Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10428
Jossandra de Jesus Silva do Nascimento, Maria Betânia Martins da Silva Ferreira, Catiana da Conceição Vieira Melquíades, J. Bendini
This study aimed to assess infestation levels of the mite Varroa destructor and microspore Nosema spp. in apiaries in the Picos microregion of Piauí state, Brazil, during the dry season. To that end, bees were collected (n=31) from 19 apiaries between September and October 2016. Infestation levels of the parasites were analyzed at the Laboratory of the Bee Technology Center, an institution affiliated with the Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros Campus of the Federal University of Piauí. Varroa destructor was identified in 54% of the colonies, with infestation levels varying from 0 to 10.54%, and an average of 3.31% ± 4.12. Analysis of Nosema spp. revealed that all the colonies sampled exhibited microsporidia, albeit at low (1 to 1.4 spores/bee) and very low levels (0.35 to 0.95 spores/bee) of infestation. Given the relevance of beekeeping in the semiarid region of Piauí, it was concluded that although infestation levels were deemed low, there is a need to regularly monitor the health of colonies in the apiaries.
{"title":"Infestation levels of Varroa destructor and Nosema spp. in africanized bee (Apis mellifera) colonies during the dry season in the semiarid region of Piauí state","authors":"Jossandra de Jesus Silva do Nascimento, Maria Betânia Martins da Silva Ferreira, Catiana da Conceição Vieira Melquíades, J. Bendini","doi":"10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10428","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess infestation levels of the mite Varroa destructor and microspore Nosema spp. in apiaries in the Picos microregion of Piauí state, Brazil, during the dry season. To that end, bees were collected (n=31) from 19 apiaries between September and October 2016. Infestation levels of the parasites were analyzed at the Laboratory of the Bee Technology Center, an institution affiliated with the Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros Campus of the Federal University of Piauí. Varroa destructor was identified in 54% of the colonies, with infestation levels varying from 0 to 10.54%, and an average of 3.31% ± 4.12. Analysis of Nosema spp. revealed that all the colonies sampled exhibited microsporidia, albeit at low (1 to 1.4 spores/bee) and very low levels (0.35 to 0.95 spores/bee) of infestation. Given the relevance of beekeeping in the semiarid region of Piauí, it was concluded that although infestation levels were deemed low, there is a need to regularly monitor the health of colonies in the apiaries.","PeriodicalId":38626,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brasilica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41698480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10159
Thays Ribeiro Pacó, Caroline Coelho Rocha, Zacarias Jacinto de Souza Júnior, J. M. A. P. Antunes
Interventricular septal defect (IVSD) is a congenital heart disease characterized by communication or non-closure of the interventricular septum in the embryonic or postnatal period, causing a failure in the separation between the systemic and pulmonary circulation. The severity of the hemodynamic consequences depends on the extent of the defect and the magnitude of the flow through it. Blood flow commonly occurs from left to right, because systemic vascular resistance is greater than pulmonary resistance. This report describes the echocardiographic findings in a 4-year-old male Poodle treated at the Veterinary Hospital with a history of exercise intolerance, cyanosis and episodes of syncope. On echocardiography, perimembranous IVSD was diagnosed with atrial and right ventricular dilatation, discontinuity of the interventricular septum in the subaortic region measuring approximately 5 mm. In the Doppler evaluation, reverse turbulent flow was evidenced, characterizing shunt from right to left (Eisenmenger syndrome). Despite preserved systolic function, abnormal relaxation was observed. Doppler echocardiography was a fundamental complementary imaging test for the diagnosis of this congenital heart disease since its suspicion is not commonly raised in adult patients. Doppler echocardiography allowed us to identify the defect, define its size and extension, determine the direction of blood flow as well as its hemodynamic consequences.
