Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie最新文献

What should we know about the skin as an application site for (not only) dermo-cosmetic products? The human skin can undoubtedly be regarded as the largest organ of the human body. This multi-layered selectively permeable tissue protects internal organs and other tissues from damage and is in direct contact with the surrounding environment. Part of this environment includes various substances, medicinal preparations, medical devices, and cosmetics. This article highlights selected facts regarding human skin's structure, significance, and role in local/topical product application. In addition to the overall condition of the skin (healthy vs. diseased), the structure of epidermis/stratum corneum and the pH of the skin surface are key factors influencing the effectiveness of (not only) cosmetic products applied to the skin.

The article describes composition of the medical collection in the Broumov Benedictine convent library based on a catalogue from the year 1801, with detailed description of titles on pharmacy and botanics. This is followed by comparison with contemporary content of the "Medici" library department, identification of previous book owners and users based on records on preserved books, and an attempt to find out how the monastery communicated with its secular surroundings in the field of pharmacy.

Worldwide, hundreds of millions of people have been infected with COVID-19 since December 2019; however, about 20% or less developed severe symptoms. The main aim of the current study was to  assess  the  relationship  between  the  severity of Covid-19 and different clinical and laboratory parameters. A total number of 466 Arabs have willingly joined this prospective cohort. Out of the total number, 297 subjects (63.7%) had negative COVID-19 tests, and thus, they were recruited as controls, while 169 subjects (36.3%) who tested positive for COVID-19 were enrolled as cases. Out of the total number of COVID-19 patients, 127 (75.15%) presented with mild symptoms, and 42 (24.85%) had severe symptoms. The age range for the participants was 20 to 82 years. Compared with controls, the severity of the disease was associated with significantly high ferritin levels (P < 0.001). The severity of the disease was also associated with a significant increase in C-reactive protein (P < 0.001), D-dimer (P < 0.001), white blood cell count (WBC) (P < 0.01), IgM (P < 0.001), and Granulocytes (P < 0.01). In addition, severe COVID-19 symptoms in the current study were associated with a significant decrease in lymphocytes (P < 0.01). There was a four-fold increase in serum ferritin levels in COVID-19 patients presented with severe symptoms upon admission. The former was associated with significantly high levels of CRP and D-dimer. Thus, hyperferritinemia, together with high CRP and D-dimer concentrations, may serve as reliable predictors for disease severity and poor prognosis in Arabs with COVID-19.

Pain and possibilities of its self-treatment - what can be recommended in a pharmacy? Pain is one of the most common health problems for which patients seek help in the pharmacy. Pharmacists and pharmaceutical assistants are the most easily approachable healthcare professionals with deep pharmacotherapeutic knowledge and therefore are able to recommend appropriate pain self-medication including non-pharmacological therapy based on evaluation of patient´s problems and other factors. This article summarizes mainly pharmacological pain treatment options with currently available over-the-counter medicines, also some non-pharmacological recommendations and tries to emphasize rational approach in terms of safety of pharmacotherapy (adverse reactions, dosing). The aim of this article is to provide an evidence-based medicine overview of therapeutic options and a guideline for approach to treatment of all types of pain appropriate for self-medication in the pharmacy.

Safety of injectable dosage forms during their preparation and administration by nurses in hospitals: a literature review Introduction and Aim: Medication errors in hospitals are still frequent and significant for patient safety and associated healthcare costs. Especially, injectable dosage forms pose the high risk. The aim of this study was to review the current literature focused on medication errors related to injectable drug forms during their preparation and administration by nurses in hospitals.

Methods: Databases Medline and Scopus were used for the literature review. Papers dealing with intravenous (i. v.), intramuscular (i. m.), or subcutaneous (s. c.) administration by nurses in hospitals using direct observation method for data collection were searched. Original papers, systematic reviews or meta-analyses published in English by the end of 2022 were included.

Results: A total of 334 papers were retrieved, of which 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. 17 studies were observational (8 descriptive, 9 analytical) and 4 interventional. Medication errors were very common, moreover, critical steps of the medication process and possible interventions were identified.

Conclusion: The results showed that the process of preparing and administering injectable dosage forms is a high-risk process. In the provision of healthcare, relevant measures must be set up to maximise patient safety.

