Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1355
Tamil Selvam Murugaya, Nurisya Mohd Shah, Sharifah Kartini Said Husain
We wrote this paper to study in detail the mathematical methods used in deriving the parameters 𝑝𝑝′1, 𝑝𝑝′2, 𝑥𝑥′1, 𝑥𝑥′2, 𝑀𝑀, 𝐾𝐾 and 𝑒𝑒2𝜂𝜂 in the research papers by Han et al. (1999), Makarov (2018a), Han et al. (1993), and Han et al. (1995) to find the Schmidt modes 𝛬𝛬𝑘𝑘 in quantum entanglement. Here, we have analysed and developed a thorough calculation in exploring the rationales behind the existence of these parameters in two and three-coupled harmonic oscillators. Various mathematical approaches were applied in the study, ranging from polynomials and linear algebra to trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem. We found the parameters 𝐾𝐾 and 𝑒𝑒2𝜂𝜂 using the matrices’ determinants and eigenvalues. With these rationales in deriving the parameters 𝐾𝐾 and 𝑒𝑒2𝜂𝜂 in the research papers for the two-coupled harmonic oscillators, we have formulated similar parameters for three-coupled harmonic oscillators as the conclusion of our study.
我们撰写本文的目的是详细研究 Han 等人（1999 年）、Makarov（2018a）、Han 等人（1993 年）和 Han 等人（1995 年）的研究论文中推导参数𝑝′1、𝑝′2、𝑥𝑥′1、𝑥′2、𝑀𝑀、𝑒𝑒2𝜂𝜂时所使用的数学方法。(1999）、Makarov（2018a）、Han 等（1993）和 Han 等（1995）的研究论文中找到了量子纠缠中的施密特模式𝛬𝛬𝑘𝑘。在此，我们进行了全面的分析和计算，以探索这些参数在二耦合和三耦合谐振子中存在的理由。研究中应用了多种数学方法，从多项式和线性代数到三角学和勾股定理。我们利用矩阵的行列式和特征值找到了参数(⑪)和(𝑒)2𝜂𝜂。根据上述推导二耦合谐波振荡器研究论文中的参数 "廓清 "和 "廓清 "2𝜂𝜂的原理，我们为三耦合谐波振荡器制定了类似的参数，作为我们研究的结论。
{"title":"Pre-Schmidt Mode Parameters in Quantum Entanglement","authors":"Tamil Selvam Murugaya, Nurisya Mohd Shah, Sharifah Kartini Said Husain","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1355","url":null,"abstract":"We wrote this paper to study in detail the mathematical methods used in deriving the parameters 𝑝𝑝′1, 𝑝𝑝′2, 𝑥𝑥′1, 𝑥𝑥′2, 𝑀𝑀, 𝐾𝐾 and 𝑒𝑒2𝜂𝜂 in the research papers by Han et al. (1999), Makarov (2018a), Han et al. (1993), and Han et al. (1995) to find the Schmidt modes 𝛬𝛬𝑘𝑘 in quantum entanglement. Here, we have analysed and developed a thorough calculation in exploring the rationales behind the existence of these parameters in two and three-coupled harmonic oscillators. Various mathematical approaches were applied in the study, ranging from polynomials and linear algebra to trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem. We found the parameters 𝐾𝐾 and 𝑒𝑒2𝜂𝜂 using the matrices’ determinants and eigenvalues. With these rationales in deriving the parameters 𝐾𝐾 and 𝑒𝑒2𝜂𝜂 in the research papers for the two-coupled harmonic oscillators, we have formulated similar parameters for three-coupled harmonic oscillators as the conclusion of our study.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1018
Saiful Aman HJ Sulaiman, Nur Sofia Erina Ariff, Nurzaitie Aflah Abdullah, Adolfientje Kasenda Olesen, Muhammad Daud Mahdzur
The selection of the accurate geoid model is essential for geoid determination in specific regions. Many improvements to the basic theory of more reliable data are available for numerical modelling studies. All of the innovations have led to the development of a sequence of global geopotential models of increasing spherical harmonic degree and order and the resolution of the geopotential models. There are hundreds of geopotential models that can be downloaded in ICGEM. All geopotential ICGEM models have accuracy and resolution based on the degree and order of spherical harmonic coefficients. This study has two high-degree geopotential models: the latest one, XGM2019e_2159, and another geopotential model, EGM2008. The accuracy evaluation of two geopotential models needs to be evaluated based on terrestrial gravity data and existing GPS points data to choose which geopotential model is the best-fit geopotential models with different degrees and order in terms of spherical harmonic coefficients using the Root Mean Square method. The statistical analysis of the geopotential model derived based on the existing GPS points shows that the degree and order 720 for XGM2019e_2019 are the best-fit geopotential models in Peninsular Malaysia. The result also indicates that the gravity anomaly derived from EGM2008 with the maximum degree and order of 2190 regarding the spherical harmonic coefficient is the most accurate geoid model that can be used as a reference over Peninsular Malaysia. Overall, it can be concluded that XGM2019e_2019 and EGM2008 are the best-fit geopotential models for Peninsular Malaysia.
