Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521636
M. Rahman
The past twenty years have been an exciting period with tremendous advances in the development of interior permanent magnet (IPM) electrical machines. Over this period, the interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) have expanded their presence in the automotive marketplace of high-efficiency electric traction drives for the latest generation of electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV). Closer examination reveals that several different knowledge-based technological advancements and market forces have combined to accelerate the development of the impressive IPMSM drives technology. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief statement on impacts of the various factors that lead to the current state-of-the-art IPM motor technology, and to illustrate its application success in the automotive industry. Particularly, the impact of IPM machines on cost and reliability for EV and HEV applications is highlighted in the paper.
{"title":"Advances in Ecological Modern Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles","authors":"M. Rahman","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521636","url":null,"abstract":"The past twenty years have been an exciting period with tremendous advances in the development of interior permanent magnet (IPM) electrical machines. Over this period, the interior permanent magnet synchronous machines (IPMSM) have expanded their presence in the automotive marketplace of high-efficiency electric traction drives for the latest generation of electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV). Closer examination reveals that several different knowledge-based technological advancements and market forces have combined to accelerate the development of the impressive IPMSM drives technology. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief statement on impacts of the various factors that lead to the current state-of-the-art IPM motor technology, and to illustrate its application success in the automotive industry. Particularly, the impact of IPM machines on cost and reliability for EV and HEV applications is highlighted in the paper.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125477641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521571
A. D. Di Tommaso, F. Genduso, R. Miceli
In this paper a software developed for the determination of winding connections, the calculation of winding factors and the evaluation of their harmonic distribution of three and two phase windings is presented by using as input data simply the number of slots, pole pairs and phases. The software is implemented as a function in MATLAB environment. By means of some examples, covering the most relevant winding types, the capabilities of this software will be shown. Particularly, integer and fractional single and double layer winding can be treated. Some examples are presented and briefly discussed. The connections, the winding factor harmonic distribution, the electro-motive force (e.m.f) THD calculations results are shown together with an example on how is possible to determine the e.m.f. induced in a winding from the air gap flux distribution and to estimate the differential leakage inductance.
{"title":"A software for the evaluation of winding factor harmonic distribution in high efficiency electrical motors and generators","authors":"A. D. Di Tommaso, F. Genduso, R. Miceli","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521571","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a software developed for the determination of winding connections, the calculation of winding factors and the evaluation of their harmonic distribution of three and two phase windings is presented by using as input data simply the number of slots, pole pairs and phases. The software is implemented as a function in MATLAB environment. By means of some examples, covering the most relevant winding types, the capabilities of this software will be shown. Particularly, integer and fractional single and double layer winding can be treated. Some examples are presented and briefly discussed. The connections, the winding factor harmonic distribution, the electro-motive force (e.m.f) THD calculations results are shown together with an example on how is possible to determine the e.m.f. induced in a winding from the air gap flux distribution and to estimate the differential leakage inductance.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124736603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521549
F. Kadri, S. Drid, F. Djeffal, L. Chrifi-Alaoui
These days, electrical drives generally associate inverter and induction machine. Thus, these two elements must be taken into account in order to provide a relevant diagnosis of these electrical systems. The aim of this paper is to study the feasibility of fault detection and diagnosis in a three-phase inverter feeding an induction motor. The proposed approach is a neural network classification applied to the fault diagnosis of a field oriented drive of induction motor. Multilayer perception (MLP) networks are used to identify the type and location of occurring fault using the stator Concordia mean current vector. In the case of a single fault occurrence, a localization domain made with seven patterns is built. With the possibility of occurrence of two faults simultaneously, there are twenty-two different patterns. Simulated experimental results on 1.5-kW induction motor drives show the effectiveness of the proposed approach with a classification performance over than 95%.
