Nataša Čolić, B. Manić, Ana Nikovic, Borjan Brankov
There is global interest in the smart city, not only as an operational concept, but also as a funding mechanism of the EU Cohesion Policy, joint programs, projects and initiatives. According to the EU Commission, a smart city is a place where traditional networks and services are made more efficient with the use of digital and communication technologies, for the benefit of its inhabitants and business. Urban governance, as an instrument of integrated urban development, has an important role as a decentralization criterion in improving the smart city?s performance in more developed countries and regions. At the same time, the countries of Southeast Europe that are not members of the EU (including Serbia) are lagging in this matter. Taken that the application of urban governance in the context of a smart city can be seen as a practical novelty in Serbia, this paper presents and discusses the existing state of the art in this field. The findings presented were derived from collaborative engagement within the INTERREG project CLEVER - Co-designing Smart Local Solutions for Exploiting Values and Enhancing Resilience, during 2018/2019.
{"title":"Grasping the framework for the urban governance of smart cities in Serbia. The case of INTERREG SMF project CLEVER","authors":"Nataša Čolić, B. Manić, Ana Nikovic, Borjan Brankov","doi":"10.2298/spat2043026c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/spat2043026c","url":null,"abstract":"There is global interest in the smart city, not only as an operational\u0000 concept, but also as a funding mechanism of the EU Cohesion Policy, joint\u0000 programs, projects and initiatives. According to the EU Commission, a smart\u0000 city is a place where traditional networks and services are made more\u0000 efficient with the use of digital and communication technologies, for the\u0000 benefit of its inhabitants and business. Urban governance, as an instrument\u0000 of integrated urban development, has an important role as a decentralization\u0000 criterion in improving the smart city?s performance in more developed\u0000 countries and regions. At the same time, the countries of Southeast Europe\u0000 that are not members of the EU (including Serbia) are lagging in this\u0000 matter. Taken that the application of urban governance in the context of a\u0000 smart city can be seen as a practical novelty in Serbia, this paper presents\u0000 and discusses the existing state of the art in this field. The findings\u0000 presented were derived from collaborative engagement within the INTERREG\u0000 project CLEVER - Co-designing Smart Local Solutions for Exploiting Values\u0000 and Enhancing Resilience, during 2018/2019.","PeriodicalId":38713,"journal":{"name":"Spatium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49214751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents experimental research into the attitudes of tourists towards the significance of protected areas with regard to tourism in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, in the northern part of the Republic of Serbia. It is an area with significant rare plant and animal resources, as well as w?tlands, ecosystems, and hilly and mountainous areas. Several research methods have been used in the paper. The first method is to collect data using a written questionnaire that was completed by 215 visitors to different protected areas in AP Vojvodina. Their answers revealed their attitudes toward sustainable tourism in selected protected areas. After examining the differences in the answers using the Kruskal-Wallis test, the results of the survey conducted by the authors were examined by means of two comparative analyses of identical, related, and similar answers in selected case studies. Based on the results of the Kruskal-Wallis Test, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant difference in the assessments of the importance of activities and the forms of tourism chosen when visiting protected areas. The most important forms of tourism are ecotourism and adventure tourism. Tourists also identified hiking, cycling, and wildlife watching as the most important activities.
{"title":"The significance of protected natural areas for tourism in the Vojvodina province (Northern Serbia) - analysis of sustainable tourism development","authors":"Igor Trišić, S. Štetić, M. Maksin","doi":"10.2298/spat2043001t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/spat2043001t","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents experimental research into the attitudes of tourists\u0000 towards the significance of protected areas with regard to tourism in the\u0000 Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, in the northern part of the Republic of\u0000 Serbia. It is an area with significant rare plant and animal resources, as\u0000 well as w?tlands, ecosystems, and hilly and mountainous areas. Several\u0000 research methods have been used in the paper. The first method is to collect\u0000 data using a written questionnaire that was completed by 215 visitors to\u0000 different protected areas in AP Vojvodina. Their answers revealed their\u0000 attitudes toward sustainable tourism in selected protected areas. After\u0000 examining the differences in the answers using the Kruskal-Wallis test, the\u0000 results of the survey conducted by the authors were examined by means of two\u0000 comparative analyses of identical, related, and similar answers in selected\u0000 case studies. Based on the results of the Kruskal-Wallis Test, it can be\u0000 concluded that there is a statistically significant difference in the\u0000 assessments of the importance of activities and the forms of tourism chosen\u0000 when visiting protected areas. The most important forms of tourism are\u0000 ecotourism and adventure tourism. Tourists also identified hiking, cycling,\u0000 and wildlife watching as the most important activities.","PeriodicalId":38713,"journal":{"name":"Spatium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49132038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The traditional bondruck system for constructing single-family homes, which is one of the most important segments of Macedonian material culture and heritage, can create a path for developing and improving contemporary design and construction solutions for sustainable architecture in Macedonia. ?he classic variant of traditional bondruck has not been of a high enough standard over a long period of use, which was also the case even at the time when it was a popular building method. Some disadvantages of its classic variants such as: the lack of quality materials for external and internal processing, inconsistent stability due to technological defects in the wood, a low standard and level of physical performance, functional deficiencies etc., can be overcome with modern technological solutions, the use of new building materials, and the possibility of systematic planning in a market economy, combined with the realization that a higher standard of housing is needed today. Based on an analysis of traditional Macedonian bondruck, it is possible to make a contemporary version of this system with improved quality of performance, both of individual elements and of the whole system. This is demonstrated by the proposed solution of a reference house in the village of Bitushe, built with the traditional bondruck system.