{"title":"Echocardiographic diagnosis of interventricular septum defect with Eisenmenger syndrome in an adult dog - case report","authors":"Thays Ribeiro Pacó, Caroline Coelho Rocha, Zacarias Jacinto de Souza Júnior, J. M. A. P. Antunes","doi":"10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10159","url":null,"abstract":"Interventricular septal defect (IVSD) is a congenital heart disease characterized by communication or non-closure of the interventricular septum in the embryonic or postnatal period, causing a failure in the separation between the systemic and pulmonary circulation. The severity of the hemodynamic consequences depends on the extent of the defect and the magnitude of the flow through it. Blood flow commonly occurs from left to right, because systemic vascular resistance is greater than pulmonary resistance. This report describes the echocardiographic findings in a 4-year-old male Poodle treated at the Veterinary Hospital with a history of exercise intolerance, cyanosis and episodes of syncope. On echocardiography, perimembranous IVSD was diagnosed with atrial and right ventricular dilatation, discontinuity of the interventricular septum in the subaortic region measuring approximately 5 mm. In the Doppler evaluation, reverse turbulent flow was evidenced, characterizing shunt from right to left (Eisenmenger syndrome). Despite preserved systolic function, abnormal relaxation was observed. Doppler echocardiography was a fundamental complementary imaging test for the diagnosis of this congenital heart disease since its suspicion is not commonly raised in adult patients. Doppler echocardiography allowed us to identify the defect, define its size and extension, determine the direction of blood flow as well as its hemodynamic consequences.","PeriodicalId":38626,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brasilica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45939194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10311
Andrez Pastorello Bohn, A. D. Vieira, Thomaz Lucia Júnior, B. Gasperin, R. Mondadori
Embryo cryopreservation methods have been used for commercialization and formation of genetic banks. Cryopreservation of equine embryos <300 μm in diameter, collected at days 6-6.5 after ovulation, allows satisfactory pregnancy rates. However, higher embryo collection rates in mares are obtained when uterine flush is performed between days 7 and 8 after ovulation when embryos are >300 μm in diameter, needing blastocoel collapse for satisfactory resistance to cryopreservation by vitrification. To evaluate the viability of simplified blastocoel collapse by embryo puncture with low technology and low-cost equipment, 22 embryos, collected at day 8 post-ovulation (D8), were allocated to the following groups: (1) micropuncture with a 30 G needle, assisted by a mechanical micromanipulator, before vitrification (n=4); (2) manual blade microsection before vitrification (n=6); (3) no manipulation prior to vitrification (n=8); and (4) freshly inovulated embryos (n=4). Despite the high re-expansion rates observed after vitrification, embryos manipulated prior to vitrification (groups MP and MS) did not result in pregnancy 25 days after transfer. On the other hand, embryos from groups NM (non-micromanipulated) and FR (freshly inovulated) resulted in pregnancies at 25 days. Under the conditions of the present study, manual blastocoel collapse was not efficient in increasing cryotolerance to vitrification among large embryos, requiring improvements to obtain pregnancies.
