Pub Date : 2023-08-18DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1235
C. Ghazaei, S. Amjad
Bacterial glycans are essential components of bacterial walls and crucially important cell surface antigens such as lipopolysaccharide and polysaccharide capsules, which act as virulence-causing factors. Polysaccharide capsules in bacteria are naturally composed of recurring oligosaccharides and lipopolysaccharides. LPS is composed of domains that are hydrophobic in nature known as lipid A or endotoxin, which is a nonrepeating oligosaccharide "core", and an O-antigen. Interaction of glycan-receptor is critical in pattern recognition of microorganisms and regulatory signals that perform regular immune cell activities. The true glycan structure is important for collaboration with the immune system of host, as demonstrated by microorganisms that produce polycarbohydrates that mimic host particles in order to evade the immunity of host. Certain bacteria circumvent antibody defences by molecularly mimicking the glycan structures of host and masquerade as "self" to avoid identification by immune system. Phages are the most prevalent biological entities on our planet, and they evolved glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) to bind to bacterial glycans. These proteins are in charge of the breakdown of antibodies and are impervious to harsh conditions where bacteria live for example, the gut of mammals, water, and soil. In order to increase contact with bacterial glycans, the phages manufacture multimeric proteins.
{"title":"Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis: Bacterial Surface Glycans as The Virulence Factor and Role in Pathogen Bacteria","authors":"C. Ghazaei, S. Amjad","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1235","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial glycans are essential components of bacterial walls and crucially important cell surface antigens such as lipopolysaccharide and polysaccharide capsules, which act as virulence-causing factors. Polysaccharide capsules in bacteria are naturally composed of recurring oligosaccharides and lipopolysaccharides. LPS is composed of domains that are hydrophobic in nature known as lipid A or endotoxin, which is a nonrepeating oligosaccharide \"core\", and an O-antigen. Interaction of glycan-receptor is critical in pattern recognition of microorganisms and regulatory signals that perform regular immune cell activities. The true glycan structure is important for collaboration with the immune system of host, as demonstrated by microorganisms that produce polycarbohydrates that mimic host particles in order to evade the immunity of host. Certain bacteria circumvent antibody defences by molecularly mimicking the glycan structures of host and masquerade as \"self\" to avoid identification by immune system. Phages are the most prevalent biological entities on our planet, and they evolved glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) to bind to bacterial glycans. These proteins are in charge of the breakdown of antibodies and are impervious to harsh conditions where bacteria live for example, the gut of mammals, water, and soil. In order to increase contact with bacterial glycans, the phages manufacture multimeric proteins.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43817630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1353
W. Z. Wan Ismail
Nowadays, fibre optic sensors have been widely used to detect temperature, pressure, vibration and other physical properties. To design high performance fibre optics sensors, sensing elements such as light propagation need to be investigated for parameters such as absorbance, transmittance and scattering. In this study, the backscattered light is studied and modelled using MATLAB based on Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering. The scattering effects on the output power and Stokes power are clearly seen where both powers reduce with the increase of fibre length. The Rayleigh power in terms of Coherent Rayleigh Noise is studied where broader source linewidth, higher spatial resolution and lower group velocity produce less noise. The less fluctuation due to noise can be attributed to the less temporal and spatial fluctuations of the optical pump power or pump current. The output from this research can benefit experimental studies to design fibre optic sensors in future.
{"title":"Modelling Backscattered Light in Fibre Optic Based on Light Propagation","authors":"W. Z. Wan Ismail","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1353","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, fibre optic sensors have been widely used to detect temperature, pressure, vibration and other physical properties. To design high performance fibre optics sensors, sensing elements such as light propagation need to be investigated for parameters such as absorbance, transmittance and scattering. In this study, the backscattered light is studied and modelled using MATLAB based on Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering. The scattering effects on the output power and Stokes power are clearly seen where both powers reduce with the increase of fibre length. The Rayleigh power in terms of Coherent Rayleigh Noise is studied where broader source linewidth, higher spatial resolution and lower group velocity produce less noise. The less fluctuation due to noise can be attributed to the less temporal and spatial fluctuations of the optical pump power or pump current. The output from this research can benefit experimental studies to design fibre optic sensors in future.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43514995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1275
Norasykin Mohd Zaid
The pandemic of COVID-19 has dreadfully forced a global shut down of educational activities and caused a crisis-response where schools and institutions prompted online learning to serve as the alternative educational platform. The migration from face-to-face teaching into an online system had led to a tremendous problem since most educators had little or no training at all. Thus, this study aimed to produce a review of educators’ experiences in conducting emergency remote teaching during pandemic. This paper presented a review of empirical studies published between January to December 2020. A systematic search was conducted in Scopus. The inclusion criteria were primary studies of teachers’ experiences in conducting emergency remote teaching (ERT). The included studies were reviewed based on their methodology, setting and population, scopes of study and thematic coding of teachers’ experiences. The findings of this study indicated that there was room for improvement in teachers’ profession and online instructional models to prepare for the unknown incoming crisis.