{"title":"Accuracy Assessment of High-Degree Geopotential Models in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Saiful Aman HJ Sulaiman, Nur Sofia Erina Ariff, Nurzaitie Aflah Abdullah, Adolfientje Kasenda Olesen, Muhammad Daud Mahdzur","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1018","url":null,"abstract":"The selection of the accurate geoid model is essential for geoid determination in specific regions. Many improvements to the basic theory of more reliable data are available for numerical modelling studies. All of the innovations have led to the development of a sequence of global geopotential models of increasing spherical harmonic degree and order and the resolution of the geopotential models. There are hundreds of geopotential models that can be downloaded in ICGEM. All geopotential ICGEM models have accuracy and resolution based on the degree and order of spherical harmonic coefficients. This study has two high-degree geopotential models: the latest one, XGM2019e_2159, and another geopotential model, EGM2008. The accuracy evaluation of two geopotential models needs to be evaluated based on terrestrial gravity data and existing GPS points data to choose which geopotential model is the best-fit geopotential models with different degrees and order in terms of spherical harmonic coefficients using the Root Mean Square method. The statistical analysis of the geopotential model derived based on the existing GPS points shows that the degree and order 720 for XGM2019e_2019 are the best-fit geopotential models in Peninsular Malaysia. The result also indicates that the gravity anomaly derived from EGM2008 with the maximum degree and order of 2190 regarding the spherical harmonic coefficient is the most accurate geoid model that can be used as a reference over Peninsular Malaysia. Overall, it can be concluded that XGM2019e_2019 and EGM2008 are the best-fit geopotential models for Peninsular Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1071
S. Sarawaneeyaruk
Dendrobium orchid is one of the major export products of Thailand. Endophytic bacteria inhabiting the roots have the ability to promote plant growth. They could be used to replace the chemical fertiliser. In this study, 42 bacterial isolates were isolated from the orchid roots and were screened for plant growth- promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). We selected six isolates that exhibited plant growth promotion (PGP) abilities, including siderophores, IAA, and ACC deaminase production, phosphate-solubilisation, and nitrogen-fixation. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified these isolates as Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus sp. with a prominence of Bacillus halotolerans. All six isolates were confirmed to inhabit the orchid roots and were inoculated into the orchid hybrid (D. anosmum × D. parishii) seedlings. We found that B. halotolerans O-SWU-17 enhanced orchid seedling growth in vivo. Thus, B. halotolerans O-SWU- 17 has great potential as a biofertiliser in enhancing orchid production.
