Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521532
N. Khemiri, A. Khedher, M. Mimouni
In this paper, an interconnected grid hybrid renewable energy system, HRES, (wind/PV) is studied. The wind energy conversion system, WECS, is constructed aroud a wind turbine coupled to a double fed induction generator, DFIG. The stator of DFIG is directly connected to the grid and the rotor is connected to the grid through back-to-back power converters. To control the wind system, we have applied the adaptive backstepping control strategy for both converters. The PV energy system is composed by PV cell energy and the DC-DC boost converter. To control the DC-DC boost converter, we have applied tow cascade PI control loop. The first one is used to regulate the output current or the second one is used to control the output voltage. We have considered in both control structure the MPPT algorithm. To study the comportment of the HRES against the environment changes, we have considered some simulations scenarios for the wind speed, the irradiance and the temperature. We have studied the dynamic performances of the proposed control strategy.
{"title":"A backstepping control strategy applied to the connected hybrid renewable energy system operated in MPPT","authors":"N. Khemiri, A. Khedher, M. Mimouni","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521532","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an interconnected grid hybrid renewable energy system, HRES, (wind/PV) is studied. The wind energy conversion system, WECS, is constructed aroud a wind turbine coupled to a double fed induction generator, DFIG. The stator of DFIG is directly connected to the grid and the rotor is connected to the grid through back-to-back power converters. To control the wind system, we have applied the adaptive backstepping control strategy for both converters. The PV energy system is composed by PV cell energy and the DC-DC boost converter. To control the DC-DC boost converter, we have applied tow cascade PI control loop. The first one is used to regulate the output current or the second one is used to control the output voltage. We have considered in both control structure the MPPT algorithm. To study the comportment of the HRES against the environment changes, we have considered some simulations scenarios for the wind speed, the irradiance and the temperature. We have studied the dynamic performances of the proposed control strategy.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115242141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521620
D. Iannuzzi, L. Piegari, P. Tricoli
The paper suggests a novel architecture of PV-powered Modular Multilevel Converter for building integrated photovoltaics. A grid-tied single-star configuration has been proposed. In particular, three different cell topologies have been analyzed and compared in terms of number of PV modules and rated voltages of semiconductor devices. Finally, a control strategy has been suggested in order to deliver to the grid the maximum power available from the PV modules at unity power factor.
{"title":"A novel PV-modular multilevel converter for building integrated photovoltaics","authors":"D. Iannuzzi, L. Piegari, P. Tricoli","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521620","url":null,"abstract":"The paper suggests a novel architecture of PV-powered Modular Multilevel Converter for building integrated photovoltaics. A grid-tied single-star configuration has been proposed. In particular, three different cell topologies have been analyzed and compared in terms of number of PV modules and rated voltages of semiconductor devices. Finally, a control strategy has been suggested in order to deliver to the grid the maximum power available from the PV modules at unity power factor.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115551130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521573
V. D. Dio, G. Cipriani, D. L. Cascia, R. Miceli
In this paper, the design, sizing and set-up of a specific low cost electronic load, based on a DC-DC step-down converter, suitable for the PV module I - V characteristic curves determination, is described. In particular, for its set up, a low cost and user friendly micro-controller has been employed in order to generate the PWM signal. The measures carried out connecting the electronic load prototype to a commercial PV module are here presented and discussed. The conceived electronic load has allowed the determination of 80% of the PV module characteristic curves in 2 s. This low measurement time, lower than the time intervals in which weather conditions may change, allows to assume as constant the PV module temperature and the environment conditions. The obtained characteristics, affected by a limited ripple, have been compared with simulation data from the Matlab/Simulink implementation of the most common PV module four and five lumped parameters with good results.
