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EDUCATIONAL TEACHING SYSTEMS: DISCIPLINE REQUIREMENTS AND STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE FROM A PSYCHOANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE 教育教学系统:精神分析视角下的学科要求与学生表现
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392023-250816-t
Marina Silva Simões, Fuad Kyrillos Neto, Maria Gláucia Pires Calzavara
ABSTRACT The manuscript proposes a critical analysis of the possibility of the psychoanalyst in the school institution. Taking advantage of Applied Psychoanalysis associated with bibliographical research and memories fragments from daily practice at school as a guiding axis, the psychoanalyst’s position in the institution is understood as that which aims at the promotion of the subject. Sites of three education systems highlighted in Brazil today are investigated. The significant performance linked to the promise of enrolling the university resulting from the use of the didactic material of each one of them is located. Lacan’s discourses theory is covered, demonstrating the capitalist, contemporary teacher and university discourses as predominant in current school. The psychoanalyst, when operating with the analyst’s discourse in his listening, allows the subject to say well, thus exercising the function of disalienists. This function is based on a distancing from the imaginary and totalizing identifications that express the education system in our country.
摘要:本文对精神分析学家在学校机构中的可能性进行了批判性分析。利用与书目研究相关的应用精神分析和来自学校日常实践的记忆片段作为指导轴,精神分析学家在机构中的地位被理解为旨在促进主题。调查了巴西今天突出的三个教育系统的地点。由于使用了他们每个人的教学材料,因此与入学承诺相关的显著表现被定位。拉康的话语理论,论证了资本主义话语、当代教师话语和大学话语在当代学派中占主导地位。当精神分析学家在他的倾听中运用分析学家的话语时,允许主体说得好,从而行使反异化主义者的功能。这一功能是建立在与表现我国教育制度的虚构性和集体性认同的距离之上的。
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引用次数: 0
FECHAMENTO DAS ESCOLAS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: EXPERIÊNCIAS MATERNAS COM FILHOS EM IDADE ESCOLAR COVID-19大流行期间关闭学校:母亲对学龄儿童的经历
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392023-244702
Mary Yoko Okamoto, Manoel Antônio dos Santos, Thassia Souza Emidio
RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender as experiências maternas diante do fechamento das escolas, decorrente das medidas de distanciamento social impostas pelo combate à pandemia de COVID-19, e seus impactos nos vínculos familiares e na percepção da maternagem. Participaram da pesquisa 20 mulheres de camadas sociais médias, com idades entre 29 e 45 anos, que acompanharam seus filhos nas atividades escolares desenvolvidas em casa nesse período. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas por meio remoto. Os resultados encontrados apontaram que a pandemia resultou em mudanças significativas nos vínculos familiares. A transposição para aulas remotas acarretou um acúmulo de atividades assumidas pelas mães no contexto doméstico, resultando em sobrecarga e exigindo uma dedicação extra à educação dos filhos. Além disso, as participantes mostraram-se reflexivas sobre a vinculação com seus filhos e os valores relativos à educação. Evidenciou-se a sobrecarga vivida pelas mulheres, com possíveis repercussões na saúde mental e no bem-estar de suas famílias.
摘要本研究旨在了解母亲在学校关闭前的经历,由于抗击COVID-19大流行而采取的社会距离措施,以及它们对家庭关系和母亲认知的影响。参与者是20名来自中等社会阶层的女性,年龄在29岁到45岁之间,她们在这段时间陪着孩子在家里参加学校活动。个人半结构化访谈是通过远程方式进行的。结果表明,大流行导致了家庭关系的重大变化。转移到远程课堂导致母亲在家庭环境中承担的活动积累,导致超负荷,需要额外的奉献来教育孩子。此外,参与者对他们与孩子的关系和与教育相关的价值观进行了反思。有证据表明,妇女所经历的负担可能对其家庭的心理健康和福祉产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG TEACHERS IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION 基础教育教师的心理社会因素与倦怠综合征
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392023-235165-t
Maira Cazeto Lopes de Souza, Fábio Peron Carballo, S. Lucca
ABSTRACT Burnout Syndrome is a disorder resulting from chronic stress at work. It affects workers from different areas, including teachers. This is a systematic review study with the objective of verifying the association between psychosocial factors at work (PFW) and burnout in elementary education teachers. Articles from the PubMed, Scielo and Capes Journals databases, published between 2014 and 2018, that used the Maslach Burnout Inventory in the burnout evaluation were analyzed. The results showed a variable prevalence of burnout among teachers. In addition to infrastructure problems, high work demands, lack of autonomy, poor quality of relationships, and physical and psychological violence experienced in schools were the main risk factors for burnout. It is recommendable that we consider the psychosocial and organizational factors of work in the prevention actions of Burnout Syndrome.