{"title":"Endophytic Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Promote Dendrobium Orchid Growth","authors":"S. Sarawaneeyaruk","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1071","url":null,"abstract":"Dendrobium orchid is one of the major export products of Thailand. Endophytic bacteria inhabiting the roots have the ability to promote plant growth. They could be used to replace the chemical fertiliser. In this study, 42 bacterial isolates were isolated from the orchid roots and were screened for plant growth- promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). We selected six isolates that exhibited plant growth promotion (PGP) abilities, including siderophores, IAA, and ACC deaminase production, phosphate-solubilisation, and nitrogen-fixation. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified these isolates as Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus sp. with a prominence of Bacillus halotolerans. All six isolates were confirmed to inhabit the orchid roots and were inoculated into the orchid hybrid (D. anosmum × D. parishii) seedlings. We found that B. halotolerans O-SWU-17 enhanced orchid seedling growth in vivo. Thus, B. halotolerans O-SWU- 17 has great potential as a biofertiliser in enhancing orchid production.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1004
Nurul Akmal Mohamed
Most integrals in Localised Boundary Domain Integral Equations (LBDIEs) comprise singularities. This paper aims to produce numerical solutions of the LBDIEs for the Partial Differential Equations with variable coefficients. The singularities of the boundary integrals in LBDIEs will be handled by using a semi-analytic for logarithmic singularity and a semi-quadratic analytic method for r−2 singularity. Whereas the singular domain integrals are handled by using the Duffy transformation. The LBDIEs that we consider are associated with the Neumann problem, which can be solved with a condition. If it can be solved, the solution is, however, unique up to an additive constant. We add a perturbation operator to the LBDIEs to convert the LBDIE to a uniquely solvable equation. The perturbed integral operator leads the perturbed LBDIEs to a dense matrix system that disable the use of methods in solving sparse matrix system. We solve the system of linear equations by Lower-Upper (LU) decomposition method. The numerical results indicate that high accuracy results can be attained. It gives the impression that the methods we use in this numerical experiment are reliable in handling the boundary and domain singular integrals.
{"title":"Computation of Neumann Localised Boundary Domain Integral Equations","authors":"Nurul Akmal Mohamed","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1004","url":null,"abstract":"Most integrals in Localised Boundary Domain Integral Equations (LBDIEs) comprise singularities. This paper aims to produce numerical solutions of the LBDIEs for the Partial Differential Equations with variable coefficients. The singularities of the boundary integrals in LBDIEs will be handled by using a semi-analytic for logarithmic singularity and a semi-quadratic analytic method for r−2 singularity. Whereas the singular domain integrals are handled by using the Duffy transformation. The LBDIEs that we consider are associated with the Neumann problem, which can be solved with a condition. If it can be solved, the solution is, however, unique up to an additive constant. We add a perturbation operator to the LBDIEs to convert the LBDIE to a uniquely solvable equation. The perturbed integral operator leads the perturbed LBDIEs to a dense matrix system that disable the use of methods in solving sparse matrix system. We solve the system of linear equations by Lower-Upper (LU) decomposition method. The numerical results indicate that high accuracy results can be attained. It gives the impression that the methods we use in this numerical experiment are reliable in handling the boundary and domain singular integrals.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1048
Shaymaa Mustafa, A. Bahar, Zainal Abdul Aziz, Mohamad Darwish, M. K. N. Shamsuddin
Extracting water from pumping well near to river in riverbank filtration systems leads to the natural treatment for surface water. To increase the system efficiency, the well should be located at a distance from the river in which the well can produce high percentage of river water that satisfies the requirements of water quality. In case the well is located between river and a contaminant source, its location should be relocated to a suitable place between the two sources. In this article, an analytical solution is produced to specify the suitable distance of pumping well and polluted river in a riverbank filtration systems if there is a contaminant source to the present well. The analytical solution is obtained by using Green’s function. This approach is chosen because of its simplicity for solving multidimensional problems, and its flexibility to deal with arbitrary initial and boundary conditions. The model is compared with numerical one obtained by using MODFLOW software. The results indicate that the location obtained from proposed model is suitable for use to determine the well location. Additionally, the results show that increasing either the pumping rate or initial contaminant concentration leads to an increment to the distance between river well.