{"title":"Manual collapse of blastocoels in not effective in increasing the viability of vitrified equine embryos","authors":"Andrez Pastorello Bohn, A. D. Vieira, Thomaz Lucia Júnior, B. Gasperin, R. Mondadori","doi":"10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10311","url":null,"abstract":"Embryo cryopreservation methods have been used for commercialization and formation of genetic banks. Cryopreservation of equine embryos <300 μm in diameter, collected at days 6-6.5 after ovulation, allows satisfactory pregnancy rates. However, higher embryo collection rates in mares are obtained when uterine flush is performed between days 7 and 8 after ovulation when embryos are >300 μm in diameter, needing blastocoel collapse for satisfactory resistance to cryopreservation by vitrification. To evaluate the viability of simplified blastocoel collapse by embryo puncture with low technology and low-cost equipment, 22 embryos, collected at day 8 post-ovulation (D8), were allocated to the following groups: (1) micropuncture with a 30 G needle, assisted by a mechanical micromanipulator, before vitrification (n=4); (2) manual blade microsection before vitrification (n=6); (3) no manipulation prior to vitrification (n=8); and (4) freshly inovulated embryos (n=4). Despite the high re-expansion rates observed after vitrification, embryos manipulated prior to vitrification (groups MP and MS) did not result in pregnancy 25 days after transfer. On the other hand, embryos from groups NM (non-micromanipulated) and FR (freshly inovulated) resulted in pregnancies at 25 days. Under the conditions of the present study, manual blastocoel collapse was not efficient in increasing cryotolerance to vitrification among large embryos, requiring improvements to obtain pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":38626,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brasilica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41806240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10265
Larissa de Sant’ Ana Alves, Byatriz Christina Soares Benevides, Camila Carneiro Araújo, Ana Karoline Rocha Vieira, Darlla Whaianny Fernandes de Lima, L. D. C. Demoner
The persistence of the fourth right aortic arch (PRAA) is a congenital malformation that affects the heart base’s main vessels. Surgical treatment is recommended and should be advocated as a matter of urgency. In this context, efficient anesthesia planning is necessary, with satisfactory analgesia, associating multimodal techniques with regional blocks. The present work aims to report the anesthetic procedure during corrective surgery for PRAA in a dog. Neuroleptanalgesia was intramuscularly performed, using acepromazine (0.015 mg.kg-1) and methadone (0.3 mg.kg-1) in pre-anesthetic medication. Ketamine (1 mg.kg-1) and propofol (3 mg.kg-1) were administered at induction, both intravenously, followed by maintenance using total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (initial rate of 0.4 mg.kg-1 .minute) and remifentanil, (0.2 mcg.kg.-1.minute). In addition, ultrasound-guided regional intercostal block was performed, with 5% bupivacaine without vasoconstrictor (0.05ml.kg-1). Ketamine infusion was postoperatively maintained for one hour. The instituted protocol proved to be satisfactory in controlling trans and postoperative pain, maintaining all parameters stable during and after the procedure, without any intercurrence. Thus, the protocol provided quality recovery to the patient.
{"title":"Multimodal anesthesia associated with regional block in a dog who underwent corrective surgery for persistent right aortic arch: case report","authors":"Larissa de Sant’ Ana Alves, Byatriz Christina Soares Benevides, Camila Carneiro Araújo, Ana Karoline Rocha Vieira, Darlla Whaianny Fernandes de Lima, L. D. C. Demoner","doi":"10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10265","url":null,"abstract":"The persistence of the fourth right aortic arch (PRAA) is a congenital malformation that affects the heart base’s main vessels. Surgical treatment is recommended and should be advocated as a matter of urgency. In this context, efficient anesthesia planning is necessary, with satisfactory analgesia, associating multimodal techniques with regional blocks. The present work aims to report the anesthetic procedure during corrective surgery for PRAA in a dog. Neuroleptanalgesia was intramuscularly performed, using acepromazine (0.015 mg.kg-1) and methadone (0.3 mg.kg-1) in pre-anesthetic medication. Ketamine (1 mg.kg-1) and propofol (3 mg.kg-1) were administered at induction, both intravenously, followed by maintenance using total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (initial rate of 0.4 mg.kg-1 .minute) and remifentanil, (0.2 mcg.kg.-1.minute). In addition, ultrasound-guided regional intercostal block was performed, with 5% bupivacaine without vasoconstrictor (0.05ml.kg-1). Ketamine infusion was postoperatively maintained for one hour. The instituted protocol proved to be satisfactory in controlling trans and postoperative pain, maintaining all parameters stable during and after the procedure, without any intercurrence. Thus, the protocol provided quality recovery to the patient.","PeriodicalId":38626,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brasilica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46055472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10425
D. L. D. Silva, M. Andrade, Danilo Cavalcanti Braz, R. Sousa, Mérik Rocha Silva, R. M. Monção
The use of an alternative technique to increase the germination of an legume species used in animal feed was investigated based on the effects of low-pressure plasma on the wettability, imbibition, and germination of seeds of Desmanthus virgatus. A conventional nitriding reactor with an argon atmosphere (Ar) and controlled temperature at 30º C was used to apply three different exposure times: 1, 3, and 5 minutes, with a set of intact seeds considered as the control. The experimental design was completely randomized, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability to analyze the different experimental conditions tested. The statistical analyses were performed with the software Origin 8.0. The apparent contact angle indicated an increase in the wettable surface with the treatment time, verifying the hydrophilic character of the plasma on the seed. Seeds treated for 3 and 5 minutes showed higher germination than the 1-minute treatment and untreated seeds. In the imbibition test, the leached solution showed lower conductivity in the treated samples than in the untreated sample, indicating less nutrient loss to the solution. The pH remained within the neutral range among the treated samples. The superficial changes in the seeds caused significant gains in the germination parameters, promoting improvement in the indices and rate of germination and contributing to the uniformity of the seed lot with the use of low-pressure plasma as a tool for breaking dormancy.