职业倦怠综合症是一种由长期工作压力引起的疾病。它影响到不同领域的工作人员,包括教师。本研究旨在验证小学教育教师工作心理因素与职业倦怠之间的关系。研究人员分析了2014年至2018年间发表的PubMed、Scielo和Capes期刊数据库中使用马斯拉克职业倦怠量表进行职业倦怠评估的文章。结果显示,教师职业倦怠的患病率存在差异。除了基础设施问题外,高工作要求、缺乏自主权、关系质量差以及在学校经历的身体和心理暴力是倦怠的主要风险因素。建议在职业倦怠综合征的预防行动中考虑工作的社会心理和组织因素。
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引用次数: 2
ACADEMIC PEREZHIVANIE, UNIVERSITY EDUCATION, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: VYGOTSKY’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO HIGHER EDUCATION 学术研究、大学教育、人的发展:维果茨基对高等教育的贡献
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392023-248475-t
Wallisten Passos Garcia, Miriam Aparecida Graciano de Souza Pan
ABSTRACT This study aims to develop the concept of academic perezhivanie, based on Vygotsky’s concept of perejivânie (perezhivanie), as understood in the works that belong to the final phase of his life (Vygotski, 1934/2018a; Vygotski, 1934/2006a). In understanding perezhivanie as a dynamic unit of consciousness, we find an important conceptual key to understand the psychological university students’ development. We showed that the relation between students and training practices in Higher Education produces academic perezhivanie that mobilize awareness and guide the senses about what it means to be a student and professional in a given area, resulting in transformations that generate new ways of thinking, feelings in university students and positions towards academic life. In this way, the concept of academic perezhivanie constitutes an important tool for the analysis of academic success and failure processes, the quality of training practices and assistance policies and student permanence, as it constitutes a qualitative indicator of university life.
本研究旨在发展学术perezhivanie的概念,以维果茨基的perejiv (perezhivanie)的概念为基础,作为他生命最后阶段的作品的理解(Vygotski, 1934/2018a;Vygotski 1934/2006a)。将自我意识理解为一个动态的意识单元,是理解心理大学生发展的重要概念钥匙。我们表明,高等教育中学生与培训实践之间的关系产生了学术上的偏差,这种偏差调动了人们的意识,并引导人们对在特定领域中成为一名学生和专业人士意味着什么的感觉,从而产生了新的思维方式、大学生的感受和对学术生活的立场的转变。通过这种方式,学术perezhivanie的概念是分析学术成功和失败过程、培训实践和援助政策的质量以及学生持久性的重要工具,因为它构成了大学生活的定性指标。
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引用次数: 0
VIVÊNCIA ACADÊMICA, FORMAÇÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA, DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE VIGOTSKI AO ENSINO SUPERIOR 学术经历、大学教育、人类发展:维果斯基对高等教育的贡献
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392023-248475
Wallisten Passos Garcia, Miriam Aparecida Graciano de Souza Pan
RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver o conceito de vivência acadêmica, fundamentado no conceito de perejivânie (vivência) de Vigotski, como compreendido nas obras que pertencem à fase final de sua vida (Vigotski, 1934/2018a; Vygotski, 1934/2006a). No entendimento da vivência como unidade dinâmica da consciência, encontramos uma chave conceitual importante para a compreensão do desenvolvimento psicológico dos universitários. Evidenciamos que a relação dos estudantes com as práticas formativas no Ensino Superior produz vivências acadêmicas que mobilizam a consciência e orientam os sentidos sobre o que é ser estudante e profissional de uma determinada área, resultando em transformações que geram nos universitários novas formas de pensamento, sentimentos e posicionamentos diante da vida acadêmica. Desse modo, o conceito de vivência acadêmica constitui-se em uma importante ferramenta para a análise dos processos de sucesso e fracasso acadêmico, da qualidade das práticas formativas e das políticas de assistência e permanência estudantil por constituir-se como um indicador qualitativo da vida universitária.