{"title":"Modelling Well Location Between River and Second Contaminant Source in Riverbank Filtration Systems","authors":"Shaymaa Mustafa, A. Bahar, Zainal Abdul Aziz, Mohamad Darwish, M. K. N. Shamsuddin","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1048","url":null,"abstract":"Extracting water from pumping well near to river in riverbank filtration systems leads to the natural treatment for surface water. To increase the system efficiency, the well should be located at a distance from the river in which the well can produce high percentage of river water that satisfies the requirements of water quality. In case the well is located between river and a contaminant source, its location should be relocated to a suitable place between the two sources. In this article, an analytical solution is produced to specify the suitable distance of pumping well and polluted river in a riverbank filtration systems if there is a contaminant source to the present well. The analytical solution is obtained by using Green’s function. This approach is chosen because of its simplicity for solving multidimensional problems, and its flexibility to deal with arbitrary initial and boundary conditions. The model is compared with numerical one obtained by using MODFLOW software. The results indicate that the location obtained from proposed model is suitable for use to determine the well location. Additionally, the results show that increasing either the pumping rate or initial contaminant concentration leads to an increment to the distance between river well.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.978
Nuraini Nafisah Jamaludin, Wan Mazlina Md Saad, Nur Faradila Md Jamil, Aliah Mokhtar, Hussin Muhammad
Pharmacological research has become essential for the development of nature-based drugs to support the claimed therapeutic properties of medicinal plants. Dioscorea species are medicinal plants found to have an impressive pharmacological profile. This review aims to compile the pharmacological properties of three Dioscorea species, D. hispida, D. alata and D. bulbifera and their derived compounds through scientific findings, mainly focusing on the biological activities. Relevant clinical and preclinical studies on the pharmacological properties of these plants were identified, screened, and analysed. A systematic search using predetermined keywords on electronic databases (Scopus, Springer and ScienceDirect) was conducted. This review found these Dioscorea species to possess various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive and estrogenic effects. The plant tubers contain active compounds such as diosgenin that is responsible for anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities in D. alata and D. bulbifera, respectively. Other compounds like dioscorine, phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid elucidated from the yam tubers were found to be antimicrobial and showed prominent free radical scavenging effects. The plants demonstrated various pharmacological activities although data on their mechanisms of action is very limited. Therefore, further research is needed to explore the full potential of these plants as future therapeutic medicines.
药理学研究对于开发基于自然的药物以支持药用植物的治疗特性至关重要。薯蓣属药用植物具有令人印象深刻的药理特征。本综述旨在通过科学发现，主要侧重于生物活性，汇编三种薯蓣属植物（D. hispida、D. alata 和 D. bulbifera）及其衍生化合物的药理特性。对这些植物药理特性的相关临床和临床前研究进行了鉴定、筛选和分析。使用预先确定的关键词在电子数据库（Scopus、Springer 和 ScienceDirect）中进行了系统搜索。综述发现这些薯蓣物种具有多种药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌、抗癌、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗高血压和雌激素作用。D. alata 和 D. bulbifera 的抗炎和抗糖尿病活性。从山药块茎中发现的其他化合物，如二莨菪碱、酚类、黄酮类和萜类化合物，具有抗菌作用，并显示出显著的清除自由基的效果。这些植物具有多种药理活性，但有关其作用机制的数据非常有限。因此，需要进一步开展研究，充分挖掘这些植物作为未来治疗药物的潜力。
{"title":"Pharmacological Activities of Dioscorea spp.: A Narrative Review","authors":"Nuraini Nafisah Jamaludin, Wan Mazlina Md Saad, Nur Faradila Md Jamil, Aliah Mokhtar, Hussin Muhammad","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.978","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacological research has become essential for the development of nature-based drugs to support the claimed therapeutic properties of medicinal plants. Dioscorea species are medicinal plants found to have an impressive pharmacological profile. This review aims to compile the pharmacological properties of three Dioscorea species, D. hispida, D. alata and D. bulbifera and their derived compounds through scientific findings, mainly focusing on the biological activities. Relevant clinical and preclinical studies on the pharmacological properties of these plants were identified, screened, and analysed. A systematic search using predetermined keywords on electronic databases (Scopus, Springer and ScienceDirect) was conducted. This review found these Dioscorea species to possess various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive and estrogenic effects. The plant tubers contain active compounds such as diosgenin that is responsible for anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities in D. alata and D. bulbifera, respectively. Other compounds like dioscorine, phenolic, flavonoid and terpenoid elucidated from the yam tubers were found to be antimicrobial and showed prominent free radical scavenging effects. The plants demonstrated various pharmacological activities although data on their mechanisms of action is very limited. Therefore, further research is needed to explore the full potential of these plants as future therapeutic medicines.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1644