{"title":"Contemporary variant of a traditional Macedonian bondruck house","authors":"Gjorgji Dimkov","doi":"10.2298/spat2043044d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/spat2043044d","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional bondruck system for constructing single-family homes, which\u0000 is one of the most important segments of Macedonian material culture and\u0000 heritage, can create a path for developing and improving contemporary design\u0000 and construction solutions for sustainable architecture in Macedonia. ?he\u0000 classic variant of traditional bondruck has not been of a high enough\u0000 standard over a long period of use, which was also the case even at the time\u0000 when it was a popular building method. Some disadvantages of its classic\u0000 variants such as: the lack of quality materials for external and internal\u0000 processing, inconsistent stability due to technological defects in the wood,\u0000 a low standard and level of physical performance, functional deficiencies\u0000 etc., can be overcome with modern technological solutions, the use of new\u0000 building materials, and the possibility of systematic planning in a market\u0000 economy, combined with the realization that a higher standard of housing is\u0000 needed today. Based on an analysis of traditional Macedonian bondruck, it is\u0000 possible to make a contemporary version of this system with improved quality\u0000 of performance, both of individual elements and of the whole system. This is\u0000 demonstrated by the proposed solution of a reference house in the village of\u0000 Bitushe, built with the traditional bondruck system.","PeriodicalId":38713,"journal":{"name":"Spatium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43726043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Turekulova, Atanas D. Kovatchev, Galina R. Iskhojanova
The purpose of this paper is to assess how lighting correlates with human needs and emotions and to examine the implications for lighting design. The complex variables of urban lighting include practical, social, cultural and semantic elements of the urban environment. The research identified the most promising opportunities for using lighting technologies responsive to the basic levels of the human need for lighting. The dynamics of ?LIGHT-VIEWERATMOSPHERE? were applied in order to explore critical areas of interdependence. To determine the most critical areas, the hierarchical principles of A. H. Maslow?s pyramid of needs were adapted and applied to the data. The authors studied the interaction between the viewer and light technologies in order to determine the most likely enhancements to the emotional impact of lighting. The ?Expanded hierarchy of needs with regard to the presence of light? illustrates the issues considered here. The classification of societal needs is based on an analysis of the emotional impact of examples of lighting solutions in architectural environments within a clear social context. A morphological analysis was carried out using the cross-consistency assessment method (CCA). Criteria for evaluating the effects of light were considered on 4 basic levels of needs following Maslow?s pyramid configuration.
