Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521604
P. Caillard, F. Gillon, M. Hecquet, N. Janiaud
An optimized control strategy for induction machines is presented and compared to classic strategies. The described method allows to optimize voltage and frequency for a steady state equivalent circuit model of three-phase induction machine. This method is applied to an electric vehicle by simulating driving cycles and calculating energy consumption. The potential gain for the optimized control strategy is discussed.
{"title":"Influence of machine control strategy on electric vehicle range","authors":"P. Caillard, F. Gillon, M. Hecquet, N. Janiaud","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521604","url":null,"abstract":"An optimized control strategy for induction machines is presented and compared to classic strategies. The described method allows to optimize voltage and frequency for a steady state equivalent circuit model of three-phase induction machine. This method is applied to an electric vehicle by simulating driving cycles and calculating energy consumption. The potential gain for the optimized control strategy is discussed.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133873014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521577
Y. Tang, J. Paulides, E. Lomonova
Flux-switching machines (FSMs) are a strong candidate for in-wheel traction of electric vehicles. However, the winding topology of this type of machines still needs to be investigated. This paper proposes a general method for calculating the winding factor of flux switching machines (FSMs) using the numbers of phases, stator slots and rotor teeth. With this method, winding factors of FSMs with different number combinations of phases, phase slots, and rotor teeth are obtained and compared as an indication of their efficiencies. Based on the obtained winding factors, flux-switching machines with full-pitch distributed windings are proposed and analyzed.
{"title":"Topologies of flux-switching machines for in-wheel traction","authors":"Y. Tang, J. Paulides, E. Lomonova","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521577","url":null,"abstract":"Flux-switching machines (FSMs) are a strong candidate for in-wheel traction of electric vehicles. However, the winding topology of this type of machines still needs to be investigated. This paper proposes a general method for calculating the winding factor of flux switching machines (FSMs) using the numbers of phases, stator slots and rotor teeth. With this method, winding factors of FSMs with different number combinations of phases, phase slots, and rotor teeth are obtained and compared as an indication of their efficiencies. Based on the obtained winding factors, flux-switching machines with full-pitch distributed windings are proposed and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125340459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-05-30DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521545
B. Ekergård, M. Leijon
The aim of this paper is to presents a study and derived expressions of the magnetic flux density in the air-gap of the linear synchronous permanent magnet generator, utilized in the wave energy converter. The significance of a well-modelled magnetic flux density-term is important, when, for example, modelling the induced voltage and dimension the support structure due to the magnetic force between the stator and translator at no load situation.
{"title":"Ideal analytical expression of the magnetic circuit in a permanent magnet linear machine","authors":"B. Ekergård, M. Leijon","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521545","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to presents a study and derived expressions of the magnetic flux density in the air-gap of the linear synchronous permanent magnet generator, utilized in the wave energy converter. The significance of a well-modelled magnetic flux density-term is important, when, for example, modelling the induced voltage and dimension the support structure due to the magnetic force between the stator and translator at no load situation.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121517885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521569
D. Bosich, G. Sulligoi
The adoption of a hybrid electric propulsion system is a promising solution for luxury ship refitting, as it makes it possible to preserve the yacht architecture while introducing innovative technological elements to optimize energy use. Flexibility, comfort and efficiency can be effectively improved using electrical applications in ships. Low Voltage Direct Current (LVDC) distribution can represent a valid solution to achieve these important targets. A luxury ship refitting, based on the introduction of a hybrid electric propulsion and a LVDC distribution, is presented in this paper. Three different power conversion architectures are discussed. One architecture is adopted and analyzed, which utilizes fast DC/DC buck converters to interface generating systems to the grid. Buck converters operate as actuators of the LVDC bus voltage control system. The latter provides bus voltage regulation, load sharing and Active Damping of destabilizing Constant Power Loads.
