In this paper, we show, via a design example, how to leverage the parameters of a base off-axis conic to design freeform optical systems using the full-field display driven aberration-based design method discussed in [1]. Off-axis conic sections are often considered when designing unobscured or non-axisymmetric systems, including as base surfaces for freeform optics [2-8]. Likewise, design methods that use nodal aberration theory and full-field displays to gain insight into the aberrations of freeform systems have been demonstrated to be effective at generating starting points and performing designs (e.g., [1, 9-11]). However, in these aberration-based design methods, a central consideration is the correction of coma and astigmatism, which often involves the introduction of orthogonal polynomial astigmatism and coma terms (i.e.,, Z5/Z6 and Z7/Z8 for the Fringe Zernike polynomials). These terms are often major contributors to freeform departures, thus reducing or eliminating the need for orthogonal polynomial astigmatism and coma may improve interferometric testability estimates based on the magnitude of freeform departures. Consequently, in this paper, we leverage the parameters of base off-axis conics to follow the aberration-based design method without the use of additional orthogonal polynomial astigmatism and coma terms. While an off-axis conic is not exactly equivalent to a sphere plus astigmatism and coma, it is shown via a design example that re-designing with base off-axis conic parameters from the start can yield a new design that achieves equivalent optical performance without orthogonal polynomial astigmatism and coma. When these design methods are coupled with design methods aimed at reducing surface departures, significant improvements in interferometric testability estimates can be achieved, including when compared to fitting freeform surfaces designed with base spheres with the best-fit off-axis conic after optimization. For comparison, the design study in this paper is conducted twice: once using base off-axis conics with Fringe Zernike sag departure terms (excluding Zernike astigmatism and coma), and once using base spheres with Fringe Zernike sag departure terms (including Zernike astigmatism and coma).
{"title":"Aberration-based design example for freeform optical designs with base off-axis conics","authors":"Nick Takaki, Aaron Bauer, J. Rolland","doi":"10.1117/12.2603673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603673","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we show, via a design example, how to leverage the parameters of a base off-axis conic to design freeform optical systems using the full-field display driven aberration-based design method discussed in [1]. Off-axis conic sections are often considered when designing unobscured or non-axisymmetric systems, including as base surfaces for freeform optics [2-8]. Likewise, design methods that use nodal aberration theory and full-field displays to gain insight into the aberrations of freeform systems have been demonstrated to be effective at generating starting points and performing designs (e.g., [1, 9-11]). However, in these aberration-based design methods, a central consideration is the correction of coma and astigmatism, which often involves the introduction of orthogonal polynomial astigmatism and coma terms (i.e.,, Z5/Z6 and Z7/Z8 for the Fringe Zernike polynomials). These terms are often major contributors to freeform departures, thus reducing or eliminating the need for orthogonal polynomial astigmatism and coma may improve interferometric testability estimates based on the magnitude of freeform departures. Consequently, in this paper, we leverage the parameters of base off-axis conics to follow the aberration-based design method without the use of additional orthogonal polynomial astigmatism and coma terms. While an off-axis conic is not exactly equivalent to a sphere plus astigmatism and coma, it is shown via a design example that re-designing with base off-axis conic parameters from the start can yield a new design that achieves equivalent optical performance without orthogonal polynomial astigmatism and coma. When these design methods are coupled with design methods aimed at reducing surface departures, significant improvements in interferometric testability estimates can be achieved, including when compared to fitting freeform surfaces designed with base spheres with the best-fit off-axis conic after optimization. For comparison, the design study in this paper is conducted twice: once using base off-axis conics with Fringe Zernike sag departure terms (excluding Zernike astigmatism and coma), and once using base spheres with Fringe Zernike sag departure terms (including Zernike astigmatism and coma).","PeriodicalId":386109,"journal":{"name":"International Optical Design Conference","volume":"70 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120855854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present useful relations between multiple formulations for specifying and constraining off-axis conics of revolution.
给出了确定和约束离轴二次曲线的多种公式之间的有用关系。
{"title":"Representations of off-axis conics for lens design","authors":"E. Schiesser, Nick Takaki, Bryan P. Stone","doi":"10.1117/12.2603666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603666","url":null,"abstract":"We present useful relations between multiple formulations for specifying and constraining off-axis conics of revolution.","PeriodicalId":386109,"journal":{"name":"International Optical Design Conference","volume":"37 146","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120843774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To conform to the widening of head-mounted displays, stereoscopic optical systems require a high resolution of at least 4 K, and a field of view of at least 120°. However, the dimensions of the large-format cameras used to record high-quality content mean an appropriate stereo base cannot be achieved. Moreover, the wide angle of view prevents the use of a half-mirror rig to reduce the stereo base. Therefore, this study presents a solution where the stereo base is reduced using ultrashort throw lenses with a catadioptric relay in which the pupil is formed on the object side. Hence, a basic design for a wide-angle stereoscopic system with a half-field angle of ~126° and a stereo base of 62 mm is proposed.