{"title":"Methodological approach to creating an urban lighting atmosphere with regard to human needs","authors":"A. Turekulova, Atanas D. Kovatchev, Galina R. Iskhojanova","doi":"10.2298/spat2043016t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/spat2043016t","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to assess how lighting correlates with human\u0000 needs and emotions and to examine the implications for lighting design. The\u0000 complex variables of urban lighting include practical, social, cultural and\u0000 semantic elements of the urban environment. The research identified the most\u0000 promising opportunities for using lighting technologies responsive to the\u0000 basic levels of the human need for lighting. The dynamics of\u0000 ?LIGHT-VIEWERATMOSPHERE? were applied in order to explore critical areas of\u0000 interdependence. To determine the most critical areas, the hierarchical\u0000 principles of A. H. Maslow?s pyramid of needs were adapted and applied to\u0000 the data. The authors studied the interaction between the viewer and light\u0000 technologies in order to determine the most likely enhancements to the\u0000 emotional impact of lighting. The ?Expanded hierarchy of needs with regard\u0000 to the presence of light? illustrates the issues considered here. The\u0000 classification of societal needs is based on an analysis of the emotional\u0000 impact of examples of lighting solutions in architectural environments\u0000 within a clear social context. A morphological analysis was carried out\u0000 using the cross-consistency assessment method (CCA). Criteria for evaluating\u0000 the effects of light were considered on 4 basic levels of needs following\u0000 Maslow?s pyramid configuration.","PeriodicalId":38713,"journal":{"name":"Spatium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46700792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bojana Jerković-Babović, I. Rakonjac, D. Furundzic
The aim of this paper is to research the relations between the contemporary networked context and transformations in the understanding of architectural and infrastructural spaces, and to research the main models of fluidity within this relation. The contemporary urban context is characterized by globalization, transculturalism and increased technological development, which simultaneously change the everydayness, usage and perception of urban spaces and architecture. New networking phenomena occurring on informational, communicational and spatial levels transform the city and its architecture into constant processes of flows. Fluidity is positioned as the main problem of this research, simultaneously causing, and manifesting in, transformations of contemporary spatial conditions where the notion of flow becomes the new spatial quality. This research is focused on one of the main spatial manifestations of the fluidity phenomenon in contemporary cities - the dispersion of the boundary between architectural and infrastructural space. The aim of the paper is to present the idea that fluid spaces are characterized by: 1) increased loss of disciplinary boundaries; 2) loss of physical boundaries - inner-outer space overlapping; 3) dispersion of perceptual boundaries in space. The research is significant because it defines new meanings of spaces of flows and movement in a contemporary urban context.
{"title":"Fluid spaces in a contemporary urban context: Questioning the boundary between architecture and infrastructure","authors":"Bojana Jerković-Babović, I. Rakonjac, D. Furundzic","doi":"10.2298/spat2043035j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/spat2043035j","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to research the relations between the contemporary networked context and transformations in the understanding of architectural and infrastructural spaces, and to research the main models of fluidity within this relation. The contemporary urban context is characterized by globalization, transculturalism and increased technological development, which simultaneously change the everydayness, usage and perception of urban spaces and architecture. New networking phenomena occurring on informational, communicational and spatial levels transform the city and its architecture into constant processes of flows. Fluidity is positioned as the main problem of this research, simultaneously causing, and manifesting in, transformations of contemporary spatial conditions where the notion of flow becomes the new spatial quality. This research is focused on one of the main spatial manifestations of the fluidity phenomenon in contemporary cities - the dispersion of the boundary between architectural and infrastructural space. The aim of the paper is to present the idea that fluid spaces are characterized by: 1) increased loss of disciplinary boundaries; 2) loss of physical boundaries - inner-outer space overlapping; 3) dispersion of perceptual boundaries in space. The research is significant because it defines new meanings of spaces of flows and movement in a contemporary urban context.","PeriodicalId":38713,"journal":{"name":"Spatium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68813206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Use value is one of the key terms related to architectural functionality. The term itself denotes the level of usefulness of a living space for its user, i.e., to what extent the space can meet specific human needs. The paper analyzes the relations between characteristic human needs and the possibilities for their fulfillment in a living space. Various studies examining different aspects of use value have often identified it with the quality of a living space. This is why one of the main aims of this paper is to reexamine the thesis claiming that use value is just one part which defines the quality of a living space and that these two terms are not equivalents. On the other hand, the paper presents a systematization of cause-and-effect relations between human needs and the basic principles and parameters for achieving use value within a living space. Although the term has not lost its importance since it was first used, the criteria for achieving a higher level of use value of a living space have not been sufficiently researched. Along with a comparative analysis of the terms value, use value and the quality of a living space, as well as an examination of the characteristic human needs present in each living space and ways of meeting them, the key contribution of the paper lies in defining the principles for achieving use value.