Omega-3 fatty acids in nutrition and supplementation Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have gained significant attention in the field of nutrition and health due to their many positive effects. This article provides a review of n-3 PUFAs, including their definition, classification, structural and functional characteristics, as well as their importance in nutrition and supplementation. In addition, it describes nutritional sources, discusses maximum doses, and describes recommended daily doses.

The importance of neurotropic vitamins in the prevention and adjuvant therapy of peripheral neuropathy - A pharmacist's comprehensive view Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common neurological diseases of the peripheral nervous system. According to current statistics, it affects 2.4% of the Czech population, and its prevalence continues to increase with age. The possibilities of its treatment are to a large extent limited, and its effectiveness and the patient's tolerance of pharmacotherapy are individual. Neurotropic vitamins, which support the function of neurons and contribute to their protection and regeneration, represent a promising possibility for prevention and use in adjuvant therapy for patients suffering from this disease. Despite the fact that the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral neuropathy belong to the doctor, the role of the pharmacist can be crucial not only in the area of ensuring effective and safe pharmacotherapy and adherence to it, but also in pre-screening of at-risk persons visiting pharmacies. The primary aim of the article is therefore to familiarize readers with the significance of neurotropic vitamins in the prevention and adjunct therapy of peripheral neuropathy, as well as the role of the pharmacist in the care of patients suffering from this condition.

Comprehensive and Rational Approach to Photoprotection Complex and rational photoprotection is a fundamental prerequisite for limiting the harmful effects of UV radiation on the human body. It primarily includes avoiding the sun or eliminating being in the sun, using photoprotective textiles, sunglasses with a UV filter, and sunscreens. Although the focus is primarily on choosing the optimal sunscreen and the UV filters it contains, sufficient and repeated application is essential. This article aims to summarize the abovementioned aspects, highlight the importance of comprehensive measures, and remind readers that even photoprotection must be approached with common sense.

The paper presents the results of a study devoted to the synthesis, evaluation of physicochemical properties, antiradical, and antimicrobial activity of pyrazole-containing heterocyclic hybrids. It has been shown that pyrazole bearing heterocyclic hybrids that contain quinazoline, triazoloquinazoline or triazole moieties are available via a series of reactions that include the interaction of 4-chloroquinazoline with pyrazole-containing hydrazides, cyclization of formed products into corresponding triazoloquinazolines, and hydrolytic cleavage of the electron-deficient tricyclic system. The structures of synthesized compounds have been verified by a complex of physicochemical methods, and the features of 1H NMR spectral characteristics have been described as well. The evaluation of obtained compounds' biological activity revealed a moderate bacteriostatic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, as well as high radical scavenging activity of some of the studied heterocyclic hybrids.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that affects approximately 5-10 % of women of reproductive age. PCOS can have a significant impact on the quality of life of affected women, contributing to fertility problems and increasing the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of indicated 6-month pharmacotherapy in patients with PCOS. Data were collected from the medical records of patients in the gynecological outpatient clinic in Stara Lubovna. A total of 980 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 40 (4 %) were diagnosed with PCOS. At the beginning of the study, the patients were divided into three groups based on the main goal of therapy. The first group consisted of patients aged between 18 and 24 years for whom the primary therapeutic goal was the treatment of menstrual cycle disorders and the treatment of acne (N=13). The second group consisted of patients aged 25 to 35 years who were planning to become pregnant and the therapy was aimed at treating infertility (N= 19). The third group consisted of patients aged 36 years and older who already had a personal history of pregnancy, were not planning another pregnancy, and the therapy was focused on the comprehensive treatment of metabolic syndrome and alopecia (N= 8). To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, the mean values of Body Mass Index (BMI) and hormonal profile of the patients were compared by paired t-test (GraphPad Prism 8.3.0), before the start of pharmacotherapy and after 6 months of treatment. Results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Our results confirm the success and efficacy of the indicated pharmacotherapy in all three groups. The selected pharmacotherapy contributed to the modification of the hormonal profile of the patients. The results suggest that PCOS therapy requires complex pharmacotherapy, individual approach and high adherence rate of patients.