{"title":"Wide-angle stereoscopic optical system using ultrashort throw lenses with a catadioptric relay","authors":"Jun Nishikawa, M. Nishiyama","doi":"10.1117/12.2603669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603669","url":null,"abstract":"To conform to the widening of head-mounted displays, stereoscopic optical systems require a high resolution of at least 4 K, and a field of view of at least 120°. However, the dimensions of the large-format cameras used to record high-quality content mean an appropriate stereo base cannot be achieved. Moreover, the wide angle of view prevents the use of a half-mirror rig to reduce the stereo base. Therefore, this study presents a solution where the stereo base is reduced using ultrashort throw lenses with a catadioptric relay in which the pupil is formed on the object side. Hence, a basic design for a wide-angle stereoscopic system with a half-field angle of ~126° and a stereo base of 62 mm is proposed.","PeriodicalId":386109,"journal":{"name":"International Optical Design Conference","volume":"12078 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130928707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rakhman, D. Willis, D. Aikens, J. Mason, W. Blokland, N. Evans, Neal Gerber, Melissa Harvey
An off-axis Schmidt telescope based remote imaging system is under development for in-situ viewing of high-energy proton beam distribution at the Spallation Neutron Source. The optical architecture, design parameters and challenges of this design will be discussed.
{"title":"Off-axis, reflective Schmidt telescope design for proton beam imaging system","authors":"A. Rakhman, D. Willis, D. Aikens, J. Mason, W. Blokland, N. Evans, Neal Gerber, Melissa Harvey","doi":"10.1117/12.2603671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603671","url":null,"abstract":"An off-axis Schmidt telescope based remote imaging system is under development for in-situ viewing of high-energy proton beam distribution at the Spallation Neutron Source. The optical architecture, design parameters and challenges of this design will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":386109,"journal":{"name":"International Optical Design Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116289041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farfield beam shaping e.g. with diffusers often enlarges etendue. We discuss etendue conserving, high transmission beam shaping with irregular fly's eye condensers. Examples of automotive LED headlamp demonstrators using this design principle are presented.
{"title":"Light shaping with micro-optical irregular fly′s eye condensers","authors":"P. Schreiber, Leo M. Wilhelm","doi":"10.1117/12.2603648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603648","url":null,"abstract":"Farfield beam shaping e.g. with diffusers often enlarges etendue. We discuss etendue conserving, high transmission beam shaping with irregular fly's eye condensers. Examples of automotive LED headlamp demonstrators using this design principle are presented.","PeriodicalId":386109,"journal":{"name":"International Optical Design Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130514033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianyi Yang, David H. Lippman, R. Chou, Nicholas S. Kochan, Ankur X. Desai, Greg R. Schmidt, J. Bentley, D. Moore
Gradient-index (GRIN) optics are commonly optimized with pre-determined materials, but the material choices limit the solution space of optimized index profiles. If the dispersive properties of the materials generating GRIN can be optimized, the performance of the optics can be further improved. This paper proposes a material concentration-based GRIN representation to replace the widely-used index-based representation, allowing simultaneous optimization of materials and the GRIN profile. The paper also proposed an efficient iterative algorithm capable of calculating the refractive indices, Abbe numbers and partial dispersions of material pairs from the optimized GRIN profiles. The new representation and the algorithm are used to optimize an F/2.5 GRIN singlet to diffraction-limited performance over the visible spectrum.
{"title":"Material optimization in the design of broadband gradient-index optics","authors":"Tianyi Yang, David H. Lippman, R. Chou, Nicholas S. Kochan, Ankur X. Desai, Greg R. Schmidt, J. Bentley, D. Moore","doi":"10.1117/12.2603644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603644","url":null,"abstract":"Gradient-index (GRIN) optics are commonly optimized with pre-determined materials, but the material choices limit the solution space of optimized index profiles. If the dispersive properties of the materials generating GRIN can be optimized, the performance of the optics can be further improved. This paper proposes a material concentration-based GRIN representation to replace the widely-used index-based representation, allowing simultaneous optimization of materials and the GRIN profile. The paper also proposed an efficient iterative algorithm capable of calculating the refractive indices, Abbe numbers and partial dispersions of material pairs from the optimized GRIN profiles. The new representation and the algorithm are used to optimize an F/2.5 GRIN singlet to diffraction-limited performance over the visible spectrum.","PeriodicalId":386109,"journal":{"name":"International Optical Design Conference","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131540618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1st-order color contributions of Seidel often lead to inaccurate results in complex designs. An extension of Seidel's color theory is applied and shows how different color aberrations are balanced for correcting a complex optical design example.
