Ceska a Slovenska Farmacie最新文献

Oral supplementation of sodium, potassium and phosphate ions in extemporaneous preparation The article deals with the possibilities of oral supplementation of three selected ions - sodium, potassium and phosphate, by means of individually prepared medicines. It forms an overview of the most frequently used extemporaneous prescriptions in the University Hospital in Motol. It deals with the description of available raw materials and theoretical characteristics of ions. For selected formulations, the amount of ions is given in both mass and molar terms. The formulas reflect the need for ion supplementation in appropriate doses and appropriate dosage form according to the individual needs of patients.

Pharmaceutical care for patients with acne Acne is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease affecting mostly adolescents, but it can persist into adulthood. The aim of treatment is to improve the patient's dermatological condition and improve the overall quality of life. Pharmacists play a very important role in the care of acne patients and this article reviews opportunities for pharmaceutical care of such patients. Pharmacists can identify patients with different forms of acne, engage in acne prevention including lifestyle modifications, and contribute to optimizing the choice and use of appropriate pharmacotherapy accompanied by non-pharmacological approaches according to the specific patient characteristics. The mainstay of acne treatment is topical pharmacotherapy, where over-the-counter products containing benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid may be recommended for mild to moderate forms of acne. Retinoids or their combination with antibiotics are prescribed for moderate and severe forms of acne. When topical treatment is ineffective or resistant, systemic treatment including for example oral antibiotics or isotretinoin is considered. Pharmacists thus engage themselves in maximizing the effect and minimizing the risks of these drugs and, last but not least, educating patients on how to properly care for their skin using so called dermocosmetics, which is defined in this article.

Comprehensive therapy of upper functional dyspepsia: the potential of herbal medicines Functional gastrointestinal disorders are among the most common diseases. The treatment of these conditions must be comprehensive. The foundation of therapy includes lifestyle modifications, appropriate dietary adjustments, physiotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. Herbal medicines can also play a significant role in self-treatment.

Current pharmacotherapy of rosacea Up to one-fifth of patients in GP surgeries have skin diseases. One of the most serious is rosacea, which can significantly reduce quality of life and increase the incidence of psychosocial disorders (depression, anxiety, social isolation) in patients with this disease. The prevalence of the disease is reported to be around 10 %. Successful dermatological treatment of rosacea is a complex process involving a correct diagnostic assessment, choosing an appropriate therapeutic approach for the patient. It is mainly guided by the severity of symptoms, the psychological impact on the patient and the compliance to treatment. Primarily, provocative factors should be reduced, and dermocosmetics available in the pharmacy can be used as a supportive and complementary treatment. The results of pharmacological treatment are often unsatisfactory.

Introduction and aim: Chronic obstructive lung diseases, including bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, among others, are characterized by inadequate adherence to inhalation technique. Evaluation of inhalation technique and subsequent repeated patient's education should be a routine part of therapy management. The aim of this article was to provide an overview of tools used to assess inhalation technique in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease based on a literature search and to analyse in more detail individual questionnaires/checklists specific for a group of inhalers or for a particular type of inhaler.

Methods:  Bibliographic database PubMed was used for the literature review. Original papers in Czech, English, German and French published in the period 2014-2023 focusing on assessing inhalation technique in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease were included.

Results:  The inclusion criteria were met by 66 studies, of which 49 studies assessed inhalation technique using individual questionnaires/checklists, 10 studies using electronic monitoring devices, 7 studies using the TAI-12 (Test of the Adherence to Inhalers) and 1 study using Vitalograph AIMTM (Aerosol Inhalation Monitor). In some works, a combination of the above methods was used.

Conclusion:  The use of individual questionnaires/checklists, whose reproducibility is limited due to their heterogeneity and inconsistent terminology, dominated the evaluation of inhalation technique. There is a need to introduce a simple validated tool applicable to all types of inhalation systems to unify the assessment of inhalation technique in research and clinical practice.