{"title":"Germination, wettability, and imbibition of dormant seeds of Desmanthus virgatus after low-pressure plasma treatment","authors":"D. L. D. Silva, M. Andrade, Danilo Cavalcanti Braz, R. Sousa, Mérik Rocha Silva, R. M. Monção","doi":"10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10425","url":null,"abstract":"The use of an alternative technique to increase the germination of an legume species used in animal feed was investigated based on the effects of low-pressure plasma on the wettability, imbibition, and germination of seeds of Desmanthus virgatus. A conventional nitriding reactor with an argon atmosphere (Ar) and controlled temperature at 30º C was used to apply three different exposure times: 1, 3, and 5 minutes, with a set of intact seeds considered as the control. The experimental design was completely randomized, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability to analyze the different experimental conditions tested. The statistical analyses were performed with the software Origin 8.0. The apparent contact angle indicated an increase in the wettable surface with the treatment time, verifying the hydrophilic character of the plasma on the seed. Seeds treated for 3 and 5 minutes showed higher germination than the 1-minute treatment and untreated seeds. In the imbibition test, the leached solution showed lower conductivity in the treated samples than in the untreated sample, indicating less nutrient loss to the solution. The pH remained within the neutral range among the treated samples. The superficial changes in the seeds caused significant gains in the germination parameters, promoting improvement in the indices and rate of germination and contributing to the uniformity of the seed lot with the use of low-pressure plasma as a tool for breaking dormancy.","PeriodicalId":38626,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brasilica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49372289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10437
Cristiane Bazaga Botelho, Rafaella Tortoriello Barbosa Sampaio, N. L. Lopes, J. I. Fernandes
Feline aural inflammatory polyps are non-neoplastic masses in the tympanic cavity or the Eustachian tube that can be observed in the ear canal of the cat and are a common cause of otitis externa and otitis media in young animals, with or without respiratory signs depending on the direction of polyp growth. Most of the polyps occurring in cats are unilateral. Otoscopy or video-otoscopy is necessary for its diagnosis, and treatment consists of the mechanical removal of the polyp and subsequent use of anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of this paper was to report a case of bilateral inflammatory aural polyps in a kitten treated successfully by the minimally invasive technique of per-endoscopic trans-tympanic traction. A seven-month-old female mixed-breed cat, presenting bilateral ear discharge, was submitted to endoscopic examination of both ears and polypoid masses observed in each horizontal canal. Both polyps were grasped and pulled with a polypectomy snare through the otoendoscope. The patient received dexamethasone immediately after the procedure and a long-term oral corticosteroid protocol was established post-avulsion. It was concluded that otoendoscopy allowed an accurate and quick diagnosis, that the mass removal by per-endoscopic trans-tympanic traction was an effective treatment with no complications, and that bilateral occurrences could indicate a differential diagnosis, especially in young cats.
