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Logos to Bios: Evolutionary Theory in Light of Plato, Aristotle, and Neoplatonism by Wynand De Beer (review) 从逻各斯到生命:柏拉图、亚里士多德和新柏拉图主义视角下的进化论(维南德·德·比尔著)
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2979/jims.6.1.07
A. Hasany
15. For some excellent treatments, see Henry Corbin, The Man of Light in Iranian Sufism, trans. N. Pearson (New York: Omega, 1994), 73–76, 103–104; Michael Gilsenan, Saint and Sufi in Modern Egypt (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973), 156–187; Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974), 2:210–214; Valerie J. Hoffman, Sufism, Mystics and Saints in Modern Egypt (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1995), 163–188; Annemarie Schimmel, Mystical Dimensions of Islam (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975), 167–178. 16. Among less focused treatments, mention should be made of S. Nasr’s brief comparative analysis of modes of interior prayer in Eastern Orthodox and Islamic spirituality (“The Prayer of the Heart in Hesychism and Sufism,” Greek Orthodox Theological Review, 31 [1986]: 195–203); and S. Sviri’s lengthy piece, not on dhikr per se, but the mystical “power of words” in early/ proto-Sufism (“Words of Power and the Power of Words: Mystical Linguistics in the Works of al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi,” Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam [2002]: 204–244). 17. The Japanese scholar’s translation grew out of his 1970 doctoral dissertation at Harvard on prayer in Ghazālī. See also his “A Structural Analysis of Dhikr and Nembutsu,” Orient 7 (1971): 75–98. 18. I have relied on the 2001 Maktaba Madbūlī Cairo edition, one of the two versions utilized by Williams, for my own comparison. 19. The theological problem, common to the monotheistic traditions, essentially rests on the exact ontological status of the “link” ( = Logos, Word, Kalima, Kalām, Revelation, Incarnation, Inlibration) that joins God with the world. Is it created or uncreated, divine or not-divine?
15. 有关一些优秀的论述,请参阅亨利·科尔宾的《伊朗苏菲主义中的光明之人》,英译本。N. Pearson (New York: Omega, 1994), 73-76, 103-104;迈克尔·吉尔塞南,《现代埃及的圣徒和苏菲派》(牛津:牛津大学出版社,1973),156-187页;马歇尔·g·s·霍奇森,《伊斯兰的冒险:世界文明中的良心与历史》(芝加哥:芝加哥大学出版社,1974),第2页210 - 214;瓦莱丽j霍夫曼,苏菲主义,神秘主义者和圣徒在现代埃及(哥伦比亚,南卡罗来纳州:南卡罗来纳大学出版社,1995年),163-188;Annemarie Schimmel,《伊斯兰教的神秘维度》(教堂山:北卡罗来纳大学出版社,1975),167-178页。16. 在不太集中的处理中,应该提到S. Nasr对东正教和伊斯兰灵性中内心祈祷模式的简要比较分析(“Hesychism和Sufism中的内心祈祷”,希腊东正教神学评论,31 [1986]:195-203);S. Sviri的长篇文章,不是关于dhikr本身,而是关于早期/原始苏菲主义中神秘的“词语的力量”(“词语的力量和词语的力量:al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi作品中的神秘语言学”,《耶路撒冷阿拉伯和伊斯兰研究》[2002]:204-244)。17. 这位日本学者的翻译源于他1970年在哈佛大学发表的关于祈祷的博士论文Ghazālī。参见他的《对Dhikr和Nembutsu的结构分析》,东方7(1971):75-98。18. 我用2001年的Maktaba Madbūlī开罗版来做比较,这是Williams使用的两个版本之一。19. 神学问题,共同的一神论传统,本质上取决于确切的本体论地位的“链接”(= Logos, Word, Kalima, Kalām,启示,化身,Inlibration),将上帝与世界。它是受造的还是非受造的,是神圣的还是非神圣的?
