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Dva notářské instrumenty z roku 1419 k dějinám řeholních kanovníků sv. Augustina v Kladsku. Pramenná edice 两份 1419 年的公证文书,内容涉及克拉德斯科圣奥古斯丁修道院的历史。来源版本
Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.14712/2464689x.2023.44
Pavel Krafl
During the 14th century, canon law gained considerable influence. All cases which related to clergy and Church property were dealt with solely by the ecclesiastical courts. During the preparatory phases of court proceedings, public notaries were very important. They were mainly involved in appointing legal representatives and producing verified copies of important documents. The objective of this article is to present two notarial instruments produced by public notaries: Materna, the son of Doctor Martin of Kladsko, and Nicolas, called Naso, the son of Henry of Chojnów. Both instruments were produced in 1419 and relate to the monastery of the Canons Regular of St. Augustine in Kladsko. The documents are kept in the Kladsko parish archive under numbers A 4 b and A 12 i. Attached is a critical edition of both notarial instruments. The first instrument incorporates documents of Wenceslas IV, King of Bohemia, Charles IV, King of Bohemia, and Arnošt of Pardubice, Archbishop of Prague, which show the ownership of properties in the Kladsko region and outside it. The second instrument records the appointment of legal representatives of the convent at the ecclesiastical courts. We do not have any direct evidence of the subject of the monastery’s dispute, but one can assume that it related to long-term disputes with the holders of fiefs in the Kladsko region. These disagreements related to economic immunity (unauthorised attempts to collect royal taxes for the monastery’s properties) and, to a lesser extent, other matters.
14 世纪,教会法获得了相当大的影响力。所有与神职人员和教会财产有关的案件都只由教会法庭处理。在法庭诉讼的准备阶段,公证人非常重要。他们主要参与指定法律代表和制作重要文件的核实副本。本文旨在介绍两份由公证人制作的公证文书:这两份文书分别是克拉兹科的马丁医生的儿子马特纳和乔伊努夫的亨利的儿子尼古拉(又名纳索)所作。这两份文书都是 1419 年制作的,与克拉德什科的圣奥古斯丁普通教规修道院有关。这些文件保存在克拉德什科教区档案馆,编号分别为 A 4 b 和 A 12 i。第一份文书包含波希米亚国王温塞斯拉斯四世、波希米亚国王查理四世和布拉格大主教阿尔诺什特-帕尔杜比采的文件,这些文件显示了克拉德斯科地区内外的财产所有权。第二份文书记录了修道院在教会法庭任命法定代表人的情况。我们没有任何关于修道院争端主题的直接证据,但可以推测它与克拉德斯科地区封地所有者之间的长期争端有关。这些纠纷涉及经济豁免权(未经授权试图为修道院的财产征收皇家税),其次还涉及其他事项。
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引用次数: 0
Treffen Junger Romanisten 青年罗马主义者会议
Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.14712/2464689x.2023.54
Radek Černoch
Conference report
会议报告
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引用次数: 0
Zpráva z konference „Antonín Švehla, Alois Rašín a ti druzí“ 安东宁-什韦赫拉、阿洛伊斯-拉辛和其他人 "会议报告
Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.14712/2464689x.2023.53
Jan Beránek, Tereza Blažková
Conference report
会议报告
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引用次数: 0
Republikán a volnomyšlenkář? Složitý život Leopolda Heyrovského mezi státem, rodinou a společností 共和党人和自由思想家?介于国家、家庭和社会之间的利奥波德-海罗夫斯基的复杂人生
Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.14712/2464689x.2023.43
Jan Kober
The article deals with the characterization of Leopold Heyrovský (1852–1924), professor of Roman law at the Law Faculty of the Charles University in Prague, as a “republican” and “freethinker”, as preserved by the memories of his descendants. Using the memories of his daughter Klára Heyrovská and of his colleague Jan Krčmář, the author focuses on religion, political and social ideas and the paternal role of Leopold Heyrovský. On the basis of partial sources, he is trying to reconstruct the political, religious, and social habitus of the hitherto less researched Prague university professor. It turns out that the characterization of Heyrovský as a republican and freethinker basically corresponds to reality, but with the caveat that Heyrovský was well aware of the risks that such opinions would bring him, and therefore expressed them only very carefully. His religious situation – he remained formally Catholic but did not participate in any religious ceremonies – was complicated not only by his position as a university professor, but also by his marriage to a fervent Catholic wife who raised their children in this faith. Nevertheless, he tried to pass on his free-spirited and patriotic views to his children, to whom he devoted a lot of time as a committed father.