{"title":"Bilateral inflammatory aural polyps in a kitten – case report","authors":"Cristiane Bazaga Botelho, Rafaella Tortoriello Barbosa Sampaio, N. L. Lopes, J. I. Fernandes","doi":"10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10437","url":null,"abstract":"Feline aural inflammatory polyps are non-neoplastic masses in the tympanic cavity or the Eustachian tube that can be observed in the ear canal of the cat and are a common cause of otitis externa and otitis media in young animals, with or without respiratory signs depending on the direction of polyp growth. Most of the polyps occurring in cats are unilateral. Otoscopy or video-otoscopy is necessary for its diagnosis, and treatment consists of the mechanical removal of the polyp and subsequent use of anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of this paper was to report a case of bilateral inflammatory aural polyps in a kitten treated successfully by the minimally invasive technique of per-endoscopic trans-tympanic traction. A seven-month-old female mixed-breed cat, presenting bilateral ear discharge, was submitted to endoscopic examination of both ears and polypoid masses observed in each horizontal canal. Both polyps were grasped and pulled with a polypectomy snare through the otoendoscope. The patient received dexamethasone immediately after the procedure and a long-term oral corticosteroid protocol was established post-avulsion. It was concluded that otoendoscopy allowed an accurate and quick diagnosis, that the mass removal by per-endoscopic trans-tympanic traction was an effective treatment with no complications, and that bilateral occurrences could indicate a differential diagnosis, especially in young cats.","PeriodicalId":38626,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brasilica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49037095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10246
J. Lima, Bismark Alves da Silva, Edson Teixeira Pereira, Alex Carlos da Silva França, H. I. P. Ferreira, Ana Luiza Cordeiro Gondim Guimarães
Problems related to the locomotor and gastrointestinal systems correspond to the highest percentage of clinical cases. However, diseases related to the respiratory system can result in low animal performance or even the animal’s removal from athletic life. This paper aims to report a case of permanent tracheotomy in a horse. The animal was treated at the Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia Veterinary Hospital - HOVET, with respiratory noise and dyspnea claims. In the anamnesis, the owner reported that the animal had been presenting respiratory difficulty for 20 days. On physical examination, respiratory noise and dyspnea were noted. Endoscopy was performed, from which a marked decrease in the arytenoid cartilage movement on the right and left sides was noted. It was possible to diagnose a stage IV case of bilateral laryngeal hemiplegia, combining clinical signs with endoscopy findings. Thus, the surgical treatment of permanent tracheostomy was chosen. After surgery, drug therapy using antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs was performed. In addition, a nº 6 metal tracheostomy cannula was inserted. After 36 days of hospitalization, the animal was discharged with regression of clinical signs.
{"title":"Permanent tracheostomy in a horse: a case report","authors":"J. Lima, Bismark Alves da Silva, Edson Teixeira Pereira, Alex Carlos da Silva França, H. I. P. Ferreira, Ana Luiza Cordeiro Gondim Guimarães","doi":"10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10246","url":null,"abstract":"Problems related to the locomotor and gastrointestinal systems correspond to the highest percentage of clinical cases. However, diseases related to the respiratory system can result in low animal performance or even the animal’s removal from athletic life. This paper aims to report a case of permanent tracheotomy in a horse. The animal was treated at the Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia Veterinary Hospital - HOVET, with respiratory noise and dyspnea claims. In the anamnesis, the owner reported that the animal had been presenting respiratory difficulty for 20 days. On physical examination, respiratory noise and dyspnea were noted. Endoscopy was performed, from which a marked decrease in the arytenoid cartilage movement on the right and left sides was noted. It was possible to diagnose a stage IV case of bilateral laryngeal hemiplegia, combining clinical signs with endoscopy findings. Thus, the surgical treatment of permanent tracheostomy was chosen. After surgery, drug therapy using antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs was performed. In addition, a nº 6 metal tracheostomy cannula was inserted. After 36 days of hospitalization, the animal was discharged with regression of clinical signs.","PeriodicalId":38626,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brasilica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44794643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10464
L. Araújo, Ê. C. D. Silva, T. Andrade, Aderson Martins Viana Neto, J. N. B. Evangelista, Amanda D M Matos