Pharmacovigilance, pivotal in ensuring drug safety and regulatory compliance, requires meticulous surveillance and adherence to ethical standards. This article explores the multifaceted realm of pharmacovigilance, emphasizing the essential role of pharmacovigilance audits and compliance monitoring. By delving into key areas such as drug safety surveillance, signal detection, literature monitoring, and ethical considerations, this research sheds light on critical aspects of pharmacovigilance activities. The paper examines the outcomes of pharmacovigilance audits, highlighting common findings and areas for improvement to enhance regulatory compliance and the safety of pharmaceutical products. Insights gleaned from real-world experiences and regulatory guidelines underscore the importance of fostering a culture of good practice and ethical conduct in pharmacovigilance activities. By addressing challenges and trends, and elucidating the critical interaction between regulatory compliance, signal detection, and ethical considerations, this article provides valuable insights for stakeholders in the pharmaceutical industry, aiding them in optimizing pharmacovigilance systems and safeguarding patient safety.

Paratext in Antidotarium Cassoviense (1732) In 1732, a work known as Antidotarium Cassoviense was published in Košice, which represents the first attempt at a pharmacopoeia in the territory of Hungarian kingdom. It is very brief, with 28 pages in quarto format. The paper deals with the paratext of the Košice Antidotarium. It contains a translation of all its parts from Latin into Slovak as well as a commentary on them. The parts of the paratext are the title page, the preface, the appendix, the approval of the doctors and the colophon. The preface names two reasons for the publication, one, to try to restore the reputation of the city pharmacy, the other, to help the health of the reader, the city of Košice and the whole Upper Hungary. The paratext mentions three times the removal of old, ineffective medicines, which were even burned in public. The author of the text, the provisor Thaurenti, begs the reader to trust this work and invites him to cooperate.

Proper medication administration in relation to beverage or food is one of the essential tools to achieve the pharmacotherapy goals. It is not known whether this is also considered in the care of inpatients. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the current practice of medication administration in relation to food and beverages to patients hospitalized in four hospitals in the Czech Republic. This study was conducted based on the results of the first phase of a prospective observation study focused on the safety of medication administration performed by nurses. All data, including the timing of medication administration in relation to food and the data on beverages used, were obtained by the method of direct observation. The team of observersaccompanied the nurse during medication administration. The appropriateness of the medication administration in relationto food/beverages was assessed according to the summary of product characteristics and the published literature. In total, the administration of 5718 oral medications and 198 insulins were analysed. Unproper food timing wasobserved in 15.7% of oral medication administrations and 26.8% of insulin administrations. The highest number ofunproper food timing occurred in the proton pump inhibitors, antihypertensives, and prokinetics. Tea (63.4%) was the most used beverage. Errors with clinically serious impact have been observed in some groups of drugs. The necessity of a systemic approach in management of medication administration is required including interdisciplinary cooperation.

Available diagnostic tests in the pharmacy and the role of the pharmacist The topic of in vitro diagnostic tests is a relatively robust area of medical devices. It includes tests used in the providing of healthcare, i.e., intended for healthcare professionals, and a group of tests intended directly for consumers (Direct-To-Consumer tests). The subject of the following article is diagnostic tests intended for home in vitro self-testing of patients in the Czech Republic. The aim is to present a basic overview of the available tests, to present the principle of diagnostic tests and in selected groups of tests to summarise the most important information for the correct performance of tests that should be part of pharmaceutical care.

Medical devices in wound healing V: Special types of wound plasters II Patches represent a broad category of medical devices with versatile applications that go far beyond their traditional function as wound dressings. This article focuses on the other possible utilization of patches, such as fixation patches for cannulas, patches for epicutaneous tests, warming and cooling patches, patches for acne, anti-snoring patches, and mosquito-repellent patches. In addition to their specific functions, the article highlights the importance of correct application, which represents crucial knowledge not only for pharmacists and pharmacy assistants but also for other healthcare professionals who work with these patches in practice.