Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521606
R. Vrenken, J. Duarte, C. Wijnands, K. Boynov, E. Lomonova, S. Bervoets, S. Faid
The presented work is dedicated to the development of the control approaches with the aim to reduce the torque ripple of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) used as a prime mover in the full electric vehicle (FEV). In the previous paper the static and transient models created with the use of finite element method (FEM) software and Matlab/Simulink respectively together with optimization of the control are presented. This paper is primarily focused on the experimental verifications of the mathematical models and control methods together with their implementation on the prototype electric vehicle.
{"title":"Switched reluctance motor drive for full electric vehicles - Part II: Practical implementation","authors":"R. Vrenken, J. Duarte, C. Wijnands, K. Boynov, E. Lomonova, S. Bervoets, S. Faid","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521606","url":null,"abstract":"The presented work is dedicated to the development of the control approaches with the aim to reduce the torque ripple of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) used as a prime mover in the full electric vehicle (FEV). In the previous paper the static and transient models created with the use of finite element method (FEM) software and Matlab/Simulink respectively together with optimization of the control are presented. This paper is primarily focused on the experimental verifications of the mathematical models and control methods together with their implementation on the prototype electric vehicle.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127264971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521631
K. Belmokhtar, M. Doumbia, K. Agbossou
This paper presents an alkaline electrolyzer (AE) modelling based on artificial neural networks (ANN). Artificial neural networks can be applied to develop models for predicting the performance of complex and nonlinear systems. An alkaline electrolyzer behavior was modeled with success using a Multilayer Perceptron Network (MLP). The dynamic model which is used has been trained by using a Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation algorithm to learn the relationships that govern the electrolyzer and then predict its behavior without any physical equations. The absorbed electric current and the operating temperature were used as input vector of the neural networks which allows to predict the cell voltage behavior. The performance of this predictive neural network model is carried out using Matlab/Simulink software. Simulation results show that this predictive model estimated accurately the electrolyzer's cell voltage with the tracking errors within ± 0.01 V, which is less than ± 0.44 %.
{"title":"Dynamic model of an alkaline electrolyzer based an artificial neural networks","authors":"K. Belmokhtar, M. Doumbia, K. Agbossou","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521631","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an alkaline electrolyzer (AE) modelling based on artificial neural networks (ANN). Artificial neural networks can be applied to develop models for predicting the performance of complex and nonlinear systems. An alkaline electrolyzer behavior was modeled with success using a Multilayer Perceptron Network (MLP). The dynamic model which is used has been trained by using a Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation algorithm to learn the relationships that govern the electrolyzer and then predict its behavior without any physical equations. The absorbed electric current and the operating temperature were used as input vector of the neural networks which allows to predict the cell voltage behavior. The performance of this predictive neural network model is carried out using Matlab/Simulink software. Simulation results show that this predictive model estimated accurately the electrolyzer's cell voltage with the tracking errors within ± 0.01 V, which is less than ± 0.44 %.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121665600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521605
R. Vrenken, J. Duarte, C. Wijnands, K. Boynov, E. Lomonova, S. Bervoets, S. Faid
This paper describes a control approach to reduce the torque ripple of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) employed as a prime mover in a full electric vehicle (FEV). The SRM drive, which was originally installed in the prototype electric vehicle was facing significant torque ripple at low speeds. The implemented control solution allowed to overcome this problem. The presented approach is based on the extensive mathematical modeling of the SRM drive. The nonlinear characteristics of the SRM have been obtained with the finite element method (FEM) software. The obtained FEM results have further been used in a transient lumped-parameter Matlab/Simulink model of the SRM drive, where the so-called Torque Sharing Function control technique with optimized control parameters was implemented to reduce the torque ripple and also to increase efficiency.
{"title":"Switched reluctance motor drive for full electric vehicles - Part I: Analysis","authors":"R. Vrenken, J. Duarte, C. Wijnands, K. Boynov, E. Lomonova, S. Bervoets, S. Faid","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521605","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a control approach to reduce the torque ripple of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) employed as a prime mover in a full electric vehicle (FEV). The SRM drive, which was originally installed in the prototype electric vehicle was facing significant torque ripple at low speeds. The implemented control solution allowed to overcome this problem. The presented approach is based on the extensive mathematical modeling of the SRM drive. The nonlinear characteristics of the SRM have been obtained with the finite element method (FEM) software. The obtained FEM results have further been used in a transient lumped-parameter Matlab/Simulink model of the SRM drive, where the so-called Torque Sharing Function control technique with optimized control parameters was implemented to reduce the torque ripple and also to increase efficiency.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128242350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521597
I. Bolvashenkov, H. Herzog
This paper describes the current results of laboratory test of centrifugal hydrogen generator is a continuation of previous publications on the subject. Authors proposed a new approach to creating a hydrogen generator based on the process of decomposition of water in an artificial centrifugal field based on the Tolman-Stewart effect [1]. In this paper, the authors attempt to systematic analysis of the processes in the hydrogen generator based on fractal theory and the results of a series of experimental studies conducted by other researchers. The results obtained allow conclude about the prospects of the proposed centrifugal hydrogen generator.
