manage the training process. The results interpretation highlights the absolute novelty of such a system and analyzes how it satisfies the original specification. One observes the generality of the concept, the way it meets the requirement of promoting critical thinking, the fact that the promotion is made gradually and continuously.
确保批判性思维教学的要求使学校面对自己的弱点。深刻的批评强调了没有教师个人努力就难以克服的限制、障碍和障碍。在批评之后,可以确定一组允许改进和升级的需求。这组需求建立了一个控制论系统的规范,该系统的开发有助于促进批判性思维的培训过程。新的控制论系统减少了教师作为接近感兴趣领域的协调员的作用,包括建立推荐书目列表和危机中的干预措施。由控制论系统协调的训练课程的主要阶段旨在a)由学生建立一套问题;B)根据投票小组确定的机会对所有提出的问题进行分类;C)解决学生提出的问题;D)通过投票来评估所有针对所提出问题的解决方案。根据制定的规范和建立的运行算法,建立了控制系统的运行方案。拟议的计划旨在监测和管理培训过程。结果解释强调了这种系统的绝对新颖性,并分析了它如何满足原始规范。人们观察到这个概念的普遍性,它如何满足促进批判性思维的要求,以及这种促进是逐步和持续进行的。
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引用次数: 0
A FIELD STUDY ABOUT THE IMPACT OF A VR LEARNING UNIT 关于虚拟现实学习单元影响的实地研究
Thomas Keller, Fabian Hagen, Elke Brucker-Kley
This paper examines the learning success of the Virtual Reality course unit "So small! So big!" compared to conventional teaching. In the form of a field experiment and three random sample tests, the learning success of 67 subjects was examined. In the analysis of the collected data, the differences between the educational levels and the sexes were examined in addition to the overall comparison. In addition, the individual questions of the random sample tests were checked for anomalies. The analysis showed that the two learning units are to be regarded as equivalent. The subjects achieved short and medium-term learning success with both teaching methods. However, no differences could be found between the two teaching methods; they must be regarded as equivalent. The only exception is the difference between the educational levels in terms of medium-term learning success.
本文考察了虚拟现实课程单元“这么小!”的学习效果。这么大!”与传统教学相比。采用实地实验和三次随机抽样测试的形式,对67名被试的学习成功情况进行了考察。在对收集到的数据进行分析时,除了进行总体比较外,还检查了教育水平和性别之间的差异。此外,对随机抽样检验的个别问题进行了异常检查。分析表明,这两个学习单元可以看作是等效的。两种教学方法均取得了短期和中期的学习成功。然而,两种教学方法之间没有差异;它们必须被看作是相等的。唯一的例外是教育水平之间在中期学习成功方面的差异。
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引用次数: 4
VISUALIZATION OF LEARNING LOG OF WEB-BASED APPLICATION FOR UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE OF GEOMETRIC PROOFS 可视化学习日志的基于web的应用程序,用于理解几何证明的结构
Satomi Hamada, M. Yamada
Many students are not good at geometric proofs. One reason for this is that it is possible to memorize the proof procedure explained by the teacher without understanding the structure of a geometric proof. So far, we have developed a web-based application that supports the understanding of the “structure of geometric proofs” in junior high school mathematics and have verified its effectiveness. Although the results of the evaluation experiments have indicated the usefulness of this web-based application, it was not possible to identify the factors that brought about its usefulness. In addition, because the web-based application was not equipped with a log analysis function, it was not possible to grasp the aspects that students struggle with during a proof in the web-based application. In this paper, we present the results and problems of the evaluation experiment of the web-based application so far and discuss the newly added log analysis function. and discusses the newly added log analytics function.
许多学生不擅长几何证明。其中一个原因是,在不了解几何证明结构的情况下,记住老师解释的证明过程是可能的。到目前为止,我们已经开发了一个基于web的应用程序,支持对初中数学“几何证明的结构”的理解,并验证了它的有效性。尽管评估实验的结果表明了这个基于web的应用程序的有用性,但不可能确定导致其有用性的因素。此外,由于基于web的应用程序没有配备日志分析功能,因此不可能掌握学生在基于web的应用程序中进行证明时所遇到的问题。本文介绍了目前web应用评估实验的结果和存在的问题,并对新增加的日志分析功能进行了讨论。并讨论了新增的日志分析功能。
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引用次数: 0
REGION-WISE PAGE DIFFICULTY ANALYSIS USING EYE MOVEMENTS 使用眼球运动的区域页面难度分析
T. Minematsu
In this study, we investigated which section of a page was difficult for students to read, based on eye movement data and subjective impressions of the page’s difficulty, with the aim of helping teachers revise teaching materials. It is problematic to manually model relationships between eye movements and subjective impressions of the page’s difficulty. Therefore, in this study, we used a neural network to model the relationships automatically. Our method generated relevance maps representing locations where students found difficulty, in order to visualize region-wise page difficulty. To evaluate the quality of the relevance maps, we compared them with a distribution of gaze points and highlights added by the students. In addition, we administered a questionnaire to evaluate whether the relevance maps were useful to teachers when revising teaching materials. Results imply that our method can provide useful information for teachers making revisions to teaching materials.