Circovirus is widespread in pig farming, and mainly affects piglets increasing morbidity and mortality rates, being vaccination the most effective strategy to control one. However, for an effective vaccine response, certain factors must be considered, such as the adoption of good practices during the conservation and handling of vaccines, environmental challenges, nutritional and health status of the animals, and presence of immunosuppressive agents, such as mycotoxins, in the feed. Here, we describe a circovirus outbreak associated with mycotoxin immunosuppression that occurred in the piglets during the nursery phase at a commercial farm, which initiated with a sudden increase in the mortality of vaccinated piglets. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using RT-PCR, while the feed was subjected to mycotoxicological analysis. RT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) in the blood serum samples, thereby confirming the circovirus outbreak. The feed analysis revealed elevated levels of mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, aflatoxins, and fumonisins), which were above the levels tolerated by the piglets during the nursery phase. Therefore, the contaminated feed was discarded, and a new ration was made available. Concurrently, the vaccination program was amended to normalize the mortality rate. The presence of mycotoxins in the feed could be the predisposed factor for piglet infection caused by PCV-2 and other diseases. This is an important aspect because the immunosuppressive effect of mycotoxins can alter the vaccine response, thereby making the piglets more susceptible to the diseases even after being vaccinated, although they should be immunologically protected.
{"title":"Association of porcine circovirus infection with mycotoxicosis: a case report","authors":"L. Araújo, Ê. C. D. Silva, T. Andrade, Aderson Martins Viana Neto, J. N. B. Evangelista, Amanda D M Matos","doi":"10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2022.16.1.10464","url":null,"abstract":"Circovirus is widespread in pig farming, and mainly affects piglets increasing morbidity and mortality rates, being vaccination the most effective strategy to control one. However, for an effective vaccine response, certain factors must be considered, such as the adoption of good practices during the conservation and handling of vaccines, environmental challenges, nutritional and health status of the animals, and presence of immunosuppressive agents, such as mycotoxins, in the feed. Here, we describe a circovirus outbreak associated with mycotoxin immunosuppression that occurred in the piglets during the nursery phase at a commercial farm, which initiated with a sudden increase in the mortality of vaccinated piglets. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using RT-PCR, while the feed was subjected to mycotoxicological analysis. RT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) in the blood serum samples, thereby confirming the circovirus outbreak. The feed analysis revealed elevated levels of mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, aflatoxins, and fumonisins), which were above the levels tolerated by the piglets during the nursery phase. Therefore, the contaminated feed was discarded, and a new ration was made available. Concurrently, the vaccination program was amended to normalize the mortality rate. The presence of mycotoxins in the feed could be the predisposed factor for piglet infection caused by PCV-2 and other diseases. This is an important aspect because the immunosuppressive effect of mycotoxins can alter the vaccine response, thereby making the piglets more susceptible to the diseases even after being vaccinated, although they should be immunologically protected.","PeriodicalId":38626,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brasilica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45945981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-05DOI: 10.21708/avb.2021.15.4.10171
Melânia Meneses Lima, Siluana Benvindo Ferreira, Í. R. R. Albuquerque, Carlos Kaiser Ferreira de Meneses, L. C. S. Feitosa, K. R. S. Sousa, I. A. Carvalho
This study aimed to evaluate the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. Ten slaughterhouses were visited, using a checklist as an evaluation criterion, seeking to assess the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of facilities, equipment, handlers, environment, production, and food transportation, during the entire slaughtering process, to verify compliance with current legislation. The slaughterhouses visited (10 / 100%) had no Official Inspection Service and did not obey the rules established by legislation, showing precarious physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of operation. Most of the establishments (9 / 90%) were located in the urban area and one (10%) in the rural area. None of them followed the animal welfare recommendations. Moreover, seven (70%) establishments had no waste treatment and the residues were dumped in an open area. Therefore, it was concluded that the hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in Parnaíba pose risks to meet quality and the health of slaughterhouses employees and people who consume the products from those establishments.