{"title":"Achieving use value of a living space","authors":"Djordje Alfirevic, Sanja Simonović-Alfirević","doi":"10.2298/SPAT2044022A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/SPAT2044022A","url":null,"abstract":"Use value is one of the key terms related to architectural functionality. The term itself denotes the level of usefulness of a living space for its user, i.e., to what extent the space can meet specific human needs. The paper analyzes the relations between characteristic human needs and the possibilities for their fulfillment in a living space. Various studies examining different aspects of use value have often identified it with the quality of a living space. This is why one of the main aims of this paper is to reexamine the thesis claiming that use value is just one part which defines the quality of a living space and that these two terms are not equivalents. On the other hand, the paper presents a systematization of cause-and-effect relations between human needs and the basic principles and parameters for achieving use value within a living space. Although the term has not lost its importance since it was first used, the criteria for achieving a higher level of use value of a living space have not been sufficiently researched. Along with a comparative analysis of the terms value, use value and the quality of a living space, as well as an examination of the characteristic human needs present in each living space and ways of meeting them, the key contribution of the paper lies in defining the principles for achieving use value.","PeriodicalId":38713,"journal":{"name":"Spatium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68813331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Bajat, Ognjen Antonijević, M. Kilibarda, Aleksandar Sekulić, J. Luković, Dejan Doljak, D. Burić
The assessment of the potential use of renewable energy resources requires reliable and precise data inputs for sustainable energy planning on a regional, national and local scale. In this study, we examine high spatial resolution grids of potential insolation and solar duration in order to determine the location of potential solar power plants in Montenegro. Grids with a 25-m spatial resolution of potential solar radiation and duration were produced based on observational records and publicly available high-resolution digital elevation model provided by the European Environment Agency. These results could be further used for the estimation and selection of a specific location for solar panels. With an average annual potential insolation of 1800 kWh/m? and solar duration of over 2000 h per year for most of its territory, Montenegro is one of the European countries with the highest potential for the development, production, and consumption of solar energy.
{"title":"Space-time high-resolution data of the potential insolation and solar duration for Montenegro","authors":"B. Bajat, Ognjen Antonijević, M. Kilibarda, Aleksandar Sekulić, J. Luković, Dejan Doljak, D. Burić","doi":"10.2298/SPAT2044045B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/SPAT2044045B","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of the potential use of renewable energy resources requires reliable and precise data inputs for sustainable energy planning on a regional, national and local scale. In this study, we examine high spatial resolution grids of potential insolation and solar duration in order to determine the location of potential solar power plants in Montenegro. Grids with a 25-m spatial resolution of potential solar radiation and duration were produced based on observational records and publicly available high-resolution digital elevation model provided by the European Environment Agency. These results could be further used for the estimation and selection of a specific location for solar panels. With an average annual potential insolation of 1800 kWh/m? and solar duration of over 2000 h per year for most of its territory, Montenegro is one of the European countries with the highest potential for the development, production, and consumption of solar energy.","PeriodicalId":38713,"journal":{"name":"Spatium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68813405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikola Krunić, Boško Josimović, A. Gajić, Marina Nenković-Riznić
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for waste management planning (WMP) has been applied around the world for fifteen years now. In addition to identifying potential trends in space and the environment by means of WMP, the SEA process contributes to involving the general public in issues relevant to the environment. In turn, the endpoint of the SEA process is a set of results that enable appropriate decisions to be made related to WMP. Bearing this in mind, it is necessary for all the segments of the SEA process to be supported by specific spatial analyses and presentations enabling visual monitoring of the results. In this context, an important role is played by GIS tools, since they offer support to the SEA process and give it a new quality, which, in addition to visualizing the results, also increases objectivity in the evaluation of the planned solutions. This paper presents the deployment of GIS tools in spatial analysis and the support they provide for the SEA process during the development of the Agro-Waste Management Plan for Oplenac Vineyard in Serbia (AWMP). The results indicate the possibility of applying GIS tools to increase objectivity in the Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) of the planned solutions in the SEA process.
{"title":"Territorial analysis as support to the strategic environmental assessment process for agro-waste management planning","authors":"Nikola Krunić, Boško Josimović, A. Gajić, Marina Nenković-Riznić","doi":"10.2298/spat1942016k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/spat1942016k","url":null,"abstract":"Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for waste management planning (WMP)\u0000 has been applied around the world for fifteen years now. In addition to\u0000 identifying potential trends in space and the environment by means of WMP,\u0000 the SEA process contributes to involving the general public in issues\u0000 relevant to the environment. In turn, the endpoint of the SEA process is a\u0000 set of results that enable appropriate decisions to be made related to WMP.\u0000 Bearing this in mind, it is necessary for all the segments of the SEA\u0000 process to be supported by specific spatial analyses and presentations\u0000 enabling visual monitoring of the results. In this context, an important\u0000 role is played by GIS tools, since they offer support to the SEA process and\u0000 give it a new quality, which, in addition to visualizing the results, also\u0000 increases objectivity in the evaluation of the planned solutions. This paper\u0000 presents the deployment of GIS tools in spatial analysis and the support\u0000 they provide for the SEA process during the development of the Agro-Waste\u0000 Management Plan for Oplenac Vineyard in Serbia (AWMP). The results indicate\u0000 the possibility of applying GIS tools to increase objectivity in the\u0000 Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) of the planned solutions in the SEA process.","PeriodicalId":38713,"journal":{"name":"Spatium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42834706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Starting from the fact that the reality of the world of projections is comprehensive only when its architectural reality is created outside that reality, to become a new reality within reality, the paper addresses establishment of the relationship between an architect designer and reality, by his double presence within and outside reality. The existence of reality is questionable, because the actuality of the world of projections, which, though present in reality, often does not have meaning and is therefore created outside reality, only to exist again with meaning. In that relation, as the real world in reality, it is expressed also as an unreal world outside reality, whose imaginary reality is studied with architectural projection in a lifelike scope of reality. That way, the meaning of the projection in the process of architectural design is checked by projecting its meaning outside reality, while in the transition of an architectural design from one reality into another, the architect designer also develops his/her creative role, by reading and connecting individual (personal) and collective (universal) codes of the world of projections, which exists as two-folded and realistic in the reality scope. Key words: coding, reality, dream, world of projections, negation.