R. M. Salleh, A. S. Zulkipli, Siti Rashima Romli, B. Akter
By-products from seafood usually smell fishy. In this research, squid ink powder enzyme hydrolysates (SIPEHs) and cuttlefish ink powder enzyme hydrolysates (CIPEHs) were produced via 4 h of hydrolysis with Alcalase® and papain, respectively, at 3% E/S ratios. To generate Maillard reaction products (MRPs), D-xylose and L-cysteine or D-xylose alone were introduced to the hydrolysates. The mixture was then heated at 120 °C for 2 hours. The resulting MRPs were labelled as SIPEHs-mx, SIPEHs-x, CIPEHs-mx, or CIPEHs-x. Results showed that extending the reaction time increased browning products and aroma compounds and reduced pH from 7.4 to 6.54-5.55, respectively. Furthermore, the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) also exhibited a reduction in volatile aldehydes that are typically linked to fish-like aroma. The qualitative descriptive analysis (QDA) test revealed that MRPs had a better umami flavour and a less fishy flavour than hydrolysates. SIPEHs-mx and CIPEHS-mx were preferred with the overall acceptance that satisfied consumer preferences. Therefore, the Maillard reaction was found to improve the overall flavour of both SIPEHs and CIPEHs. The results indicated that the flavour compounds developed in the MRPs during the subsequent heat treatment have the potential to serve as a suitable alternative to hydrolysates, producing flavours that meet consumer preferences and are considered acceptable. Such an approach holds promise for application in product development and improvement studies, offering practical implications for the food industry.
{"title":"Sensory Characteristics of Flavour Improvement in Squid and Cuttlefish Ink Hydrolysates by Maillard Reaction","authors":"R. M. Salleh, A. S. Zulkipli, Siti Rashima Romli, B. Akter","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1644","url":null,"abstract":"By-products from seafood usually smell fishy. In this research, squid ink powder enzyme hydrolysates (SIPEHs) and cuttlefish ink powder enzyme hydrolysates (CIPEHs) were produced via 4 h of hydrolysis with Alcalase® and papain, respectively, at 3% E/S ratios. To generate Maillard reaction products (MRPs), D-xylose and L-cysteine or D-xylose alone were introduced to the hydrolysates. The mixture was then heated at 120 °C for 2 hours. The resulting MRPs were labelled as SIPEHs-mx, SIPEHs-x, CIPEHs-mx, or CIPEHs-x. Results showed that extending the reaction time increased browning products and aroma compounds and reduced pH from 7.4 to 6.54-5.55, respectively. Furthermore, the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) also exhibited a reduction in volatile aldehydes that are typically linked to fish-like aroma. The qualitative descriptive analysis (QDA) test revealed that MRPs had a better umami flavour and a less fishy flavour than hydrolysates. SIPEHs-mx and CIPEHS-mx were preferred with the overall acceptance that satisfied consumer preferences. Therefore, the Maillard reaction was found to improve the overall flavour of both SIPEHs and CIPEHs. The results indicated that the flavour compounds developed in the MRPs during the subsequent heat treatment have the potential to serve as a suitable alternative to hydrolysates, producing flavours that meet consumer preferences and are considered acceptable. Such an approach holds promise for application in product development and improvement studies, offering practical implications for the food industry.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1122
S. K. Sahari
In this investigation, the effects of various synthesis temperatures of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of Dye-Sensitised Solar Cell (DSSC) were investigated. As an organic dye for DSSC, Beetroot plant was chosen. The TiO₂ solution was prepared using the sol-gel method and deposited on glass using the spin coating technique. Several compounds, including absolute ethanol, Titanium Isopropoxide (TTIP), Glacial Acetic Acid (GAA), Triton X-100, and deionised water, were combined to create the TiO₂ solution. Using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), an Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer, and a Keithely 2450 Sourcemeter, the structural, optical, and electrical properties of TiO₂ were determined. The results indicate that the TiO2 thin film synthesised at a temperature of 60°C has the most porous structure and the smallest particle size when compared to others. This temperature also produces TiO₂ with the sharpest peak absorption of 0.40 at a wavelength of 575.50 nm, resulting in a bandgap energy of 3.10 eV. Furthermore, it has a higher Field factor (FF) value that results in the highest energy conversion efficiency, ɳ of 0.34 %.