{"title":"A Review of Educators’ Experiences in Conducting Emergency Remote Teaching During Pandemic COVID-19","authors":"Norasykin Mohd Zaid","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1275","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic of COVID-19 has dreadfully forced a global shut down of educational activities and caused a crisis-response where schools and institutions prompted online learning to serve as the alternative educational platform. The migration from face-to-face teaching into an online system had led to a tremendous problem since most educators had little or no training at all. Thus, this study aimed to produce a review of educators’ experiences in conducting emergency remote teaching during pandemic. This paper presented a review of empirical studies published between January to December 2020. A systematic search was conducted in Scopus. The inclusion criteria were primary studies of teachers’ experiences in conducting emergency remote teaching (ERT). The included studies were reviewed based on their methodology, setting and population, scopes of study and thematic coding of teachers’ experiences. The findings of this study indicated that there was room for improvement in teachers’ profession and online instructional models to prepare for the unknown incoming crisis.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49501581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1419
H. L. Tan, Y. P. Lim, Nadia Syakirah Mohd Nahar, M. S. So'aib, N. F. Abu Bakar
Agricultural waste residue such as empty fruit bunch (EFB) has great potential as an alternative feedstock in pulp and paper industry. This study provides insights into the use of EFB as an alternative non-wood fibre resource for pulping and papermaking. EFB was mixed with used paper (UP) according to the ratio of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 on dry basis. The hemi-cellulose and lignin contents in EFB was removed by soda-pulping using 15% w/v sodium hydroxide for 30 minutes at 100°C. Chemical analyses were performed to determine the ash content, lignin content, and the cellulose content (Rowel method). Physical and mechanical properties of the EFB/UP paper were characterised according to the TAPPI Standards including grammage, porosity, moisture content and tensile strength. The average fibre length of all EFB/UP papers showed different fibre length ranging from 1.0 to 1.2 mm. EFB25 (25% EFB) was found to have the least moisture content of 7.28% meanwhile EFB100 had the least ash content of 2.28% and the highest cellulose and lignin content of 45.22% and 26.5%, respectively. EFB25 demonstrated the highest tensile index of 2.01 Nm/g. There are no major colour changes and no trace of fungal growth on the surface of all paper samples after 4 weeks of storage without temperature and humidity control. It was found that paper with EFB25 displayed good physical appearance with grammage of 59.8 g/m2 that is almost comparable to commercialised paper of 70 g/m2 and suitable for writing.