{"title":"Neural classification method in fault detection and diagnosis for voltage source inverter in variable speed drive with induction motor","authors":"F. Kadri, S. Drid, F. Djeffal, L. Chrifi-Alaoui","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521549","url":null,"abstract":"These days, electrical drives generally associate inverter and induction machine. Thus, these two elements must be taken into account in order to provide a relevant diagnosis of these electrical systems. The aim of this paper is to study the feasibility of fault detection and diagnosis in a three-phase inverter feeding an induction motor. The proposed approach is a neural network classification applied to the fault diagnosis of a field oriented drive of induction motor. Multilayer perception (MLP) networks are used to identify the type and location of occurring fault using the stator Concordia mean current vector. In the case of a single fault occurrence, a localization domain made with seven patterns is built. With the possibility of occurrence of two faults simultaneously, there are twenty-two different patterns. Simulated experimental results on 1.5-kW induction motor drives show the effectiveness of the proposed approach with a classification performance over than 95%.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134353456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521550
Dong-min Miao, Jian-Xin Shen, D. Shi
This paper is focused on the designs and control strategies of permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG). Surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet machines are designed, with different machine parameters. Influence of the winding inductances on the voltage regulation and the short-circuit current of the PMSG with a diode rectifier is investigated, while the PMSG system with a PWM rectifier is supposed to obtain better performance and controllability, with little influence of the inductances. Furthermore, field-weakening method is proposed to extend the speed range, and the hysteresis current control method is employed to realize the field-weakening control. The field-weakening performance of the machines with different inductance values are then compared, so as to illustrate that a large d-axis inductance is preferable in order to obtain a good field-weakening effect.
{"title":"Permanent magnet synchronous generators with various designs and control strategies","authors":"Dong-min Miao, Jian-Xin Shen, D. Shi","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521550","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is focused on the designs and control strategies of permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG). Surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet machines are designed, with different machine parameters. Influence of the winding inductances on the voltage regulation and the short-circuit current of the PMSG with a diode rectifier is investigated, while the PMSG system with a PWM rectifier is supposed to obtain better performance and controllability, with little influence of the inductances. Furthermore, field-weakening method is proposed to extend the speed range, and the hysteresis current control method is employed to realize the field-weakening control. The field-weakening performance of the machines with different inductance values are then compared, so as to illustrate that a large d-axis inductance is preferable in order to obtain a good field-weakening effect.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116448026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521526
F. Keyrouz, M. Hamad, S. Georges
In the districts where solar energy and wind energy are naturally complementary, the combination of wind-solar generation systems can considerably reduce the storage capacity of batteries and the total cost of the system. But the efficient and reliable operation of these hybrid systems depends on 1) their availability at all times, and 2) the control strategies of their controller. We address the topic of a unified controller for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in distributed hybrid PV, wind and fuel-cell energy systems. The power produced by a PV module depends on the solar irradiance and temperature. The power produced by a wind turbine depends on the wind speed. The power produced by a fuel-cell depends on the level of hydrogen consumption. The maximum power controllers adaptively search and maintain operation at the maximum power point for changing irradiance, wind speed and hydrogen-consumption conditions, thus maximizing the system output power and consequently minimizing the overall system cost. A variety of conventional MPPT algorithms have been created for ideal conditions, not many algorithms were derived to extract true maximum power under abrupt changes in wind velocity, partial shading, and temperature conditions. Under these dynamically changing conditions, the conventional MPPT controllers can't find the true MPP (global MPP) and are often track to a local one. In this work, results are obtained for a tracking algorithm based on Bayesian information fusion combined with swarm intelligence. Compared to state-of-the-art trackers, the system achieves global maximum power tracking and higher efficiency for hybrid systems with different optimal current, caused by continuously changing environmental and load conditions.