{"title":"Fabrication and Characterisation of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) with Different Synthesis Temperatures for Solar Cell Applications","authors":"S. K. Sahari","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1122","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, the effects of various synthesis temperatures of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of Dye-Sensitised Solar Cell (DSSC) were investigated. As an organic dye for DSSC, Beetroot plant was chosen. The TiO₂ solution was prepared using the sol-gel method and deposited on glass using the spin coating technique. Several compounds, including absolute ethanol, Titanium Isopropoxide (TTIP), Glacial Acetic Acid (GAA), Triton X-100, and deionised water, were combined to create the TiO₂ solution. Using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), an Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer, and a Keithely 2450 Sourcemeter, the structural, optical, and electrical properties of TiO₂ were determined. The results indicate that the TiO2 thin film synthesised at a temperature of 60°C has the most porous structure and the smallest particle size when compared to others. This temperature also produces TiO₂ with the sharpest peak absorption of 0.40 at a wavelength of 575.50 nm, resulting in a bandgap energy of 3.10 eV. Furthermore, it has a higher Field factor (FF) value that results in the highest energy conversion efficiency, ɳ of 0.34 %.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138592749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is well known that the Fibonacci sequence (𝐹𝑛) is denoted by 𝐹0=0, 𝐹1=1 and 𝐹𝑛=𝐹𝑛−1+𝐹𝑛−2, while the Lucas sequence (𝐿𝑛) is denoted by 𝐿0=2, 𝐿1=1 and 𝐿𝑛=𝐿𝑛−1+𝐿𝑛−2. There are several studies showing relations between these two sequences. An interesting generalisation of both the sequences is a Fibonacci function 𝑓:ℝ→ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥+2)=𝑓(𝑥+1)+𝑓(𝑥) for any real number 𝑥 (Elmore, 1967). Research about periods of Fibonacci numbers modulo 𝑚 (Jameson, 2018) results in a contribution on the existence of primitive period of a Fibonacci function 𝑓:ℤ→ℤ modulo 𝑚 (Thongngam & Chinram, 2019). Recently, a 𝑘-step Fibonacci function 𝑓:ℤ→ℤ denoted by 𝑓(𝑛+𝑘)=𝑓(𝑛+𝑘−1)+𝑓(𝑛+𝑘−2)+⋯+𝑓(𝑛) for any integer 𝑛 and 𝑘≥2 (which is a generalisation of a Fibonacci function 𝑓:ℤ→ℤ) is introduced and the existence of primitive period of this function modulo 𝑚 is established (Tongron & Kerdmongkon, 2022). In this work, let 𝑘 be an integer ≥2. For nonnegative integers 𝛼1,𝛼2,…,𝛼𝑘 and 𝛼1≠0, a (𝑘:𝛼1,𝛼2,…,𝛼𝑘)-step Fibonacci function 𝑓:ℤ→ℤ is defined by 𝑓(𝑛)=𝑓(𝑛−𝛼1)+𝑓(𝑛−𝛼1−𝛼2)+⋯+𝑓(𝑛−𝛼1−𝛼2−⋯−𝛼𝑘) for any integer 𝑛. In fact, a 𝑘-step Fibonacci function is a special case of a (𝑘:𝛼1,𝛼2,…,𝛼𝑘)-step Fibonacci function. We present the existence of primitive period of this function modulo 𝑚 and show that certain (𝑘:𝛼1,𝛼2,…,𝛼𝑘)-step Fibonacci functions are symmetric-like.