文章论述了布拉格查尔斯大学法学院罗马法教授 Leopold Heyrovský(1852-1924 年)作为一个 "共和主义者 "和 "自由思想家 "的形象,他的后人对他的回忆保留了这一形象。作者利用其女儿克拉拉-海罗夫斯基和同事扬-克尔克马日的回忆,重点介绍了利奥波德-海罗夫斯基的宗教、政治和社会思想以及父亲的角色。在部分资料的基础上,他试图重建这位迄今为止研究较少的布拉格大学教授的政治、宗教和社会习惯。事实证明,将海罗夫斯基描述为共和主义者和自由思想家基本上符合实际情况,但需要注意的是,海罗夫斯基非常清楚这些观点会给他带来的风险,因此在表达这些观点时非常谨慎。他的宗教状况--他正式信奉天主教,但不参加任何宗教仪式--不仅因为他是大学教授,还因为他娶了一位虔诚的天主教徒妻子,并以这种信仰抚养他们的孩子,这使他的宗教状况变得复杂。尽管如此,他还是努力将自己自由奔放的爱国主义观点传授给孩子们,作为一个尽职尽责的父亲,他为孩子们付出了大量时间。
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引用次数: 0
Česká právní terminologie na cestě k Leopoldu Heyrovskému 通往利奥波德-海罗夫斯基之路的捷克法律术语
Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.14712/2464689x.2023.42
David Falada
The paper contemplates the importance of Leopold Heyrovský’s position as one of the most influential professors at Charles University in the late 1800s. His textbook, as the first Czech-language textbook of Roman law, was first published in a position to be able to set forth the thesaurus of the Czech private-law legal terminology which is still used today. In this context, the paper offers an overview of the preceding position of the Czech language in the legal system.
本文探讨了 Leopold Heyrovský 作为查理大学 19 世纪末最有影响力的教授之一的重要地位。他的教科书是第一本捷克语的罗马法教科书,首次出版就奠定了捷克私法法律术语词库的地位,该词库至今仍在使用。在此背景下,本文概述了捷克语在法律体系中的前沿地位。
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引用次数: 0
Antonín Švehla a pozapomenuté diskuze, osnovy a návrhy realizovaných i nerealizovaných zákonodárných projektů jeho doby 安东宁-什韦赫拉及其时代已实现和未实现的立法项目中被遗忘的讨论、纲要和建议
Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.14712/2464689x.2023.48
Jiří Šouša
The article deals with selected forgotten discussions on legal and sub-legal projects in period 1918–1929 when Antonín Švehla held important state executive positions. It draws attention to the importance of Antonín Švehla for the legislation and interpretation of law, and also tries to highlight specific significant projects from that period that are important for the trends in the development of legal sectors, especially in the sectors of labour law and social security in Czechoslovakia. The article provides some new insights into the history of law in the Czech lands in the first half of the 20th century, e.g., the considerations on the creation of the Labour Code as early as in the 1920s, the public law aspects of labour law and their abandonment, efforts to unify social security legislation, etc. It refers to the important institutions that were to influence the shape of commercial and trade law, as well as labour relations, at the beginning of the Czechoslovak Republic. The efforts to abolish the death penalty are also mentioned in the article. The article does not limit itself to normativity, but also considers interest, socio-economic and other extra-legal influences on the shape of the legal order.