{"title":"Recovery of Pulp from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Used Paper for Sustainable Paper Production","authors":"H. L. Tan, Y. P. Lim, Nadia Syakirah Mohd Nahar, M. S. So'aib, N. F. Abu Bakar","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1419","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural waste residue such as empty fruit bunch (EFB) has great potential as an alternative feedstock in pulp and paper industry. This study provides insights into the use of EFB as an alternative non-wood fibre resource for pulping and papermaking. EFB was mixed with used paper (UP) according to the ratio of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 on dry basis. The hemi-cellulose and lignin contents in EFB was removed by soda-pulping using 15% w/v sodium hydroxide for 30 minutes at 100°C. Chemical analyses were performed to determine the ash content, lignin content, and the cellulose content (Rowel method). Physical and mechanical properties of the EFB/UP paper were characterised according to the TAPPI Standards including grammage, porosity, moisture content and tensile strength. The average fibre length of all EFB/UP papers showed different fibre length ranging from 1.0 to 1.2 mm. EFB25 (25% EFB) was found to have the least moisture content of 7.28% meanwhile EFB100 had the least ash content of 2.28% and the highest cellulose and lignin content of 45.22% and 26.5%, respectively. EFB25 demonstrated the highest tensile index of 2.01 Nm/g. There are no major colour changes and no trace of fungal growth on the surface of all paper samples after 4 weeks of storage without temperature and humidity control. It was found that paper with EFB25 displayed good physical appearance with grammage of 59.8 g/m2 that is almost comparable to commercialised paper of 70 g/m2 and suitable for writing.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45441186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1370
M. Anggaryani, T. Prastowo, N. Suprapto, Jonatan A. Lassa, M. Madlazim, F. A. Alifteria, A. I. Agusty, Nurita Apridiana Lestari
Efforts and discourses of the need to integrate disaster education into a science curriculum for university students in Indonesia are well documented. However, lecturers need more room to introduce Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in a way that involves students as experiential learners. Integrating DRR into Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) subjects is a crucial point. The current study used virtual reality (VR) as a pedagogical tool for learning through experience to promote STEM-DRR at tertiary levels of education. This experimental study aimed to determine the effects of VR use on students' experiential learning based on the VR online training developed activities. The methods for data collection included observation and survey. Ten participants were in the final year of their study and were recruited based on their interest in using VR media for their thesis. The results showed that half of the participants understood the training content, and 40% were classified as knowledgeable before training. In addition, significant contributions to the learning process were observed in training, where half participants were satisfied with the new skills attained, and 80% of the participants argued that the training was beneficial to their final projects. Thus, in the present study integrating STEM-DRR into the VR training content to promote students' awareness of disaster risk is considered successful. In conclusion, the results suggest that technology-enhanced learning supports distance learning and is proven economical and efficient.
{"title":"Virtual Reality as Experiential Learning to Promote STEM-DRR in Tertiary Education","authors":"M. Anggaryani, T. Prastowo, N. Suprapto, Jonatan A. Lassa, M. Madlazim, F. A. Alifteria, A. I. Agusty, Nurita Apridiana Lestari","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1370","url":null,"abstract":"Efforts and discourses of the need to integrate disaster education into a science curriculum for university students in Indonesia are well documented. However, lecturers need more room to introduce Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) in a way that involves students as experiential learners. Integrating DRR into Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) subjects is a crucial point. The current study used virtual reality (VR) as a pedagogical tool for learning through experience to promote STEM-DRR at tertiary levels of education. This experimental study aimed to determine the effects of VR use on students' experiential learning based on the VR online training developed activities. The methods for data collection included observation and survey. Ten participants were in the final year of their study and were recruited based on their interest in using VR media for their thesis. The results showed that half of the participants understood the training content, and 40% were classified as knowledgeable before training. In addition, significant contributions to the learning process were observed in training, where half participants were satisfied with the new skills attained, and 80% of the participants argued that the training was beneficial to their final projects. Thus, in the present study integrating STEM-DRR into the VR training content to promote students' awareness of disaster risk is considered successful. In conclusion, the results suggest that technology-enhanced learning supports distance learning and is proven economical and efficient.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43635208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1369
Abdelrahman Mohamed Tammam
Laccases are copper-containing oxidase enzymes that have broad substrate specificity and applicability in industrial processes. The purpose of this work was to optimise laccase production by a certain endophytic fungus. Monodictys castaneae (Wallr.) Hughes was cultured and incubated using different nutritional and physiological factors affecting laccase production. It was found that the optimum physiological conditions for laccase production were 4 disc inoculum size, a 9-day fermentation period, pH 5, and 28°C. The enzyme was purified using acetone precipitation, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme was identified as a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 63 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Different concentrations of CuSO4 were used to stimulate laccase production and activity. A 0.15 g/l concentration of CuSO4 was the optimum dosage for laccase activity enhancement. For enzyme-guaiacol interaction, the optimal pH and temperature were 5.4 and 35 °C, respectively. The laccase activity was highly stimulated using 3 mM and 7 mM concentrations of chloride salts of Cd+2, Ca+2, Cr+2 and Fe+3, but the enzyme activity was slightly inhibited by 10 mM concentrations of these metal ions. According to all previous results, Monodictys castaneae showed promising potential as a producer of laccase.