摘要本研究旨在发展学术经验的概念,以维果茨基的perejivanie(经验)概念为基础,在属于维果茨基生命最后阶段的作品(维果茨基,1934/2018a;Vygotski 1934/2006a)。将经验理解为意识的动态统一,是理解大学生心理发展的一个重要概念关键。我们观察到的关系和实践训练的学生在高等教育产生提高意识和主要的学术经验知觉的内容是被学生和专业的特定区域,导致大学生产生变化的新形式的思想,感觉和定位的学术生活。因此,学术经验的概念作为大学生活的定性指标,成为分析学术成功与失败过程、培训实践质量、援助政策和学生持久性的重要工具。
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引用次数: 0
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN SCHOOL: PARENTS’ AND STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS 家长在学校的参与:家长和学生的看法
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392023-242143-t
Diana Dias, Raquel Barroso
ABSTRACT Parental involvement at school is a construct that encompasses different behaviours and attitudes. Being multidimensional, it involves all the parental practices developed by the family, from study habits and communication with the school to initiatives aimed at the child's success at school. This study aims to analyse not only parents' perceptions of their own involvement with their children's school, but also their children's perceptions of their involvement with their school. It also explores the comparison between parents' and children's perceptions of perceived parental involvement. A total of 526 families took part in this study and the data was collected using the Parental Involvement Questionnaire. Both parents and children perceived a high level of parental involvement with the school, but there were significant differences between their perceptions. These results make it possible to reflect on the trends, challenges and implications of this concept, presenting the implications for practice and research.
家长在学校的参与是一个包含不同行为和态度的结构。它是多维的,涉及家庭发展的所有父母行为,从学习习惯和与学校的沟通到旨在孩子在学校取得成功的举措。本研究不仅旨在分析家长对自己参与孩子学校的看法,也旨在分析孩子对自己参与学校的看法。它还探讨了父母和孩子对感知父母参与的看法之间的比较。本研究共涉及526个家庭,数据采用《父母参与问卷》收集。父母和孩子都认为父母对学校的参与程度很高,但他们的看法存在显著差异。这些结果使反思这一概念的趋势、挑战和影响成为可能,并为实践和研究提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
PREGNANCY IN ADOLESCENCE AND EXPERIENCES OF SCHOOL LIFE 青春期怀孕和学校生活的经历
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392023-238700-t
Paula Orchiucci Miura, Ana Caroline dos Santos Silva, Estefane Firmino de Oliveira Lima, Ellen Borges Tenorio Galdino, Kedma Augusto Martiniano Santos, Suzy Kamylla de Oliveira Menezes, Gline Cavalcante Costa
ABSTRACT This article aimed to understand the school life experiences of pregnant adolescents. This is a qualitative and descriptive research. Participated in the study 14 pregnant adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age who were undergoing prenatal care in the public network of the municipality. A semi-structured interview was conducted with each participant about their school life history. Data analysis made it possible to create two categories: “pregnant adolescents who stopped studying” and “pregnant adolescents who continued studying”. A total of 14 adolescents were interviewed, 10 stopped studying, and four continued studying. The importance of family and school support was observed so that the adolescents could continue their studies. Adolescents sought a welcoming environment at school for their emotional needs, but not all of them had the opportunity to experience it. Support to the school community is essential for it to be able to offer the necessary support to its students.
摘要:本文旨在了解怀孕少女的学校生活经历。这是一个定性和描述性的研究。参加这项研究的有14名15至19岁的怀孕少女,她们在市政府的公共网络中接受产前护理。对每位参与者进行了半结构化的采访,了解他们的学校生活历史。通过数据分析,可以将其分为两类:“停止学习的怀孕少女”和“继续学习的怀孕少女”。共采访了14名青少年,其中10人停止学习,4人继续学习。会议注意到家庭和学校支持的重要性,以便青少年能够继续学业。青少年在学校寻求一个受欢迎的环境来满足他们的情感需求,但并不是所有人都有机会体验到这一点。对学校社区的支持是必不可少的,因为它能够为学生提供必要的支持。
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引用次数: 0
GRAVIDEZ NA ADOLESCÊNCIA E AS EXPERIÊNCIAS DA VIDA ESCOLAR 青少年怀孕和学校生活经历
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392023-238700
Paula Orchiucci Miura, Ana Caroline dos Santos Silva, Estefane Firmino de Oliveira Lima, Ellen Borges Tenorio Galdino, Kedma Augusto Martiniano Santos, Suzy Kamylla de Oliveira Menezes, Gline Cavalcante Costa
RESUMO Este artigo teve como objetivo geral compreender as experiências de vida escolar de adolescentes grávidas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva. Participaram do estudo 14 adolescentes grávidas entre 15 e 19 anos de idade que estavam realizando pré-natal na rede pública do município. Foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com cada participante sobre a história de vida escolar. A análise de dados possibilitou a elaboração de duas categorias: “adolescentes grávidas que pararam de estudar” e “adolescentes grávidas que continuaram estudando”. Das 14 adolescentes entrevistadas, 10 pararam de estudar e quatro continuaram estudando. Observou-se a importância do suporte familiar e escolar para que as adolescentes pudessem continuar seus estudos. As adolescentes buscavam na escola um ambiente acolhedor para suas necessidades emocionais, mas nem todas tiveram a possibilidade de vivenciá-lo. O suporte à comunidade escolar é fundamental para que ela consiga oferecer o amparo necessário para seus alunos.