{"title":"A novel unified maximum power point tracker for controlling a hybrid wind-solar and fuel-cell system","authors":"F. Keyrouz, M. Hamad, S. Georges","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521526","url":null,"abstract":"In the districts where solar energy and wind energy are naturally complementary, the combination of wind-solar generation systems can considerably reduce the storage capacity of batteries and the total cost of the system. But the efficient and reliable operation of these hybrid systems depends on 1) their availability at all times, and 2) the control strategies of their controller. We address the topic of a unified controller for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in distributed hybrid PV, wind and fuel-cell energy systems. The power produced by a PV module depends on the solar irradiance and temperature. The power produced by a wind turbine depends on the wind speed. The power produced by a fuel-cell depends on the level of hydrogen consumption. The maximum power controllers adaptively search and maintain operation at the maximum power point for changing irradiance, wind speed and hydrogen-consumption conditions, thus maximizing the system output power and consequently minimizing the overall system cost. A variety of conventional MPPT algorithms have been created for ideal conditions, not many algorithms were derived to extract true maximum power under abrupt changes in wind velocity, partial shading, and temperature conditions. Under these dynamically changing conditions, the conventional MPPT controllers can't find the true MPP (global MPP) and are often track to a local one. In this work, results are obtained for a tracking algorithm based on Bayesian information fusion combined with swarm intelligence. Compared to state-of-the-art trackers, the system achieves global maximum power tracking and higher efficiency for hybrid systems with different optimal current, caused by continuously changing environmental and load conditions.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120913817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521595
Z. Belli, M. Mekidèche
Magnet segmentation is an effective and simple technique for eddy current losses reduction in high power permanent magnets electrical machines. This work aims to study the magnets segmentation effects on eddy current losses in magnets. First, an analysis of eddy currents and associated losses in magnets is made. After, the magnets segmentation effects on losses reduction in the range of the industrial frequencies from few Hz to dozen of kHz are investigated. To achieve these tasks, a 2D non linear model based on finite element analysis is developed under MATLAB environment. The developed model is applied to a synchronous machine with surface mounted permanent magnets. In a second part of the work, we have adopted an optimization process which consists to associate the finite element analysis to genetic algorithm. In this stage of the work, we aim to find the best parameters of magnets segmentation and avoid any segmentations anomaly that appears under some conditions such as skin effect, and which can leads to losses increases instead of their reduction.
{"title":"Optimization of magnets segmentation for eddy current losses reduction in permanent magnets electrical machines","authors":"Z. Belli, M. Mekidèche","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521595","url":null,"abstract":"Magnet segmentation is an effective and simple technique for eddy current losses reduction in high power permanent magnets electrical machines. This work aims to study the magnets segmentation effects on eddy current losses in magnets. First, an analysis of eddy currents and associated losses in magnets is made. After, the magnets segmentation effects on losses reduction in the range of the industrial frequencies from few Hz to dozen of kHz are investigated. To achieve these tasks, a 2D non linear model based on finite element analysis is developed under MATLAB environment. The developed model is applied to a synchronous machine with surface mounted permanent magnets. In a second part of the work, we have adopted an optimization process which consists to associate the finite element analysis to genetic algorithm. In this stage of the work, we aim to find the best parameters of magnets segmentation and avoid any segmentations anomaly that appears under some conditions such as skin effect, and which can leads to losses increases instead of their reduction.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117130709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521634
Frédéric Gustin, D. Bienaimé, Marie-Cécile Péra, Alain Berthon
This paper will present energy flow management in order to optimize the voltage regulation of an hybrid electric system which may consist on a main renewable energy source (small windmill, photovoltaic) and lead-acid batteries energy storage system. This system is designed for small power use (few kW) for an islanded DC network. From the point of view of the need of a constant DC power voltage, whatever the load current fluctuation, this paper will propose to study the energy flow between the source and the energy storage source using EMR methodology (Energetic Macroscopic Representation) [1]. An experimental setup has been carried out in order to validate this approach.
{"title":"Energy flow management strategy in an hybrid DC multisource system","authors":"Frédéric Gustin, D. Bienaimé, Marie-Cécile Péra, Alain Berthon","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521634","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will present energy flow management in order to optimize the voltage regulation of an hybrid electric system which may consist on a main renewable energy source (small windmill, photovoltaic) and lead-acid batteries energy storage system. This system is designed for small power use (few kW) for an islanded DC network. From the point of view of the need of a constant DC power voltage, whatever the load current fluctuation, this paper will propose to study the energy flow between the source and the energy storage source using EMR methodology (Energetic Macroscopic Representation) [1]. An experimental setup has been carried out in order to validate this approach.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126970030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521561
L. Yousfi, A. Bouchemha, M. Bechouat, A. Boukrouche
This paper, deals with meta-heuristics methods such as Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for parameters identification of induction machine. The considered method consists on minimizing quadratic criterion that represents the difference between measured rotor mechanical speed and those computed from the simulated model. The obtained results by simulation show that the method based on particle swarm optimization is more efficient than genetic algorithms in terms of convergence speed and gives optimal solution.