{"title":"Optimisation of Fungal Laccase Production from Monodictys castaneae","authors":"Abdelrahman Mohamed Tammam","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1369","url":null,"abstract":"Laccases are copper-containing oxidase enzymes that have broad substrate specificity and applicability in industrial processes. The purpose of this work was to optimise laccase production by a certain endophytic fungus. Monodictys castaneae (Wallr.) Hughes was cultured and incubated using different nutritional and physiological factors affecting laccase production. It was found that the optimum physiological conditions for laccase production were 4 disc inoculum size, a 9-day fermentation period, pH 5, and 28°C. The enzyme was purified using acetone precipitation, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme was identified as a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 63 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Different concentrations of CuSO4 were used to stimulate laccase production and activity. A 0.15 g/l concentration of CuSO4 was the optimum dosage for laccase activity enhancement. For enzyme-guaiacol interaction, the optimal pH and temperature were 5.4 and 35 °C, respectively. The laccase activity was highly stimulated using 3 mM and 7 mM concentrations of chloride salts of Cd+2, Ca+2, Cr+2 and Fe+3, but the enzyme activity was slightly inhibited by 10 mM concentrations of these metal ions. According to all previous results, Monodictys castaneae showed promising potential as a producer of laccase.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1339
Zhang Jing Bing
Abstract— 5G is the fifth-generation innovation standard for broadband cell organizations, which wireless organizations started conveying worldwide in 2019, and is the arranged replacement to the 4G networks which give network to most current cellphones. 5G networks are anticipated to have more than 1.7 billion supporters worldwide by 2025. 5G has been developing and changing the medical care industry, and a great deal of it is legitimized. 5G can convey gigabit speeds, inertness under 10 milliseconds, expanded inclusion, and an immense limit of as much as 1 million gadgets for each organization. In general, when we got sick and needed clinical consideration, we might have had the option of going to a specialist or a clinic.
{"title":"Engineer 5G to Transform Healthcare Industry","authors":"Zhang Jing Bing","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1339","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract— 5G is the fifth-generation innovation standard for broadband cell organizations, which wireless organizations started conveying worldwide in 2019, and is the arranged replacement to the 4G networks which give network to most current cellphones. 5G networks are anticipated to have more than 1.7 billion supporters worldwide by 2025. 5G has been developing and changing the medical care industry, and a great deal of it is legitimized. 5G can convey gigabit speeds, inertness under 10 milliseconds, expanded inclusion, and an immense limit of as much as 1 million gadgets for each organization. In general, when we got sick and needed clinical consideration, we might have had the option of going to a specialist or a clinic.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42379227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1428
S. Sharip, A. Azil, N. Hassan, Z. Sharip
The present study investigates the prevalence of fear and disgust toward insects among people with mental illness. A cross-sectional survey using a newly designed arthropods survey was distributed to targeted population using both google forms and face-to-face recruitment. Out of 175 respondents in the study, 41% are diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder while 59% are healthy people. There are significant differences between fear and disgust on insects among healthy people and people with mental illness. Wasp (87.3%), weaver ant (44.4%), and sago larvae (31.3%) were feared by psychiatric patients. Sago larvae was the most disgusting insect by people with mental illness (51.5%) while healthy people were more disgusted with caterpillars (53.4%). The fear and disgust of different insects vary with gender and employment among the two groups; female from both groups were more disgusted with head lice than male while employed healthy adults feared head lice. This study provides new knowledge on the existence of fear and disgust of arthropods among people with mental illness. Since such people have high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, this finding provides new insights on the prevalence of fear and disgust toward insects among the patients for early intervention by health professionals.
