Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie最新文献

What should we know about the skin as an application site for (not only) dermo-cosmetic products? The human skin can undoubtedly be regarded as the largest organ of the human body. This multi-layered selectively permeable tissue protects internal organs and other tissues from damage and is in direct contact with the surrounding environment. Part of this environment includes various substances, medicinal preparations, medical devices, and cosmetics. This article highlights selected facts regarding human skin's structure, significance, and role in local/topical product application. In addition to the overall condition of the skin (healthy vs. diseased), the structure of epidermis/stratum corneum and the pH of the skin surface are key factors influencing the effectiveness of (not only) cosmetic products applied to the skin.

Omega-3 fatty acids in nutrition and supplementation Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have gained significant attention in the field of nutrition and health due to their many positive effects. This article provides a review of n-3 PUFAs, including their definition, classification, structural and functional characteristics, as well as their importance in nutrition and supplementation. In addition, it describes nutritional sources, discusses maximum doses, and describes recommended daily doses.

Pain and possibilities of its self-treatment - what can be recommended in a pharmacy? Pain is one of the most common health problems for which patients seek help in the pharmacy. Pharmacists and pharmaceutical assistants are the most easily approachable healthcare professionals with deep pharmacotherapeutic knowledge and therefore are able to recommend appropriate pain self-medication including non-pharmacological therapy based on evaluation of patient´s problems and other factors. This article summarizes mainly pharmacological pain treatment options with currently available over-the-counter medicines, also some non-pharmacological recommendations and tries to emphasize rational approach in terms of safety of pharmacotherapy (adverse reactions, dosing). The aim of this article is to provide an evidence-based medicine overview of therapeutic options and a guideline for approach to treatment of all types of pain appropriate for self-medication in the pharmacy.

Safety of injectable dosage forms during their preparation and administration by nurses in hospitals: a literature review Introduction and Aim: Medication errors in hospitals are still frequent and significant for patient safety and associated healthcare costs. Especially, injectable dosage forms pose the high risk. The aim of this study was to review the current literature focused on medication errors related to injectable drug forms during their preparation and administration by nurses in hospitals.

Methods: Databases Medline and Scopus were used for the literature review. Papers dealing with intravenous (i. v.), intramuscular (i. m.), or subcutaneous (s. c.) administration by nurses in hospitals using direct observation method for data collection were searched. Original papers, systematic reviews or meta-analyses published in English by the end of 2022 were included.

Results: A total of 334 papers were retrieved, of which 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. 17 studies were observational (8 descriptive, 9 analytical) and 4 interventional. Medication errors were very common, moreover, critical steps of the medication process and possible interventions were identified.

Conclusion: The results showed that the process of preparing and administering injectable dosage forms is a high-risk process. In the provision of healthcare, relevant measures must be set up to maximise patient safety.

The importance of neurotropic vitamins in the prevention and adjuvant therapy of peripheral neuropathy - A pharmacist's comprehensive view Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common neurological diseases of the peripheral nervous system. According to current statistics, it affects 2.4% of the Czech population, and its prevalence continues to increase with age. The possibilities of its treatment are to a large extent limited, and its effectiveness and the patient's tolerance of pharmacotherapy are individual. Neurotropic vitamins, which support the function of neurons and contribute to their protection and regeneration, represent a promising possibility for prevention and use in adjuvant therapy for patients suffering from this disease. Despite the fact that the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral neuropathy belong to the doctor, the role of the pharmacist can be crucial not only in the area of ensuring effective and safe pharmacotherapy and adherence to it, but also in pre-screening of at-risk persons visiting pharmacies. The primary aim of the article is therefore to familiarize readers with the significance of neurotropic vitamins in the prevention and adjunct therapy of peripheral neuropathy, as well as the role of the pharmacist in the care of patients suffering from this condition.

Comprehensive and Rational Approach to Photoprotection Complex and rational photoprotection is a fundamental prerequisite for limiting the harmful effects of UV radiation on the human body. It primarily includes avoiding the sun or eliminating being in the sun, using photoprotective textiles, sunglasses with a UV filter, and sunscreens. Although the focus is primarily on choosing the optimal sunscreen and the UV filters it contains, sufficient and repeated application is essential. This article aims to summarize the abovementioned aspects, highlight the importance of comprehensive measures, and remind readers that even photoprotection must be approached with common sense.

Current pharmacotherapy of rosacea Up to one-fifth of patients in GP surgeries have skin diseases. One of the most serious is rosacea, which can significantly reduce quality of life and increase the incidence of psychosocial disorders (depression, anxiety, social isolation) in patients with this disease. The prevalence of the disease is reported to be around 10 %. Successful dermatological treatment of rosacea is a complex process involving a correct diagnostic assessment, choosing an appropriate therapeutic approach for the patient. It is mainly guided by the severity of symptoms, the psychological impact on the patient and the compliance to treatment. Primarily, provocative factors should be reduced, and dermocosmetics available in the pharmacy can be used as a supportive and complementary treatment. The results of pharmacological treatment are often unsatisfactory.

Pharmaceutical care for patients with acne Acne is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease affecting mostly adolescents, but it can persist into adulthood. The aim of treatment is to improve the patient's dermatological condition and improve the overall quality of life. Pharmacists play a very important role in the care of acne patients and this article reviews opportunities for pharmaceutical care of such patients. Pharmacists can identify patients with different forms of acne, engage in acne prevention including lifestyle modifications, and contribute to optimizing the choice and use of appropriate pharmacotherapy accompanied by non-pharmacological approaches according to the specific patient characteristics. The mainstay of acne treatment is topical pharmacotherapy, where over-the-counter products containing benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid may be recommended for mild to moderate forms of acne. Retinoids or their combination with antibiotics are prescribed for moderate and severe forms of acne. When topical treatment is ineffective or resistant, systemic treatment including for example oral antibiotics or isotretinoin is considered. Pharmacists thus engage themselves in maximizing the effect and minimizing the risks of these drugs and, last but not least, educating patients on how to properly care for their skin using so called dermocosmetics, which is defined in this article.

Oral supplementation of sodium, potassium and phosphate ions in extemporaneous preparation The article deals with the possibilities of oral supplementation of three selected ions - sodium, potassium and phosphate, by means of individually prepared medicines. It forms an overview of the most frequently used extemporaneous prescriptions in the University Hospital in Motol. It deals with the description of available raw materials and theoretical characteristics of ions. For selected formulations, the amount of ions is given in both mass and molar terms. The formulas reflect the need for ion supplementation in appropriate doses and appropriate dosage form according to the individual needs of patients.

Comprehensive therapy of upper functional dyspepsia: the potential of herbal medicines Functional gastrointestinal disorders are among the most common diseases. The treatment of these conditions must be comprehensive. The foundation of therapy includes lifestyle modifications, appropriate dietary adjustments, physiotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. Herbal medicines can also play a significant role in self-treatment.