{"title":"Highly effective hydrogen production process based on Tolman-Stewart effect: Feasibility of its implementation","authors":"I. Bolvashenkov, H. Herzog","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521597","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the current results of laboratory test of centrifugal hydrogen generator is a continuation of previous publications on the subject. Authors proposed a new approach to creating a hydrogen generator based on the process of decomposition of water in an artificial centrifugal field based on the Tolman-Stewart effect [1]. In this paper, the authors attempt to systematic analysis of the processes in the hydrogen generator based on fractal theory and the results of a series of experimental studies conducted by other researchers. The results obtained allow conclude about the prospects of the proposed centrifugal hydrogen generator.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128021997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521576
M. Balato, M. Vitelli
In PV applications, under mismatching conditions, the adoption of a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique which is able to regulate not only the voltages of the PV modules of the array, but also the DC input voltage of the inverter is necessary in order to inject into the grid the maximum available energy. Such a technique can be considered an Hybrid MPPT (HMPPT) technique which is neither only distributed on the PV modules of the PV array or only centralized at the input of the inverter. In this paper a new HMPPT technique is presented and discussed. Its main advantages are the high MPPT efficiency and the high speed of tracking obtained by means of a fast estimate of the maximum power voltages of the PV modules and of the inverter. The new HMPPT technique is compared with a HMPPT technique based on the coupled adoption of the Perturb & Observe technique, distributed on the PV modules, and of a suitable centralized MPPT technique carried out by the controller of the central inverter and based on the periodic scan of the power versus voltage characteristic at the input of the inverter.
{"title":"A hybrid MPPT technique based on the fast estimate of the Maximum Power voltages in PV applications","authors":"M. Balato, M. Vitelli","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521576","url":null,"abstract":"In PV applications, under mismatching conditions, the adoption of a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique which is able to regulate not only the voltages of the PV modules of the array, but also the DC input voltage of the inverter is necessary in order to inject into the grid the maximum available energy. Such a technique can be considered an Hybrid MPPT (HMPPT) technique which is neither only distributed on the PV modules of the PV array or only centralized at the input of the inverter. In this paper a new HMPPT technique is presented and discussed. Its main advantages are the high MPPT efficiency and the high speed of tracking obtained by means of a fast estimate of the maximum power voltages of the PV modules and of the inverter. The new HMPPT technique is compared with a HMPPT technique based on the coupled adoption of the Perturb & Observe technique, distributed on the PV modules, and of a suitable centralized MPPT technique carried out by the controller of the central inverter and based on the periodic scan of the power versus voltage characteristic at the input of the inverter.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132133670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521607
M. Schier, F. Rinderknecht
In this paper innovative technologies from the aerospace research are presented, which are usable for a successful electric mobility of the future. They represent a selection of the German aerospace center research projects, where synergies between space and aviation applications as well as between rail and road traffic applications are used. The work relates to the fields of vehicle-energy concepts, alternative energy converters and lightweight design. Within the individual development projects hardware demonstrators were created and are shown here.
{"title":"Innovation examples for ecological vehicles based on aerospace research","authors":"M. Schier, F. Rinderknecht","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521607","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper innovative technologies from the aerospace research are presented, which are usable for a successful electric mobility of the future. They represent a selection of the German aerospace center research projects, where synergies between space and aviation applications as well as between rail and road traffic applications are used. The work relates to the fields of vehicle-energy concepts, alternative energy converters and lightweight design. Within the individual development projects hardware demonstrators were created and are shown here.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127081972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521598
S. Belfedhal, E. Berkouk, S. Kouadria, Y. Meslem
A serious problem of wind power generated is due to the important wind fluctuation. So, an energy storage system must be associated with the wind generator in the aim to improve the electric power quality and to increase the level of penetration in the network; in this paper a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is considered. It is well adapted because of its high dynamic, long lifetime and good efficiency. A speed control of the FESS associated to a variable speed wind generator (VSWG) based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is investigated. FESS consists of a power electronic converter supplying a squirrel-cage induction machine coupled to a flywheel. In order to validate the control method, the model of the system is simulated for different wind generator operating modes.