{"title":"Fear and Disgust Toward Insect Among Psychiatric Disorder Patients and Healthy People","authors":"S. Sharip, A. Azil, N. Hassan, Z. Sharip","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1428","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the prevalence of fear and disgust toward insects among people with mental illness. A cross-sectional survey using a newly designed arthropods survey was distributed to targeted population using both google forms and face-to-face recruitment. Out of 175 respondents in the study, 41% are diagnosed with any psychiatric disorder while 59% are healthy people. There are significant differences between fear and disgust on insects among healthy people and people with mental illness. Wasp (87.3%), weaver ant (44.4%), and sago larvae (31.3%) were feared by psychiatric patients. Sago larvae was the most disgusting insect by people with mental illness (51.5%) while healthy people were more disgusted with caterpillars (53.4%). The fear and disgust of different insects vary with gender and employment among the two groups; female from both groups were more disgusted with head lice than male while employed healthy adults feared head lice. This study provides new knowledge on the existence of fear and disgust of arthropods among people with mental illness. Since such people have high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, this finding provides new insights on the prevalence of fear and disgust toward insects among the patients for early intervention by health professionals.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44333517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1189
Roslan Umar, S. S. Zafar, N. Sabri, M. H. Jusoh, S. Abe, A. Yoshikawa
The physical destruction and fatalities caused by earthquake events compelled scientists to develop Earthquake predictions. Due to limited seismometer sensitivity, it was impossible to detect earthquake events; therefore, non-seismological is established, which in Ultra Low Frequency (ULF). The study of electromagnetic waves (EM) in the Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) range is a promising tool for investigating seismomagnetic effects that act as an earthquake precursor. This study analysed the ULF frequency range as a short-term earthquake precursor at a depth < 100 km and an epicentral distance < 100 km (distance from Cebu magnetometer station) measured using a ground magnetometer installed in Cebu (10.36oN, 123.91oE), in the Philippines. This study also intended to determine the emission of magnetic pulsation (Pc4 and Pc5), solar wind parameters and near equatorial geomagnetic storms (SYM/H) in low latitude regions prior to an earthquake event. Findings show that the most evident ULF that acts as a potential earthquake precursor was at a frequency range of Pc5 (1.7 - 6.7 mHz) compared to Pc4 (6.7 - 22 mHz). It also shows that high solar wind changes and geomagnetic storms respond to the emission of ULF magnetic pulsations (Pc4 and Pc5) prior to earthquake events at low latitudes. Thus, it can be concluded that magnetic pulsations are signatures that indicate the probability of short-term earthquakes precursor.
{"title":"Analysis of ULF Emissions in Solar Winds as A Short-Term Earthquake Precursor","authors":"Roslan Umar, S. S. Zafar, N. Sabri, M. H. Jusoh, S. Abe, A. Yoshikawa","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1189","url":null,"abstract":"The physical destruction and fatalities caused by earthquake events compelled scientists to develop Earthquake predictions. Due to limited seismometer sensitivity, it was impossible to detect earthquake events; therefore, non-seismological is established, which in Ultra Low Frequency (ULF). The study of electromagnetic waves (EM) in the Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) range is a promising tool for investigating seismomagnetic effects that act as an earthquake precursor. This study analysed the ULF frequency range as a short-term earthquake precursor at a depth < 100 km and an epicentral distance < 100 km (distance from Cebu magnetometer station) measured using a ground magnetometer installed in Cebu (10.36oN, 123.91oE), in the Philippines. This study also intended to determine the emission of magnetic pulsation (Pc4 and Pc5), solar wind parameters and near equatorial geomagnetic storms (SYM/H) in low latitude regions prior to an earthquake event. Findings show that the most evident ULF that acts as a potential earthquake precursor was at a frequency range of Pc5 (1.7 - 6.7 mHz) compared to Pc4 (6.7 - 22 mHz). It also shows that high solar wind changes and geomagnetic storms respond to the emission of ULF magnetic pulsations (Pc4 and Pc5) prior to earthquake events at low latitudes. Thus, it can be concluded that magnetic pulsations are signatures that indicate the probability of short-term earthquakes precursor.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44205416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-13DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1520
Tingxing Hua, M. Z. Abidin, M. S. Abdullah, A. Razak, Mohammad Hafsanjani Salleh, Siti Nadhira Mohamad Basri
The effects of composite edible coating consisting of gum Arabic, beeswax and coconut oil on Cambodia cultivar guava (Psidium guajava) were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum coating formulation was determined using the weight loss percentage and total soluble solid (TSS) content as the responses. From the central composite rotatable design in RSM, a total of 15 sets of coating compositions were designed. The optimised coating emulsion was made up of gum Arabic (6.6% w/v), beeswax (5.5% w/v) and coconut oil (3.6% w/v) with Tween 80 (3% w/v) as surfactant. Under this optimised coating emulsion, the predicted mean values of weight loss and TSS were 2.91% and 7.84oBrix respectively, whereas the actual mean values of guava samples were 3.38% and 8.00oBrix respectively, after 6 days of ambient storage. The actual mean values of both responses were within the 95% prediction interval, which was 2.35 – 3.47% for weight loss and 7.22 – 8.45oBrix for TSS. The optimised coating emulsion successfully reduced weight loss with maximised TSS content for guava.
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