文章选取了 1918 年至 1929 年安东宁-什韦赫拉担任重要国家行政职务期间被遗忘的有关法律和次级法律项目的讨论。文章提请人们注意安东宁-什韦赫拉在立法和法律解释方面的重要性,并试图强调这一时期的具体重要项目,这些项目对捷克斯洛伐克法律部门,特别是劳动法和社会保障部门的发展趋势具有重要意义。文章对 20 世纪上半叶捷克的法律史提出了一些新的见解,例如,早在 20 世纪 20 年代对制定《劳动法》的考虑、劳动法的公法方面及其废弃、统一社会保障立法的努力等。报告提到了捷克斯洛伐克共和国成立之初影响商业和贸易法以及劳动关系的重要制度。文章还提到了废除死刑的努力。文章并不局限于规范性,还考虑了利益、社会经济和其他法律外因素对法律秩序形成的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Čo pre Slovákov znamenal a v súčasnosti znamená štátny sviatok Slovenského národného povstania? 斯洛伐克民族起义的国庆节过去和现在对斯洛伐克人意味着什么?
Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.14712/2464689x.2023.46
Alexandra Letková, Ján Sombati
Intention of the authors is to analyse the importance of national holiday of the Slovak National Uprising in a context of collective and historical memory of the Slovak nation. The aim of submitted paper is therefore to analyse various lines of opinion on the Slovak National Uprising, especially from the perspective of two totalitarian ideologies, as well as from the perspective of contemporary historiography after 1989. In the context of aforementioned analyses, authors deal with recent and historical interpretations from the historical and collective memory point of view, with an emphasis on legal consequences. The first years of independence and democracy brought to Slovakia re-increase of pro-fascist (ľudák’s) interpretation of history, which, however, did not succeeded in settling down in the collective memory of the Slovak nation. Nevertheless, the last years once again brought relativisation and misinterpretation of historical context of the Slovak National Uprising and its specific standing in society as a national holiday in particular. Reflecting these negative trends, the authors also consider possibilities of effective protection of national holidays, not only with the use of law.
作者的意图是在斯洛伐克民族集体和历史记忆的背景下分析斯洛伐克民族起义民族节日的重要性。因此,本文旨在分析有关斯洛伐克民族起义的各种观点,特别是从两种极权主义意识形态的角度以及 1989 年后当代历史学的角度进行分析。在上述分析的背景下,作者从历史和集体记忆的角度探讨了最新的历史解释,并重点论述了法律后果。独立和民主的最初几年给斯洛伐克带来了亲法西斯主义者(ľudák)对历史解释的重新抬头,然而,这种解释并没有在斯洛伐克民族的集体记忆中沉淀下来。然而,最近几年斯洛伐克民族起义的历史背景及其作为民族节日的特殊社会地位再次被相对化和曲解。考虑到这些消极趋势,作者还考虑了有效保护民族节日的可能性,而不仅仅是利用法律。
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引用次数: 0
Spravedlnost dekonstrukce, dekonstrukce spravedlnosti. K Derridově koncepci spravedlnosti 解构的正义,解构的正义。论德里达的正义观
Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.14712/2464689x.2023.50
Miroslav Vacura
The study is devoted to Derrida’s conception of normativity, focusing on his intervention in jurisprudence through reinterpretation of the concept of justice, which had a major influence on American critical legal studies theorists. A short introduction setting the topic into a broader context is followed by a section providing a brief overview of Derrida’s essential conceptual apparatus and the explanation of the method of deconstruction. In the next section, we identify two complementary ways in which Derrida understands the concept of justice: the first identifies justice directly with deconstruction, and thus centers normativity in Derrida’s own philosophical project; the second connects the concept of justice to the idea of infinity, and thus refers to Lévinas’ philosophy. In the conclusion of the text, we summarize the most significant responses and critical reactions to Derrida’s conception and consider whether it can provide guidance for judicial decision-making, as some theorists have suggested.