{"title":"Boundaries of reality in the process of architectural design","authors":"Jelena Bogosavljevic","doi":"10.2298/spat1942049b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/spat1942049b","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from the fact that the reality of the world of projections is\u0000 comprehensive only when its architectural reality is created outside that\u0000 reality, to become a new reality within reality, the paper addresses\u0000 establishment of the relationship between an architect designer and reality,\u0000 by his double presence within and outside reality. The existence of reality\u0000 is questionable, because the actuality of the world of projections, which,\u0000 though present in reality, often does not have meaning and is therefore\u0000 created outside reality, only to exist again with meaning. In that relation,\u0000 as the real world in reality, it is expressed also as an unreal world\u0000 outside reality, whose imaginary reality is studied with architectural\u0000 projection in a lifelike scope of reality. That way, the meaning of the\u0000 projection in the process of architectural design is checked by projecting\u0000 its meaning outside reality, while in the transition of an architectural\u0000 design from one reality into another, the architect designer also develops\u0000 his/her creative role, by reading and connecting individual (personal) and\u0000 collective (universal) codes of the world of projections, which exists as\u0000 two-folded and realistic in the reality scope. Key words: coding, reality,\u0000 dream, world of projections, negation.","PeriodicalId":38713,"journal":{"name":"Spatium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43725064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a functional sense, the centre of the living space is a gathering area for its users and for visitors. In most cases, the living area has at least one space towards which its users gravitate daily or occasionally. In situations where there are two or more centres in the living area, their position, size and connection determine the character of the functional organization, and they result from the social needs of the users. This paper analyzes characteristic examples of how dwellings are organized with several gathering centres, drawing out three basic concepts: a) living space with centres grouped in a social zone, b) living space with a flexible centre on the boundary between zones and c) living space with a secondary centre in a private area. On the other hand, attention is drawn to the existence of different boundaries of territoriality (boundaries of ownership, hospitality and intimacy), which determine the domains of social, private and intimate zones in housing. Depending on whether the gathering centres are located on one side, on the other, or along the border of territoriality, the degree of intimacy of the living space also changes.
{"title":"Spatial organization concepts for living spaces with two centres","authors":"Djordje Alfirevic, Sanja Simonović-Alfirević","doi":"10.2298/spat1942001a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/spat1942001a","url":null,"abstract":"In a functional sense, the centre of the living space is a gathering area for\u0000 its users and for visitors. In most cases, the living area has at least one\u0000 space towards which its users gravitate daily or occasionally. In situations\u0000 where there are two or more centres in the living area, their position, size\u0000 and connection determine the character of the functional organization, and\u0000 they result from the social needs of the users. This paper analyzes\u0000 characteristic examples of how dwellings are organized with several\u0000 gathering centres, drawing out three basic concepts: a) living space with\u0000 centres grouped in a social zone, b) living space with a flexible centre on\u0000 the boundary between zones and c) living space with a secondary centre in a\u0000 private area. On the other hand, attention is drawn to the existence of\u0000 different boundaries of territoriality (boundaries of ownership, hospitality\u0000 and intimacy), which determine the domains of social, private and intimate\u0000 zones in housing. Depending on whether the gathering centres are located on\u0000 one side, on the other, or along the border of territoriality, the degree of\u0000 intimacy of the living space also changes.","PeriodicalId":38713,"journal":{"name":"Spatium","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48006865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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