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引用次数: 0
Ask Tesadüfleri Sever2/Love Likes Coincidences 2 (Feature by Ömer Faruk Sorak, ?pek Sorak, and Alp Tekin)
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2979/jims.6.1.09
Cigdem Slankard
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引用次数: 0
Analytic Philosophy and Avicenna: Knowing the Unknown (By Mohammad Azadpur) 分析哲学与阿维森纳:认识未知(默罕默德·阿扎德普尔著)
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2979/jims.6.1.05
Muhammad U. Faruque
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引用次数: 0
The "Actively Dying" Patient and the Making of Muslim Identities: Exploring Religious Identities Through End-of-Life Care in the United States “主动死亡”病人与穆斯林身份的形成:通过美国临终关怀探索宗教身份
Pub Date : 2020-12-11 DOI: 10.2979/jims.5.1.03
Cortney Hughes Rinker
Abstract:This article is based upon an ethnographic study that focuses on the experiences of Muslim patients and their families in Washington, D.C. as they interact with the health care system during times of serious illness and end-of-life care. It uses the medical phrase, "actively dying," as a theoretical tool to analyze the creation, transformation, and contestation of Muslim identities and religiosity within the social, economic, and political context of the United States. Literature in the social sciences and other fields such as social work and public health has shown that religious beliefs can influence decision-making at the end of life; however, this study makes two interventions in this research. First, it demonstrates that the physical changes that occur with the onset of death can inform religious identities and religiosity. Second, while death is usually conceptualized as an end, and often described as a closure, it can be used as a starting point to study religious identity and transformation among the Muslim patients, families, and health care providers who participated in this research. This conceptualization allows one to explore how other factors - such as the financial costs associated with hospital care, the physical and emotional labors of caregiving, and the political and social climate of the United States - all play a role in the creation of religious identity. Using data collected through formal and informal interviews, observations at a hospital in a DC suburb, and visual and textual analysis, this article shows how "actively dying" is not only a useful concept to study death, but also can shed light upon how Muslim identities are formed or changed in the United States.
摘要:本文基于一项民族志研究,该研究主要关注华盛顿特区穆斯林患者及其家人在严重疾病和临终关怀期间与医疗保健系统互动的经历。它使用医学术语“积极死亡”作为理论工具来分析美国社会、经济和政治背景下穆斯林身份和宗教信仰的创造、转变和争论。社会科学和社会工作和公共卫生等其他领域的文献表明,宗教信仰可以影响生命结束时的决策;然而,本研究在本研究中做了两个干预。首先,它表明,随着死亡的开始而发生的身体变化可以告知宗教身份和宗教信仰。其次,虽然死亡通常被定义为一种结束,通常被描述为一种结束,但它可以作为一个起点,研究参与本研究的穆斯林患者、家属和医疗保健提供者的宗教认同和转变。这一概念允许人们探索其他因素如何在宗教身份的形成中发挥作用,例如与医院护理相关的财务成本,护理的身体和情感劳动,以及美国的政治和社会气候。本文通过正式和非正式访谈、在华盛顿郊区一家医院的观察、以及视觉和文本分析收集到的数据,表明“主动死亡”不仅是研究死亡的一个有用概念,而且可以阐明穆斯林身份在美国是如何形成或改变的。
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引用次数: 0
The Teachings of al-Sayyid al-Amīr Jamāl al-Dīn 'Abdullāh al-Tanūkhī al-Sayyid al- am<e:1> r Jamāl al- d<e:1> n 'Abdullāh al-Tanūkhī的教义
Pub Date : 2020-12-11 DOI: 10.2979/jims.5.1.04
E. Aboultaif
Abstract:The Druze are an offshoot of Islam, historically situated in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Israel/Palestine. Among the most distinguished religious figures that emerged from this community was al-Amīr 'Abdullāh at-Tanūkhī (d. 1479 CE), who was very well known among the Druze for reviving their religious doctrine. His guidance was also sought to resolve disagreements and conflicts that emerged among the Christian, Jewish, Sunni, and Shī'ī communities in the region of Mount Lebanon. This article investigates the religious revival and socio-political reforms introduced by al-Tanūkhī, especially since in Islamic studies there is little reference to him or his works, despite the importance of his religious, social, and political contributions.