本研究专门探讨德里达的规范性概念,重点是他通过对正义概念的重新诠释对法理学的干预,这对美国批判法学研究理论家产生了重大影响。在简短的引言中,我们将这一主题置于更广阔的背景中,随后的一节简要概述了德里达的基本概念装置,并解释了解构方法。在下一节中,我们指出了德里达理解正义概念的两种互补方式:第一种方式将正义直接与解构相联系,从而将规范性置于德里达自身哲学项目的中心;第二种方式将正义概念与无限性思想相联系,从而提及列维纳斯哲学。在文章的结尾,我们总结了对德里达概念的最重要的回应和批评反应,并思考它是否能像一些理论家所建议的那样,为司法决策提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
Pojetí výprosy podle ABGB ABGB 的概念
Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.14712/2464689x.2023.51
Jan Kabát
This contribution focuses on the development of the concept of the precarium from the beginning of its codification in the ABGB to the present day, focusing more closely on two historically established interpretations: the first adopted by Antonín Randa and developed by his student Josef Stupecký and the second adopted by the Austrian civilian Josef von Schey. Historically, these conceptions came into conflict in our territory during the recodification of the ABGB in interwar Czechoslovakia which is why the contribution discusses the development of the precarium also within the framework of the so-called Draft Civil Codes, all considering contemporary Austrian and Czechoslovak case-law. Finally, the contribution provides a concept in the form of contemporary Austrian law and its concept of precarium which is also relevant in the light of the fact that the ABGB provision on precarium has remained unchanged since 1811.
这篇论文集中讨论了从开始编纂《捷克民法典》到现在的前置词概念的发展,并更密切地关注两种历史上确立的解释:第一种是由 Antonín Randa 采用并由其学生 Josef Stupecký 发展的解释,第二种是由奥地利平民 Josef von Schey 采用的解释。从历史上看,在战时捷克斯洛伐克重新编纂《民法典》期间,这些概念在我们的领土上发生了冲突,这就是为什么本论文还在所谓的《民法典草案》框架内讨论了前置词的发展,所有这些都考虑到了当代奥地利和捷克斯洛伐克的判例法。最后,该论文以当代奥地利法律及其预保金概念的形式提供了一个概念,鉴于《奥地利民法典》关于预保金的规定自 1811 年以来一直未变,该概念也具有相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Specializace radů apelačního soudu v závěru 17. století 17 世纪末上诉法院理事会的专业化
Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.14712/2464689x.2023.52
Josef Vacek
The present study focuses on the question of the specialization of the councils of the Court of Appeal at the end of the 17th century, i.e. whether individual cases were assigned to judges according to their professional or other specialization. First of all, the paper defines the very notion of specialization as a phenomenon that can be perceived in terms of geography, language, subject matter and personnel. The initial sources are the minutes of the Court of Appeal, which survive for the end of the seventeenth century and from which it is possible to see which councils were assigned which cases to handle. On the basis of these protocols, the author conducts a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the collected sources and concludes that all four types of specialization were applied to a greater or lesser extent in the Court of Appeal, but that they were never fully implemented. Although this is an examination of a phenomenon that has not yet received the attention of the professional community, the results so far appear to be fruitful and may shed light on the internal workings of some courts, as it is a generally actionable phenomenon.
本研究的重点是 17 世纪末上诉法院委员会的专业化问题,即是否根据法官的专业或其 他专业分配案件。首先,本文界定了专业化这一概念本身,将其视为一种可从地理、语言、主题和人员等方面加以认识的现象。最初的资料来源是十七世纪末的上诉法院会议记录,从中可以看出哪些委员会被分配处理哪些案件。在这些记录的基础上,作者对收集到的资料进行了定量和定性分析,并得出结论:上诉法院或多或少地采用了所有四种类型的专业化,但从未完全实施。虽然这是对一个尚未引起专业界关注的现象的研究,但迄今为止的结果似乎是富有成果的,并可能揭示一些法院的内部运作情况,因为这是一个普遍可操作的现象。
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引用次数: 0
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PRÁVNĚHISTORICKÉ STUDIE
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