{"title":"Design, sizing and set up of a specific low cost electronic load for PV modules characterization","authors":"V. D. Dio, G. Cipriani, D. L. Cascia, R. Miceli","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521573","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the design, sizing and set-up of a specific low cost electronic load, based on a DC-DC step-down converter, suitable for the PV module I - V characteristic curves determination, is described. In particular, for its set up, a low cost and user friendly micro-controller has been employed in order to generate the PWM signal. The measures carried out connecting the electronic load prototype to a commercial PV module are here presented and discussed. The conceived electronic load has allowed the determination of 80% of the PV module characteristic curves in 2 s. This low measurement time, lower than the time intervals in which weather conditions may change, allows to assume as constant the PV module temperature and the environment conditions. The obtained characteristics, affected by a limited ripple, have been compared with simulation data from the Matlab/Simulink implementation of the most common PV module four and five lumped parameters with good results.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114132233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521575
A. Chaib, M. Kesraoui, E. Kechadi
Solar energy reaching a given surface depends directly on sun's orientation and sensor's position. Concentrated solar power systems are using sun-tracking heliostats to reflect maximum solar heat to a thermal receiver mounted atop a central power tower. The focused heat boils water within the thermal receiver and produces steam to supply a turbine for power generation. Since sun's rays are constantly variable throughout a day one should constantly change the position of the heliostat using an orientation system. First, a program for calculating the daily, monthly and yearly position of the sun for any earth place is developed using MATLAB software. Then an orientation system based on a robot manipulator in order to allow the heliostat to move for sun's radiation tracking is proposed and described. The results show that this system allows accurate positioning and gives a higher solar energy yield in comparison to a fixed one. Each heliostat will be equipped with this system. For accurate and instantaneous automatic control of the robot manipulator a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is used. Satisfying simulation results have been obtained.
{"title":"Heliostat orientation system using a PLC based robot manipulator","authors":"A. Chaib, M. Kesraoui, E. Kechadi","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521575","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy reaching a given surface depends directly on sun's orientation and sensor's position. Concentrated solar power systems are using sun-tracking heliostats to reflect maximum solar heat to a thermal receiver mounted atop a central power tower. The focused heat boils water within the thermal receiver and produces steam to supply a turbine for power generation. Since sun's rays are constantly variable throughout a day one should constantly change the position of the heliostat using an orientation system. First, a program for calculating the daily, monthly and yearly position of the sun for any earth place is developed using MATLAB software. Then an orientation system based on a robot manipulator in order to allow the heliostat to move for sun's radiation tracking is proposed and described. The results show that this system allows accurate positioning and gives a higher solar energy yield in comparison to a fixed one. Each heliostat will be equipped with this system. For accurate and instantaneous automatic control of the robot manipulator a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is used. Satisfying simulation results have been obtained.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116757643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521558
A. Harrouz, A. Benatiallah, O. Harrouz
Measuring of volume fuel is paramount to the site counter. The procedure is to clarify the accuracy necessary for the realization of a concrete. From this assessment, it can choose the device that suits its volume measurement. Accurate measurements require accurate measuring devices and proper handling. This article also discusses the process of signal acquisition, management and verification of a park measuring instruments. The purpose of this article is to provide a metrological control of a counting system dynamics for hydraulic products to provide operators an overview of verification and control of measuring devices and identify a methodology.
{"title":"Experimental study of control and verification of dynamic metering system","authors":"A. Harrouz, A. Benatiallah, O. Harrouz","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521558","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring of volume fuel is paramount to the site counter. The procedure is to clarify the accuracy necessary for the realization of a concrete. From this assessment, it can choose the device that suits its volume measurement. Accurate measurements require accurate measuring devices and proper handling. This article also discusses the process of signal acquisition, management and verification of a park measuring instruments. The purpose of this article is to provide a metrological control of a counting system dynamics for hydraulic products to provide operators an overview of verification and control of measuring devices and identify a methodology.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125556293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521591
M. Ferrari, N. Bianchi, A. Doria, E. Giolo, E. Fornasiero, C. Martignoni, F. Bovi
Electric vehicles are particularly suited to urban mobility because in towns pollution problem are very important and because the demanded range is not very large. Cycling is a healthy activity, an efficient means of transportation and it is increasingly included in transportation policies in nations around the world. Therefore, after the recent diffusion of electric bicycles, the development of new kind of human-electric vehicles in the next years is expected. Hybrid velomobiles are very promising because they can retain some good characteristics of cars (protection from bad weather and stability) and of bicycles (small frontal section, good handling). This paper presents the development of a tilting velomobile equipped with a parallel hybrid propulsion system. Details about the mechanical layout, which gives good stability properties, and about the advanced reluctance motors are presented.