{"title":"The Symmetries of (𝒌𝒌:𝜶𝜶𝟏𝟏,𝜶𝜶𝟐𝟐,…,𝜶𝜶𝒌𝒌)-step Fibonacci Functions","authors":"Yanapat Tongron, Kanyaphak Paikhlaew, Supattra Kerdmongkon, Numsook Nawapongpipat","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1392","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that the Fibonacci sequence (𝐹𝑛) is denoted by 𝐹0=0, 𝐹1=1 and 𝐹𝑛=𝐹𝑛−1+𝐹𝑛−2, while the Lucas sequence (𝐿𝑛) is denoted by 𝐿0=2, 𝐿1=1 and 𝐿𝑛=𝐿𝑛−1+𝐿𝑛−2. There are several studies showing relations between these two sequences. An interesting generalisation of both the sequences is a Fibonacci function 𝑓:ℝ→ℝ defined by 𝑓(𝑥+2)=𝑓(𝑥+1)+𝑓(𝑥) for any real number 𝑥 (Elmore, 1967). Research about periods of Fibonacci numbers modulo 𝑚 (Jameson, 2018) results in a contribution on the existence of primitive period of a Fibonacci function 𝑓:ℤ→ℤ modulo 𝑚 (Thongngam & Chinram, 2019). Recently, a 𝑘-step Fibonacci function 𝑓:ℤ→ℤ denoted by 𝑓(𝑛+𝑘)=𝑓(𝑛+𝑘−1)+𝑓(𝑛+𝑘−2)+⋯+𝑓(𝑛) for any integer 𝑛 and 𝑘≥2 (which is a generalisation of a Fibonacci function 𝑓:ℤ→ℤ) is introduced and the existence of primitive period of this function modulo 𝑚 is established (Tongron & Kerdmongkon, 2022). In this work, let 𝑘 be an integer ≥2. For nonnegative integers 𝛼1,𝛼2,…,𝛼𝑘 and 𝛼1≠0, a (𝑘:𝛼1,𝛼2,…,𝛼𝑘)-step Fibonacci function 𝑓:ℤ→ℤ is defined by 𝑓(𝑛)=𝑓(𝑛−𝛼1)+𝑓(𝑛−𝛼1−𝛼2)+⋯+𝑓(𝑛−𝛼1−𝛼2−⋯−𝛼𝑘) for any integer 𝑛. In fact, a 𝑘-step Fibonacci function is a special case of a (𝑘:𝛼1,𝛼2,…,𝛼𝑘)-step Fibonacci function. We present the existence of primitive period of this function modulo 𝑚 and show that certain (𝑘:𝛼1,𝛼2,…,𝛼𝑘)-step Fibonacci functions are symmetric-like.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.32802/asmscj.2023.1155
Abdul Rahman Mohd Kasim, NUR SYAMILAH ARIFIN, Sharidan Shafie, Noor Amalina Nisa Ariffin
Due to the unique qualities in its behaviours that study the solid and fluid aspects, a study on two-phase flow (solid and liquid) is deemed to be supplementary trustworthy in describing the application of liquid in industrial sectors. Over the past few decades, several non-Newtonian fluid models have been found, but the Williamson model stands out as the most intriguing. The Williamson flow model will be more fascinating to study when the existing particles are considered. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate Williamson fluid with dust particles under the existing MHD and heat radiation. To make inquiry more intriguing, the analysed model also included a Newtonian heating (NH) condition. After employing similarity transformation, the resultant equations, as in Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), are solved using the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg (RKF45) method. The findings showed that the presence of fluid-particle interaction (FPI) influenced the fluid velocity, subsequent in a declining the fluid movement and an increase in particle motion.
{"title":"Thermally Radiation of MHD Two-Phase Williamson Fluid with Newtonian Heating (NH)","authors":"Abdul Rahman Mohd Kasim, NUR SYAMILAH ARIFIN, Sharidan Shafie, Noor Amalina Nisa Ariffin","doi":"10.32802/asmscj.2023.1155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2023.1155","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the unique qualities in its behaviours that study the solid and fluid aspects, a study on two-phase flow (solid and liquid) is deemed to be supplementary trustworthy in describing the application of liquid in industrial sectors. Over the past few decades, several non-Newtonian fluid models have been found, but the Williamson model stands out as the most intriguing. The Williamson flow model will be more fascinating to study when the existing particles are considered. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate Williamson fluid with dust particles under the existing MHD and heat radiation. To make inquiry more intriguing, the analysed model also included a Newtonian heating (NH) condition. After employing similarity transformation, the resultant equations, as in Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), are solved using the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg (RKF45) method. The findings showed that the presence of fluid-particle interaction (FPI) influenced the fluid velocity, subsequent in a declining the fluid movement and an increase in particle motion.","PeriodicalId":38804,"journal":{"name":"ASM Science Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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