{"title":"Physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil","authors":"Melânia Meneses Lima, Siluana Benvindo Ferreira, Í. R. R. Albuquerque, Carlos Kaiser Ferreira de Meneses, L. C. S. Feitosa, K. R. S. Sousa, I. A. Carvalho","doi":"10.21708/avb.2021.15.4.10171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2021.15.4.10171","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. Ten slaughterhouses were visited, using a checklist as an evaluation criterion, seeking to assess the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of facilities, equipment, handlers, environment, production, and food transportation, during the entire slaughtering process, to verify compliance with current legislation. The slaughterhouses visited (10 / 100%) had no Official Inspection Service and did not obey the rules established by legislation, showing precarious physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of operation. Most of the establishments (9 / 90%) were located in the urban area and one (10%) in the rural area. None of them followed the animal welfare recommendations. Moreover, seven (70%) establishments had no waste treatment and the residues were dumped in an open area. Therefore, it was concluded that the hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in Parnaíba pose risks to meet quality and the health of slaughterhouses employees and people who consume the products from those establishments.","PeriodicalId":38626,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brasilica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45702060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.21708/avb.2021.15.3.9629
L. C. S. Feitosa, Alécio Matos Pereira, A. A. Carvalho, Antônio de Sousa Junior, Kinulpe Honorato-Sampaio, A. R. Costa
There is increasing evidence as to the participation of the ovarian renin-angiotensin system in important reproductive processes. The inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) caused an increase in the rate of ovulation and pregnancy in the artificial insemination protocol has fixed time (TFIA). This study aimed to investigate the presence and location of Ang II, Ang- (1-7) and ACE2 in goat ovaries and the possibility of the involvement of these peptides in previous results. Ten ovaries from goats were collected in a slaughterhouse, washed in buffered PBS, perfused with protease inhibitor solution and processed for immunohistochemistry protocol. The search for peptides was performed using the avidin–biotin–peroxidase method. A strong immunoreactivity for Ang II in theca cells of antral follicles and corpus luteum was observed. Antral follicles (theca cells), corpus luteum and oocyte cytoplasm in early antral follicles exhibited strong immunoreactivity for Ang-(1-7). There was strong immunoreactivity for ACE2 in the cytoplasm of luteal cells and theca cells of antral follicles. In this study, for the first time, the presence and location of Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 are reported in goat ovary, suggesting that there is participation in follicular development, oocyte maturation and corpus luteum development.
{"title":"Immunolocalization of angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin II and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in goat ovary","authors":"L. C. S. Feitosa, Alécio Matos Pereira, A. A. Carvalho, Antônio de Sousa Junior, Kinulpe Honorato-Sampaio, A. R. Costa","doi":"10.21708/avb.2021.15.3.9629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2021.15.3.9629","url":null,"abstract":"There is increasing evidence as to the participation of the ovarian renin-angiotensin system in important reproductive processes. The inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) caused an increase in the rate of ovulation and pregnancy in the artificial insemination protocol has fixed time (TFIA). This study aimed to investigate the presence and location of Ang II, Ang- (1-7) and ACE2 in goat ovaries and the possibility of the involvement of these peptides in previous results. Ten ovaries from goats were collected in a slaughterhouse, washed in buffered PBS, perfused with protease inhibitor solution and processed for immunohistochemistry protocol. The search for peptides was performed using the avidin–biotin–peroxidase method. A strong immunoreactivity for Ang II in theca cells of antral follicles and corpus luteum was observed. Antral follicles (theca cells), corpus luteum and oocyte cytoplasm in early antral follicles exhibited strong immunoreactivity for Ang-(1-7). There was strong immunoreactivity for ACE2 in the cytoplasm of luteal cells and theca cells of antral follicles. In this study, for the first time, the presence and location of Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 are reported in goat ovary, suggesting that there is participation in follicular development, oocyte maturation and corpus luteum development.","PeriodicalId":38626,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brasilica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44954197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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