{"title":"Voltage control on a refitted luxury yacht using hybrid electric propulsion and LVDC distribution","authors":"D. Bosich, G. Sulligoi","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521569","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of a hybrid electric propulsion system is a promising solution for luxury ship refitting, as it makes it possible to preserve the yacht architecture while introducing innovative technological elements to optimize energy use. Flexibility, comfort and efficiency can be effectively improved using electrical applications in ships. Low Voltage Direct Current (LVDC) distribution can represent a valid solution to achieve these important targets. A luxury ship refitting, based on the introduction of a hybrid electric propulsion and a LVDC distribution, is presented in this paper. Three different power conversion architectures are discussed. One architecture is adopted and analyzed, which utilizes fast DC/DC buck converters to interface generating systems to the grid. Buck converters operate as actuators of the LVDC bus voltage control system. The latter provides bus voltage regulation, load sharing and Active Damping of destabilizing Constant Power Loads.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115156448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521612
J. H. Leong, Z. Zhu, J. Liu
In conventional direct-torque controlled permanent-magnet brushless AC motor drives, the stator flux-linkage and electromagnetic torque are regulated using hysteresis controllers. Unlike the analog counterpart, a digital hysteresis controller operates at fixed sampling period and no control action can be taken between any two sampling instants. Consequently, the controlled variable in a discrete time hysteresis controller may exceed the predefined hysteresis band limits. When the conventional direct torque control scheme is employed, the stator flux-linkage and torque feedbacks are found to exceed the hysteresis band limits. Although the feedback stator flux-linkage goes beyond the band limits, its average tracks the commanded value relatively well. However, due to a significant difference between the rising and falling rates of the feedback electromagnetic torque, a steady-state torque tracking error is resulted. The steady-state torque tracking error can be minimized by employing an improved torque regulator with asymmetric hysteresis band limits.
{"title":"Minimization of steady-state torque tracking error in direct-torque controlled PM brushless AC drives","authors":"J. H. Leong, Z. Zhu, J. Liu","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521612","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional direct-torque controlled permanent-magnet brushless AC motor drives, the stator flux-linkage and electromagnetic torque are regulated using hysteresis controllers. Unlike the analog counterpart, a digital hysteresis controller operates at fixed sampling period and no control action can be taken between any two sampling instants. Consequently, the controlled variable in a discrete time hysteresis controller may exceed the predefined hysteresis band limits. When the conventional direct torque control scheme is employed, the stator flux-linkage and torque feedbacks are found to exceed the hysteresis band limits. Although the feedback stator flux-linkage goes beyond the band limits, its average tracks the commanded value relatively well. However, due to a significant difference between the rising and falling rates of the feedback electromagnetic torque, a steady-state torque tracking error is resulted. The steady-state torque tracking error can be minimized by employing an improved torque regulator with asymmetric hysteresis band limits.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125008967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521586
P. Kołodziejek
This article presents a proposal, simulation and experimental results of a noninvasive rotor fault diagnosis method for the inverter fed induction motor drive. Comparing to reported methods the proposed one does not require any load, rotor brake, slip, mechanical or electrical system physical modification e.g. machine disassembly and can be applied regardless the rotor speed measurement or estimation method.
{"title":"Noninvasive method for rotor fault diagnosis in the inverter fed induction motor drive","authors":"P. Kołodziejek","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521586","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a proposal, simulation and experimental results of a noninvasive rotor fault diagnosis method for the inverter fed induction motor drive. Comparing to reported methods the proposed one does not require any load, rotor brake, slip, mechanical or electrical system physical modification e.g. machine disassembly and can be applied regardless the rotor speed measurement or estimation method.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126120373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521529
U. Muntwyler
The price/performance ratio of PV installations has drastically improved past the last years. PV installations in mid-Europe now produce cheaper than installations in southern Europe. At elevated sites like the European Alps, PV installations are now nearly as productive as installations in southern Europe / northern Africa. Solar power stations constructed in southern Europe should hence no longer feed northern Europe but rather local consumers in southern Europe and northern Africa.
{"title":"Has Europe a need for solar plants in Africa?","authors":"U. Muntwyler","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521529","url":null,"abstract":"The price/performance ratio of PV installations has drastically improved past the last years. PV installations in mid-Europe now produce cheaper than installations in southern Europe. At elevated sites like the European Alps, PV installations are now nearly as productive as installations in southern Europe / northern Africa. Solar power stations constructed in southern Europe should hence no longer feed northern Europe but rather local consumers in southern Europe and northern Africa.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122952690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521638
J. Jacob, J. A. Colin, H. Montemayor, D. Sepac, H. Trinh, S. F. Voorderhake, P. Židková, Johannes J. H. Paulides, A. Borisavljevic, Elena A. Lomonova
This paper presents the design of a hybrid electric powertrain for the InMotion IM01 race car. InMotion is a multidisciplinary project group of experienced master students, PhD students, and professors from Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e). The authors of this paper were involved in the project to develop a suitable powertrain architecture for use in the IM01 series hybrid race car. The most important requirements were to achieve a lap time of below 2 min 45 s on the Circuit de la Sarthe, and to have a durability, efficiency, cornering speed, and acceleration that exceeds Formula 1 race cars. Data provided from InMotion included design restrictions, a simplified drive cycle, and technical data of some components. This data was analyzed and the required powertrain component sizes were determined. A detailed drive cycle calculation and sensitivity analysis were introduced to find the variables that significantly influence the lap time. The powertrain was modeled using the backwards approach and an energy management strategy was designed with the objective of minimizing fuel consumption. Finally, five different powertrain configurations were presented, and several tradeoffs between lap time and different parameters were discussed. The results showed that the fastest achievable lap time using the proposed configurations was 3 min 9 s. It was concluded that several car and component parameters have to be improved to decrease this lap time to the required 2 min 45 s. Recommendations for future work to achieve this were addressed.