在这项研究中,我们根据眼动数据和对页面难度的主观印象,调查学生阅读页面的哪一部分是困难的,目的是帮助教师修改教材。手动模拟眼球运动和对页面难度的主观印象之间的关系是有问题的。因此,在本研究中,我们使用神经网络自动建立关系模型。我们的方法生成了相关地图,表示学生发现困难的位置,以便可视化区域页面难度。为了评估相关图的质量,我们将它们与学生添加的注视点和亮点分布进行了比较。此外,我们还通过问卷调查来评估相关图是否对教师在修订教材时有用。结果表明,该方法可以为教师修改教材提供有用的信息。
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引用次数: 2
DIGITIZATION OF THE STUDENT LIFE CYCLE TO PROMOTE UNDER-REPRESENTED GROUPS IN STEM SUBJECTS 学生生命周期的数字化,以促进stem学科中代表性不足的群体
Heidi Schuhbauer, P. Brockmann
A project to support underrepresented groups in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) subjects is being carried out at the Department of Computer Science at the Technical University of Nuremberg Georg Simon Ohm (TH GSO). This project intends to counteract the shortage of specialists in the STEM occupations by supporting underrepresented student groups (i.e. students with a migration background, from non-academic households, female students, and single parents) before, during and after their studies. To this end, digitization measures in STEM studies should be evaluated and carried out at the TH GSO Nuremberg. The entire life cycle plays a decisive role in this, starting with the choice of the students’ course of study, through their university or college studies, to entry into the labor market, and is included in this research project. Specific digital prototypes will be developed as supporting measures. The identification of underrepresented groups of students in STEM subjects is the starting point of this project. At the beginning of the student life cycle, the identified groups should be provided with information about STEM fields to support their choices of study subjects. For this purpose, some digital advisory tools will be developed. To prevent them from breaking-off their studies, influencing factors have to be identified. Knowing these factors, an early-warning system will be developed. This system should identify students who are at risk of failing and propose supporting measures to them at an early stage. At the end of their studies, they should be assisted in their choice of a suitable job and in applying for jobs with digital tools.
纽伦堡乔治·西蒙·欧姆工业大学(TH GSO)计算机科学系正在开展一个项目,以支持STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)学科中代表性不足的群体。该项目旨在通过支持代表性不足的学生群体(即具有移民背景的学生,来自非学术家庭的学生,女学生和单亲家长),在学习之前,期间和之后,解决STEM职业专家短缺的问题。为此,应在纽伦堡GSO对STEM研究中的数字化措施进行评估和实施。整个生命周期在这方面起着决定性的作用,从学生的学习课程的选择开始,通过他们的大学或学院学习,进入劳动力市场,并包括在这个研究项目中。将开发具体的数字原型作为配套措施。识别STEM学科中代表性不足的学生群体是这个项目的起点。在学生生命周期的开始,应向确定的群体提供有关STEM领域的信息,以支持他们选择学习科目。为此目的,将开发一些数字咨询工具。为了防止他们中断学业,必须确定影响因素。了解了这些因素,就可以建立预警系统。这一制度应该及早发现有不及格风险的学生,并提出支持措施。在他们学习结束时,应该帮助他们选择合适的工作,并使用数字工具申请工作。
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引用次数: 2
DIGITAL ETHNICITY - EMERGING PROFILES 数字种族——新兴的概况
N. Adams, T. DeVaney
Digital Ethnicity is a model developed to provide an organized method to define human interaction with digital communication technologies and the result of these interactions on cultural development. The ultimate goal for the development of Digital Ethnicity as a concept is to describe those aspects of digital ethnicity that influence society. These digital ethnic aspects are intended to guide thinking and provide insight into the social and educational needs of rapidly changing societal groupings by providing guidance for leaders and educators to address the biological, social and cognitive changes brought about by pervasive use of digital communication technologies. Digital Profiles have emerged by certain demographic characteristics – most notably, age and gender. This paper discusses these emerging profiles.