{"title":"Induction machine parameter identification: A comparison between GAs and PSO approaches","authors":"L. Yousfi, A. Bouchemha, M. Bechouat, A. Boukrouche","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521561","url":null,"abstract":"This paper, deals with meta-heuristics methods such as Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for parameters identification of induction machine. The considered method consists on minimizing quadratic criterion that represents the difference between measured rotor mechanical speed and those computed from the simulated model. The obtained results by simulation show that the method based on particle swarm optimization is more efficient than genetic algorithms in terms of convergence speed and gives optimal solution.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125669139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521546
Nisaar Ahmed, Markus Mueller
Computational fluid dynamic models based on the LIMPET OWC turbo generation section were created to investigate how airflow impingement created by a rotating turbine directly upstream increased the heat transfer away from an electrical generator, and how this could be increased by adjusting the clearance between the turbine tips and shroud. It was found that reducing the clearance had consistent beneficial effects on both the turbine performance and generator cooling due to a greater utilisation of airflow after the tip gap.
{"title":"Impact of varying clearances for the Wells turbine on heat transfer from electrical generators in oscillating water columns","authors":"Nisaar Ahmed, Markus Mueller","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521546","url":null,"abstract":"Computational fluid dynamic models based on the LIMPET OWC turbo generation section were created to investigate how airflow impingement created by a rotating turbine directly upstream increased the heat transfer away from an electrical generator, and how this could be increased by adjusting the clearance between the turbine tips and shroud. It was found that reducing the clearance had consistent beneficial effects on both the turbine performance and generator cooling due to a greater utilisation of airflow after the tip gap.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130798855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521593
B. Bidoggia, S. Kær
Fuel cells are getting growing interest in both backup systems and electric vehicles. Although these systems are characterized by periods of standby, they must be able to start at any instant in the shortest possible time. However, the membranes of which proton exchange membrane fuel cells are made, tend to gradually dry out when the fuel cell is not operating, increasing the time required to start up the system. A precise estimation of the hydration status of the membrane during standby is thus important for the design of a fuel cell system capable of a fast and safe start up. In previous works, the measurement of the complex impedance of a fuel cell stack during standby is used as an index of its membrane hydration status. In this article, the complex impedance of a fuel cell stack has been measured and characterized as a function of relative humidity and temperature. A non-conventional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique has been used, allowing the performance of a fuel cell diagnostic when the fuel cell stack does not contain any hydrogen, which would otherwise not be possible. The results appeared to confirm that measuring the impedance of an entire fuel cell stack could be a viable way for estimating the hydration status and the temperature of its membrane before the system is started up. A summarizing table with the complete characterization of the fuel cell stack is included in this article.
{"title":"Estimation of membrane hydration status for standby proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems by impedance measurement: First results on variable temperature stack characterization","authors":"B. Bidoggia, S. Kær","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521593","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel cells are getting growing interest in both backup systems and electric vehicles. Although these systems are characterized by periods of standby, they must be able to start at any instant in the shortest possible time. However, the membranes of which proton exchange membrane fuel cells are made, tend to gradually dry out when the fuel cell is not operating, increasing the time required to start up the system. A precise estimation of the hydration status of the membrane during standby is thus important for the design of a fuel cell system capable of a fast and safe start up. In previous works, the measurement of the complex impedance of a fuel cell stack during standby is used as an index of its membrane hydration status. In this article, the complex impedance of a fuel cell stack has been measured and characterized as a function of relative humidity and temperature. A non-conventional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique has been used, allowing the performance of a fuel cell diagnostic when the fuel cell stack does not contain any hydrogen, which would otherwise not be possible. The results appeared to confirm that measuring the impedance of an entire fuel cell stack could be a viable way for estimating the hydration status and the temperature of its membrane before the system is started up. A summarizing table with the complete characterization of the fuel cell stack is included in this article.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132354284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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