{"title":"InMotion: Hybrid race car, beating F1 at LeMans","authors":"J. Jacob, J. A. Colin, H. Montemayor, D. Sepac, H. Trinh, S. F. Voorderhake, P. Židková, Johannes J. H. Paulides, A. Borisavljevic, Elena A. Lomonova","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521638","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of a hybrid electric powertrain for the InMotion IM01 race car. InMotion is a multidisciplinary project group of experienced master students, PhD students, and professors from Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e). The authors of this paper were involved in the project to develop a suitable powertrain architecture for use in the IM01 series hybrid race car. The most important requirements were to achieve a lap time of below 2 min 45 s on the Circuit de la Sarthe, and to have a durability, efficiency, cornering speed, and acceleration that exceeds Formula 1 race cars. Data provided from InMotion included design restrictions, a simplified drive cycle, and technical data of some components. This data was analyzed and the required powertrain component sizes were determined. A detailed drive cycle calculation and sensitivity analysis were introduced to find the variables that significantly influence the lap time. The powertrain was modeled using the backwards approach and an energy management strategy was designed with the objective of minimizing fuel consumption. Finally, five different powertrain configurations were presented, and several tradeoffs between lap time and different parameters were discussed. The results showed that the fastest achievable lap time using the proposed configurations was 3 min 9 s. It was concluded that several car and component parameters have to be improved to decrease this lap time to the required 2 min 45 s. Recommendations for future work to achieve this were addressed.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129653134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521531
E. Elmahersi, A. Khedher, M. Mimouni
This paper presents an adaptive sliding mode flux observer (SMFO) used in two wind-PMSG-system control strategies, such as the vector control (VC) and the sliding mode control (SMC). The SMFO is used to estimate the flux components in the (d,q) reference frame. The effects of the parameter variations have been studied and the stator resistance is estimated by using the Lyapunov adaptive technique. The system robustness and performances under the studied control strategies are discussed and compared.
{"title":"An adaptive sliding mode flux observer applied to wind-PMSG system controlled by VC and SMC","authors":"E. Elmahersi, A. Khedher, M. Mimouni","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521531","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an adaptive sliding mode flux observer (SMFO) used in two wind-PMSG-system control strategies, such as the vector control (VC) and the sliding mode control (SMC). The SMFO is used to estimate the flux components in the (d,q) reference frame. The effects of the parameter variations have been studied and the stator resistance is estimated by using the Lyapunov adaptive technique. The system robustness and performances under the studied control strategies are discussed and compared.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128109726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521603
O. Hegazy, J. Van Mierlo, R. Barrero, P. Lataire, N. Omar, T. Coosemans
On-Board Battery Charger is one of the key components required for the emergence and acceptance of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). The control strategy of the battery charger plays an important role in the development of BEVs. Therefore, the proper selection of this control strategy can significantly improve the performance of the BEVs during charging mode from the grid. In this paper, a comparative study of different control strategies of on-board battery chargers for BEVs is presented. In this research, three control strategies are designed and applied to control the power flow of the on-board battery charger during charging mode from the ac grid. These control strategies are hysteresis current control (HCC), Proportional-Integral Control (PIC) and Proportional-Resonant Control (PRC). These control strategies are designed and analyzed by using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation and experimental results are provided.
{"title":"A comparative study of different control strategies of On-Board Battery Chargers for Battery Electric Vehicles","authors":"O. Hegazy, J. Van Mierlo, R. Barrero, P. Lataire, N. Omar, T. Coosemans","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521603","url":null,"abstract":"On-Board Battery Charger is one of the key components required for the emergence and acceptance of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). The control strategy of the battery charger plays an important role in the development of BEVs. Therefore, the proper selection of this control strategy can significantly improve the performance of the BEVs during charging mode from the grid. In this paper, a comparative study of different control strategies of on-board battery chargers for BEVs is presented. In this research, three control strategies are designed and applied to control the power flow of the on-board battery charger during charging mode from the ac grid. These control strategies are hysteresis current control (HCC), Proportional-Integral Control (PIC) and Proportional-Resonant Control (PRC). These control strategies are designed and analyzed by using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation and experimental results are provided.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133864139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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