数字族群是一种模型,旨在提供一种有组织的方法来定义人类与数字通信技术的互动,以及这些互动对文化发展的影响。数字种族作为一个概念发展的最终目标是描述数字种族影响社会的那些方面。这些数字种族方面旨在通过为领导者和教育工作者提供指导,以解决数字通信技术的普遍使用所带来的生物、社会和认知变化,从而指导思维并洞察快速变化的社会群体的社会和教育需求。数字档案的出现有一定的人口特征——最明显的是年龄和性别。本文讨论了这些新出现的概况。
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引用次数: 1
UNIVERSITY TUTORING ACTIONS USING AN INTEGRATED ONLINE PLATFORM 高校课外辅导行动采用综合在线平台
C. Fissore, F. Floris, M. Marchisio, S. Rabellino
University tutoring consists of a set of heterogeneous actions aimed to support students, upon entering the University and throughout their academic life. The tutoring implements the resources needed to cope with possible difficulties in each phase of the training process. It also provides information and advice to better address the study course, prepares paths for the recovery of learning gaps, and provides assistance for the preparation of the thesis. Its main purpose is to remove any possible obstacles to a profitable attendance at courses, also through initiatives related to the attitudes and needs of individuals. The research group of University of Turin has designed and developed a model of online tutoring, carried out via an online Moodle platform integrated with a web conference service for the Disciplinary Tutoring of the University of Turin. The main aim of the project, called TutoratoOnline, is to reduce the number of students starting the second academic year with a low number of passed exams, by helping students with the lessons they find more difficult. Through the platform, various and many synchronous and asynchronous tutoring activities were offered to students. The aim of this paper is to discuss and analyze the multiple tutoring activities carried out through the platform and the multiple teaching strategies used, and to discuss how their variety is associated with a greater students engagement.
大学辅导包括一系列不同的行动,旨在支持学生进入大学和整个学术生活。辅导提供了应付培训过程中每个阶段可能出现的困难所需的资源。它还为更好地解决学习过程提供信息和建议,为弥补学习差距准备途径,并为准备论文提供帮助。它的主要目的是通过与个人的态度和需要有关的倡议,消除任何可能阻碍有效上课的障碍。都灵大学研究小组设计并开发了一种在线辅导模式,通过在线Moodle平台与网络会议服务相结合,为都灵大学的学科辅导提供了一种在线辅导模式。这个名为TutoratoOnline的项目的主要目的是通过帮助学生解决他们觉得比较困难的课程,减少第二学年开始时考试合格率低的学生数量。通过该平台,为学生提供了多种多样的同步和异步辅导活动。本文的目的是讨论和分析通过该平台开展的多种辅导活动和使用的多种教学策略,并讨论它们的多样性如何与更高的学生参与度相关联。
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引用次数: 4
BECOMING STORYTELLERS: IMPROVING ESL STUDENTS' ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT AND 21ST CENTURY SKILLS THROUGH INTERACTIVE DIGITAL STORYTELLING 成为讲故事的人:通过互动数字讲故事提高esl学生的学术参与度和21世纪技能
Annalisa Raffone, J. Monti
21 st Century education is rapidly changing due to the emerging of new media technologies that provide easy access to a great amount of information. Accordingly, as today’s students are immersed in a technological society, they need to be equipped with the skills necessary to interpret, synthesize and produce new information. Thus, today’s educators and researchers face the challenge of making students become skillful users of new technologies so to increase their motivation and engagement by also improving their learning outcomes. In particular, in the context of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), using technology appropriately could be a valuable approach to create a meaningful learning context where the acquisition of language and literacy skills is accompanied by that of digital skills. To that end, Digital Storytelling (DST) seems to perfectly embody and meet the various educational needs of today’s students because due to its dynamic feature of combining traditional storytelling with a variety of digital multimedia it provides opportunities for the improvement of learning skills including cooperative learning, motivation, and engagement. In the light of CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning), Collaborative Learning (CL), and the Constructivist Paradigm (CP), this paper aims at addressing the potential of Interactive Digital Storytelling in enhancing ESL (English as a Second Language) students’ academic engagement and 21 st Century Skills. Therefore, this paper describes the implementation of DST at “L’Orientale” University of Naples with 24 ESL students involving qualitative and quantitative methods of collecting data. Results showed that DST enhanced students’ engagement with their studies and the reinforcement of their digital skills.
由于新媒体技术的出现,21世纪的教育正在迅速发生变化,这些新媒体技术提供了获取大量信息的便捷途径。因此,由于今天的学生沉浸在一个技术社会中,他们需要具备必要的技能来解释、综合和产生新的信息。因此,今天的教育工作者和研究人员面临的挑战是使学生成为新技术的熟练使用者,从而通过改善他们的学习成果来增加他们的动力和参与度。特别是在第二语言习得(SLA)的背景下,适当地使用技术可能是创造有意义的学习环境的一种有价值的方法,在这种环境中,语言和读写技能的习得伴随着数字技能的习得。因此,数字讲故事(Digital Storytelling, DST)似乎完美地体现和满足了当今学生的各种教育需求,因为它将传统的讲故事与各种数字多媒体相结合的动态特征,为提高学生的合作学习、动机学习、参与学习等学习技能提供了机会。根据计算机辅助语言学习(CALL)、协作学习(CL)和建构主义范式(CP),本文旨在探讨交互式数字故事在提高ESL(英语作为第二语言)学生的学术参与度和21世纪技能方面的潜力。因此,本文描述了那不勒斯“东方大学”24名ESL学生的DST实施情况,涉及定性和定量收集数据的方法。结果表明,DST提高了学生对学习的参与度,并加强了他们的数字技能。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA 2019)
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