{"title":"Development of a hybrid human-electric propulsion system for a velomobile","authors":"M. Ferrari, N. Bianchi, A. Doria, E. Giolo, E. Fornasiero, C. Martignoni, F. Bovi","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521591","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles are particularly suited to urban mobility because in towns pollution problem are very important and because the demanded range is not very large. Cycling is a healthy activity, an efficient means of transportation and it is increasingly included in transportation policies in nations around the world. Therefore, after the recent diffusion of electric bicycles, the development of new kind of human-electric vehicles in the next years is expected. Hybrid velomobiles are very promising because they can retain some good characteristics of cars (protection from bad weather and stability) and of bicycles (small frontal section, good handling). This paper presents the development of a tilting velomobile equipped with a parallel hybrid propulsion system. Details about the mechanical layout, which gives good stability properties, and about the advanced reluctance motors are presented.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125793435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521589
Z. Zhu, M. Jamil, L. Wu
This paper comparatively investigates the electromagnetic performance, such as airgap flux density, flux linkage, radial stress, back-EMF and output torque of two rotational symmetrical and asymmetric interior permanent magnet BLDC and BLAC machines having static/rotating eccentricities by FE model and a simple analytical model. It shows that the static/rotating eccentricities hardly affect the back-EMF and output torque of symmetrical machine, although they significantly change its airgap flux density and radial stress. On the contrary, both eccentricities can significantly distort the back-EMF and output torque of asymmetric machines. Asymmetric machines can have larger torque ripple with eccentricity than symmetrical machines, although asymmetric machines produce smoother torque without eccentricity. The static and rotating eccentricities result in many different orders of the back-EMF and torque components.
{"title":"Electromagnetic performance of interior permanent magnet machines with eccentricity","authors":"Z. Zhu, M. Jamil, L. Wu","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521589","url":null,"abstract":"This paper comparatively investigates the electromagnetic performance, such as airgap flux density, flux linkage, radial stress, back-EMF and output torque of two rotational symmetrical and asymmetric interior permanent magnet BLDC and BLAC machines having static/rotating eccentricities by FE model and a simple analytical model. It shows that the static/rotating eccentricities hardly affect the back-EMF and output torque of symmetrical machine, although they significantly change its airgap flux density and radial stress. On the contrary, both eccentricities can significantly distort the back-EMF and output torque of asymmetric machines. Asymmetric machines can have larger torque ripple with eccentricity than symmetrical machines, although asymmetric machines produce smoother torque without eccentricity. The static and rotating eccentricities result in many different orders of the back-EMF and torque components.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125850517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521562
M. Masmoudi, B. El Badsi, A. Masmoudi
Currently, road vehicles are more and more equipped by PM synchronous motors. Of particular interest are brushless DC (BLDC) motors with their low resolution encoder make it feasible their integration in a large scale industry such as the automotive one. Within this trend, the paper deals with the synthesis and implementation of a new DTC strategy dedicated to the control of BLDC motor drives. Compared to the most recent and high-performance DTC strategy, the proposed one offers an improved reliability thanks to the achievement of a balanced switching frequencies of the inverter upper and lower IGBTs, on one hand, and the reduction of the average value of the motor common mode voltage, on the other hand. Furthermore, the torque ripple is significantly damped during sequence-to-sequence commutations using a three-level hysteresis torque controller. An experimentally-based comparative study between the most recent and high-performance DTC strategy and the introduced one clearly highlights the potentialities exhibited by the latter.