摘要本文旨在了解怀孕青少年的学校生活经历。这是一项定性和描述性研究。该研究包括14名15至19岁的怀孕青少年,她们在该市的公共网络接受产前护理。对每位参与者进行了关于学校生活史的半结构化访谈。数据分析使我们能够详细阐述两类:“停止学习的怀孕青少年”和“继续学习的怀孕青少年”。在接受采访的14名青少年中,10人停止学习,4人继续学习。我们观察到家庭和学校支持对青少年继续学习的重要性。青少年在学校寻求一个温暖的环境来满足他们的情感需求,但并不是所有的青少年都有机会体验它。对学校社区的支持是至关重要的,这样学校才能为学生提供必要的支持。
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引用次数: 0
SCHOOL CLOSURES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: MATERNAL EXPERIENCES WITH SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN COVID-19大流行期间学校关闭:母亲与学龄儿童的经历
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392023-244702-t
Mary Yoko Okamoto, Manoel Antônio dos Santos, Thassia Souza Emidio
ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand mothers’ experiences of school closures due to social distancing measures imposed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on family ties and the perception of motherhood. Twenty middle-class women aged between 29 and 45 who accompanied their children to school activities at home during this period took part in the study. Individual semi-structured interviews were carried out remotely. The results showed that the pandemic has resulted in significant changes in family ties. The transition to remote classes has led to an accumulation of activities undertaken by mothers in the domestic context, resulting in overload and requiring extra dedication to their children’s education. In addition, the participants were reflective about the bond with their children and the values related to education. The overload experienced by the women was highlighted, with potential repercussions on the mental health and well-being of their families.
本研究旨在了解为应对COVID-19大流行而采取的社会距离措施导致学校关闭的母亲经历,及其对家庭关系和母性观念的影响。20名年龄在29岁至45岁之间的中产阶级女性参加了这项研究,她们在此期间在家陪同孩子参加学校活动。个别半结构化访谈是远程进行的。调查结果显示,疫情已导致家庭关系发生重大变化。向远程课堂的过渡导致母亲在家庭环境中承担的活动越来越多,导致负担过重,需要对孩子的教育做出额外的贡献。此外,参与者还反思了与孩子的关系以及与教育有关的价值观。与会者强调了妇女承受的负担过重,这可能对其家庭的心理健康和福祉产生影响。
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引用次数: 0
PROFESSORES DIANTE DO COMPORTAMENTO SUICIDA DE ALUNOS ADOLESCENTES: PERCEPÇÕES E INTERVENÇÕES 教师面对青少年学生自杀行为:认知与干预
Q4 Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/2175-35392023-241847
Emanoela Moreira Maciel, Selena Teixeira
RESUMO Esta pesquisa buscou analisar intervenções de professores do Ensino Médio integrado ao perceberem o comportamento suicida em alunos. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de campo, de abordagem qualitativa e natureza aplicada com 12 professores efetivos de uma instituição federal de ensino. Os dados foram coletados por formulário eletrônico (Google Forms) e analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os achados revelaram que os docentes têm uma visão superficial acerca do suicídio e dificuldades em manejar o comportamento suicida de seus alunos e, quando o fazem, tomam como base valores e experiências pessoais; hesitação e insegurança marcam as condutas dos docentes. O estudo realça a necessidade de a escola se tornar um espaço de diálogo e formação docente acerca do comportamento suicida.
摘要本研究旨在分析综合高中教师对学生自杀行为的干预。为此,我们对联邦教育机构的12名有效教师进行了定性和应用性质的实地研究。数据通过电子表格(谷歌表格)收集,并通过内容分析进行分析。研究结果显示,教师对自杀的看法很肤浅,很难管理学生的自杀行为,当他们这样做时,他们把价值观和个人经历作为基础;犹豫和不安全感是教师行为的标志。该研究强调了学校成为自杀行为对话和教师培训空间的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
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Psicologia Escolar e Educacional
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