{"title":"Flywheel energy storage system with induction machine associated to a variable-speed wind generator","authors":"S. Belfedhal, E. Berkouk, S. Kouadria, Y. Meslem","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521598","url":null,"abstract":"A serious problem of wind power generated is due to the important wind fluctuation. So, an energy storage system must be associated with the wind generator in the aim to improve the electric power quality and to increase the level of penetration in the network; in this paper a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is considered. It is well adapted because of its high dynamic, long lifetime and good efficiency. A speed control of the FESS associated to a variable speed wind generator (VSWG) based on a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is investigated. FESS consists of a power electronic converter supplying a squirrel-cage induction machine coupled to a flywheel. In order to validate the control method, the model of the system is simulated for different wind generator operating modes.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121109576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521587
A. Blavette, D. O'Sullivan, Tony W. Lewis, Michael G. Egan
Still largely untapped, wave energy is particularly abundant and may represent an important share in the energy mix of many countries in the future. However, the power fluctuations generated by most wave energy converters with little to no storage means or without suitable control strategies may deteriorate the power quality of the local network to which wave farms will be connected. They may in particular generate an excessive level of flicker. The minimum amount of storage required for a wave farm to be grid compliant with respect to typical flicker requirements was investigated and is presented in the first part of this study. Besides giving rise to power quality issues, the rapid and high amplitude power peaks generated by wave devices may also render more complex the optimal dimensioning of the wave farm electrical components, whose cost is highly dependent on their power rating. This statement applies also to submarine cables, as the maximum current flowing potentially through them seems to be no longer a relevant criterion for determining their optimal current rating. Hence, the second part of the presented study focuses on the minimum current rating required from a submarine cable to avoid its thermal overloading.
{"title":"Dimensioning the equipment of a wave farm: Energy storage and cables","authors":"A. Blavette, D. O'Sullivan, Tony W. Lewis, Michael G. Egan","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521587","url":null,"abstract":"Still largely untapped, wave energy is particularly abundant and may represent an important share in the energy mix of many countries in the future. However, the power fluctuations generated by most wave energy converters with little to no storage means or without suitable control strategies may deteriorate the power quality of the local network to which wave farms will be connected. They may in particular generate an excessive level of flicker. The minimum amount of storage required for a wave farm to be grid compliant with respect to typical flicker requirements was investigated and is presented in the first part of this study. Besides giving rise to power quality issues, the rapid and high amplitude power peaks generated by wave devices may also render more complex the optimal dimensioning of the wave farm electrical components, whose cost is highly dependent on their power rating. This statement applies also to submarine cables, as the maximum current flowing potentially through them seems to be no longer a relevant criterion for determining their optimal current rating. Hence, the second part of the presented study focuses on the minimum current rating required from a submarine cable to avoid its thermal overloading.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114995582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521518
M. Balato, M. Vitelli
In this paper, a new control strategy allowing to optimize the performances of PV systems adopting Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (DMPPT), is presented and discussed. It is based on the estimate of the optimal operating range of the inverter input voltage and of the optimal operating voltages of the PV modules. The main advantage of the proposed technique is represented by the fast identification of a set of operating points for the inverter and for the PV modules, which allows to obtain a marked increase of the speed of tracking both of the inverter and of the DC/DC converters performing the DMPPT function. Moreover, a further advantage is represented by the possibility to avoid that, due to mistakes of the inverter MPPT technique, the operating value of the inverter input voltage remains trapped in the neighborhood of a suboptimal operating point.
{"title":"A new strategy for the identification of the optimal operating points in PV applications with Distributed MPPT","authors":"M. Balato, M. Vitelli","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521518","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new control strategy allowing to optimize the performances of PV systems adopting Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking (DMPPT), is presented and discussed. It is based on the estimate of the optimal operating range of the inverter input voltage and of the optimal operating voltages of the PV modules. The main advantage of the proposed technique is represented by the fast identification of a set of operating points for the inverter and for the PV modules, which allows to obtain a marked increase of the speed of tracking both of the inverter and of the DC/DC converters performing the DMPPT function. Moreover, a further advantage is represented by the possibility to avoid that, due to mistakes of the inverter MPPT technique, the operating value of the inverter input voltage remains trapped in the neighborhood of a suboptimal operating point.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128798917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521582
S. Jumayev, A. Borisavljevic, K. Boynov, Elena A. Lomonova, Juha Pyrhonen
Methods for force and torque calculations in permanent magnet (PM) machines with airgap windings are studied. Both analytical and numerical methods are applied to calculate the Lorentz force. The presented methods are applicable to various winding types and allow evaluating the geometry quickly. For a comparison of the methods a rhombic winding has been selected as a test case.
{"title":"Force and torque calculation methods for airgap windings in permanent magnet machines","authors":"S. Jumayev, A. Borisavljevic, K. Boynov, Elena A. Lomonova, Juha Pyrhonen","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521582","url":null,"abstract":"Methods for force and torque calculations in permanent magnet (PM) machines with airgap windings are studied. Both analytical and numerical methods are applied to calculate the Lorentz force. The presented methods are applicable to various winding types and allow evaluating the geometry quickly. For a comparison of the methods a rhombic winding has been selected as a test case.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130951257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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