{"title":"New surface contributions for higher order color aberrations and chromatic variations of Seidel aberrations","authors":"A. Berner, H. Gross","doi":"10.1117/12.2603615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603615","url":null,"abstract":"1st-order color contributions of Seidel often lead to inaccurate results in complex designs. An extension of Seidel's color theory is applied and shows how different color aberrations are balanced for correcting a complex optical design example.","PeriodicalId":386109,"journal":{"name":"International Optical Design Conference","volume":"330 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134040756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Crowther, J. Rogers, J. Rodgers, M. Ravine, J. Bell, Jaques Laramee, J. Maki
Missions to Mars prior to the year 2020 have indicated that Mars once held liquid water. This may have provided an environment suitable for the existence of microbial life. The primary science mission of Mars 2020 is to explore the past habitability of Mars and to prepare and cache a set of samples for potential return to Earth by a future mission. A second mission of Mars 2020 is to demonstrate technologies that can be used for human exploration of Mars. The mission duration of Mars 2020 is 1 Mars year, 668 sols or 1.88 Earth years. To fulfill the mission of Mars 2020, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) chose to send a rover, Perseverence, to the surface of Mars. Perseverance is the latest and most sophisticated Mars rover from NASA. It was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida on July 30, 20201. After a cruise of approximately five and one-half months, it was successfully delivered to Jezero Crater on the surface of Mars on February 18, 2021. The pictures and video of its delivery were viewed with anticipation and awe around the world. However, some of us waited with equal anticipation for another moment, the posting of the first Mastcam-Z images. The Mars 2020 rover, Perseverance, includes 25 cameras, including 2 on the helicopter Ingenuity. There are 16 engineering cameras and 7 science cameras. Two of the science cameras enable the first-ever color imaging in stereo at variable magnification. These two cameras are the Mastcam-Z cameras, which are both mounted on the Remote Sensing Mast, separated by approximately 244 mm. The two Mastcam-Z cameras each make use of the first zoom lenses in interplanetary or deep space applications, which is the reason for the “Z” in the name of the camera (Mast Camera Zoom). In addition to their zoom capability, the lenses can be focused over a broad range of object distances. The optical design of these lenses is interesting in its development and deployment.
{"title":"Optical design of the Mastcam-Z lenses","authors":"B. Crowther, J. Rogers, J. Rodgers, M. Ravine, J. Bell, Jaques Laramee, J. Maki","doi":"10.1117/12.2603621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603621","url":null,"abstract":"Missions to Mars prior to the year 2020 have indicated that Mars once held liquid water. This may have provided an environment suitable for the existence of microbial life. The primary science mission of Mars 2020 is to explore the past habitability of Mars and to prepare and cache a set of samples for potential return to Earth by a future mission. A second mission of Mars 2020 is to demonstrate technologies that can be used for human exploration of Mars. The mission duration of Mars 2020 is 1 Mars year, 668 sols or 1.88 Earth years. To fulfill the mission of Mars 2020, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) chose to send a rover, Perseverence, to the surface of Mars. Perseverance is the latest and most sophisticated Mars rover from NASA. It was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida on July 30, 20201. After a cruise of approximately five and one-half months, it was successfully delivered to Jezero Crater on the surface of Mars on February 18, 2021. The pictures and video of its delivery were viewed with anticipation and awe around the world. However, some of us waited with equal anticipation for another moment, the posting of the first Mastcam-Z images. The Mars 2020 rover, Perseverance, includes 25 cameras, including 2 on the helicopter Ingenuity. There are 16 engineering cameras and 7 science cameras. Two of the science cameras enable the first-ever color imaging in stereo at variable magnification. These two cameras are the Mastcam-Z cameras, which are both mounted on the Remote Sensing Mast, separated by approximately 244 mm. The two Mastcam-Z cameras each make use of the first zoom lenses in interplanetary or deep space applications, which is the reason for the “Z” in the name of the camera (Mast Camera Zoom). In addition to their zoom capability, the lenses can be focused over a broad range of object distances. The optical design of these lenses is interesting in its development and deployment.","PeriodicalId":386109,"journal":{"name":"International Optical Design Conference","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133851243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some useful displays that reveal structural performance of lens systems are presented and discussed. They are useful for gleaning into how lenses work, their problems, and their imaging potential. An imaging simulation of a square wave is also presented to complement MTF plots.
{"title":"Some lens structural performance displays","authors":"J. Sasián","doi":"10.1117/12.2603640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603640","url":null,"abstract":"Some useful displays that reveal structural performance of lens systems are presented and discussed. They are useful for gleaning into how lenses work, their problems, and their imaging potential. An imaging simulation of a square wave is also presented to complement MTF plots.","PeriodicalId":386109,"journal":{"name":"International Optical Design Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121075241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoom lenses have greatly improved to the extent that today many major performance characteristics are now equal to or come close to matching those of fixed focal length lenses. Some of these characteristics including size, weight, cost, producibility and general image performance are dependent on widely differing technologies. For example, optical design, coatings, refractive materials, surface types and the use of computers with suitable optical design software are just some of the technologies that when combined have driven the continuous development of zoom lenses and their optical designs.
{"title":"Evolution of zoom lens optical design technology and manufacture","authors":"Iain A. Neil","doi":"10.1117/12.2603653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603653","url":null,"abstract":"Zoom lenses have greatly improved to the extent that today many major performance characteristics are now equal to or come close to matching those of fixed focal length lenses. Some of these characteristics including size, weight, cost, producibility and general image performance are dependent on widely differing technologies. For example, optical design, coatings, refractive materials, surface types and the use of computers with suitable optical design software are just some of the technologies that when combined have driven the continuous development of zoom lenses and their optical designs.","PeriodicalId":386109,"journal":{"name":"International Optical Design Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124072186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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