{"title":"Direct torque control of brushless DC motor drives with improved reliability","authors":"M. Masmoudi, B. El Badsi, A. Masmoudi","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521562","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, road vehicles are more and more equipped by PM synchronous motors. Of particular interest are brushless DC (BLDC) motors with their low resolution encoder make it feasible their integration in a large scale industry such as the automotive one. Within this trend, the paper deals with the synthesis and implementation of a new DTC strategy dedicated to the control of BLDC motor drives. Compared to the most recent and high-performance DTC strategy, the proposed one offers an improved reliability thanks to the achievement of a balanced switching frequencies of the inverter upper and lower IGBTs, on one hand, and the reduction of the average value of the motor common mode voltage, on the other hand. Furthermore, the torque ripple is significantly damped during sequence-to-sequence commutations using a three-level hysteresis torque controller. An experimentally-based comparative study between the most recent and high-performance DTC strategy and the introduced one clearly highlights the potentialities exhibited by the latter.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130116818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521616
S. Schickram, M. Weber, M. Lienkamp
Whether or not the introduction of electric vehicles is sustainable in megacities depends on many local conditions such as energy mix, climate and traffic flow. The Electromobility Potential Index (EMPI) is an innovative tool to evaluate each city beforehand. The methodology and structure of this index has an approach that is universally applicable. This work contains the definition of the necessary criteria as well as the evaluation process to analyze the sustainability holistically. A total of 47 worldwide cities, including 21 megacities, are evaluated. The results, which will be presented in this article, give a deep insight of the potential and effects of the introduction of electric vehicles in the cities considered and may help automakers and governments make the right decisions in order to realize sustainable solutions for individual mobility in megacities.
{"title":"Electromobility potential index","authors":"S. Schickram, M. Weber, M. Lienkamp","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521616","url":null,"abstract":"Whether or not the introduction of electric vehicles is sustainable in megacities depends on many local conditions such as energy mix, climate and traffic flow. The Electromobility Potential Index (EMPI) is an innovative tool to evaluate each city beforehand. The methodology and structure of this index has an approach that is universally applicable. This work contains the definition of the necessary criteria as well as the evaluation process to analyze the sustainability holistically. A total of 47 worldwide cities, including 21 megacities, are evaluated. The results, which will be presented in this article, give a deep insight of the potential and effects of the introduction of electric vehicles in the cities considered and may help automakers and governments make the right decisions in order to realize sustainable solutions for individual mobility in megacities.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131324059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-27DOI: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521544
J. Kringelum, M. H. Donovan, O. Fosso, J. L. García, A. del Pozo
The paper summarizes the status and progress of Work Package 8 of the MARINA Platform European FP7 R&D project. MARINA covers multi-purpose offshore renewable energy platforms and a key purpose is to look into synergies in combining wind energy with ocean energy technologies. To have wind and wave placed on the same site may have several advantages in terms of using common facilities and infrastructure but also challenges. The activities reported cover wind farm layout, offshore electrical infrastructure as well as integration challenges and opportunities of offshore renewable energy.
{"title":"Grid connection and macro-system integration of combined wind and wave devices","authors":"J. Kringelum, M. H. Donovan, O. Fosso, J. L. García, A. del Pozo","doi":"10.1109/EVER.2013.6521544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EVER.2013.6521544","url":null,"abstract":"The paper summarizes the status and progress of Work Package 8 of the MARINA Platform European FP7 R&D project. MARINA covers multi-purpose offshore renewable energy platforms and a key purpose is to look into synergies in combining wind energy with ocean energy technologies. To have wind and wave placed on the same site may have several advantages in terms of using common facilities and infrastructure but also challenges. The activities reported cover wind farm layout, offshore electrical infrastructure as well as integration challenges and opportunities of offshore renewable energy.","PeriodicalId":386323,"journal":{"name":"2013 Eighth International Conference and Exhibition on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128889390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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