摘要:德鲁兹人是伊斯兰教的一个分支,历史上分布在黎巴嫩、叙利亚、约旦和以色列/巴勒斯坦。在这个社区中出现的最杰出的宗教人物是al- am r 'Abdullāh at-Tanūkhī(公元1479年),他在德鲁兹人中因复兴他们的宗教教义而闻名。他的指导也被用来解决黎巴嫩山地区基督教、犹太教、逊尼派和什叶派社区之间出现的分歧和冲突。本文调查了al-Tanūkhī所带来的宗教复兴和社会政治改革,特别是因为在伊斯兰研究中很少提及他或他的作品,尽管他在宗教、社会和政治方面做出了重要贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Negotiating Modernity and Islam in pre-1952 Egyptian Cinema 1952年前埃及电影中的现代性与伊斯兰谈判
Pub Date : 2020-12-11 DOI: 10.2979/jims.5.1.11
Heba Arafa Abdelfattah
Abstract:A quick glance at Egyptian films before the 1952 revolution can easily lead to conclusions that modernity in Egypt emerged as a predominately secular domain that is anti-religion. But a closer look at screenwriting tools reveals that Islam served as a substratum of everyday life practices of film characters. This essay sheds light on metaphors representing Islam in the cinematic critique of modernity by drawing on selected scenes from the popular classics Talaq Su'ad Hanim/The Divorce of Lady Su'ad, directed by Anwar Wajdi [Wagdi], 1948, and al-Zawja al-Sabi'a/The Seventh Wife, directed by Muhammad 'Imara, 1950. The two films enjoy a visible presence in Egyptian popular culture until today. Both critique how the materialization of modernity among the Cairene bourgeoisie leads to the appropriation of metaphors representing Islam, such as Islamic legal tradition, to sustain a class hierarchy thriving on colonization and war. The two films present an expanding trajectory and direction of female agency in response to the appropriation of Islamic personal law for divorce amid film characters who are depicted as caricatures of modernity. In so doing, these early films recognize how religion did not shrink or diminish under the pressures of modernization; they are examples of how cinema serves as a supplemental secular public sphere that is not anti-religion—one which accentuates the crucial difference between Islam as a faith, Islam as an ideology and Islam as a body of legal knowledge that has the vital semantic potentials to be translated into secular idioms, and in a "universally accessible language." More notably, the films underscore the importance of decoding the ethical intuitions of religious traditions which could be incorporated into a "post-secular" stance that finds an ally in religious sources of meaning in challenging the forces of global capitalism. And above all, the films show that such a task falls not only to experts and religious citizens but also to all citizens engaged in the public use of reason.
摘要:快速浏览一下1952年革命前的埃及电影,很容易得出这样的结论:埃及的现代性是以反宗教的世俗领域为主导的。但仔细观察剧本创作工具就会发现,伊斯兰教是电影人物日常生活实践的基础。本文通过选取流行经典影片《塔拉克·苏阿德·哈尼姆》(1948年,由安瓦尔·瓦伊迪执导)和《第七任妻子》(1950年,由穆罕默德·伊马拉执导)中的一些场景,揭示了现代电影批判中代表伊斯兰教的隐喻。直到今天,这两部电影仍在埃及流行文化中占有一席之地。两者都批判了开罗资产阶级的现代性物质化如何导致了代表伊斯兰的隐喻的挪用,比如伊斯兰法律传统,以维持在殖民和战争中蓬勃发展的阶级等级。这两部电影呈现了女性代理的扩展轨迹和方向,以回应在电影角色中被描绘成现代性讽刺的伊斯兰个人法对离婚的挪用。在这样做的过程中,这些早期电影认识到宗教在现代化的压力下并没有萎缩或减少;它们是电影如何作为一个补充世俗公共领域而不是反宗教的例子——它强调了伊斯兰作为一种信仰、一种意识形态和一种法律知识体系之间的关键区别,伊斯兰作为一种法律知识体系具有重要的语义潜力,可以被翻译成世俗的习语,并以一种“普遍可及的语言”。更值得注意的是,这些电影强调了解读宗教传统的道德直觉的重要性,这些传统可以被纳入“后世俗”立场,在挑战全球资本主义力量的过程中,找到宗教意义来源的盟友。最重要的是,这些电影表明,这样的任务不仅落在专家和宗教公民身上,而且落在所有从事公共理性运用的公民身上。
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引用次数: 0
National (In)security and Identity Boundaries: The Rise of Muslim Conservative Propaganda in Indonesia 国家安全与身份边界:印尼穆斯林保守派宣传的兴起
Pub Date : 2020-12-11 DOI: 10.2979/jims.5.1.01
S. Muwahidah
Abstract:Islamist groups have popularized conservative values and narratives in everyday discourse in Indonesia. Since 2014, Islamist hardliner groups have instituted anti-Shi'a, anti-LGBT, and anti-Chinese propaganda campaigns, which have created moral panic and have led to discrimination and violence against these minority groups. This article interrogates why conservative propaganda has been so effective and appealing to Indonesian Muslims. Using George Lakoff's theory of metaphor and Fredrik Barth's theory of boundaries, this article investigates: (1) the selection of metaphors used by radical Muslim groups in their campaigns; (2) how these metaphors introduce or reify boundaries across sectarian, gender, and citizenship identities that are not compatible with the notion of fluid and porous boundaries common to pre-colonial Southeast Asian Muslim societies; (3) how the efficacy of Islamist propaganda has led to increasing discrimination and physical attacks on the Shi'a, LGBT, and Chinese communities; (4) how this propaganda helps radical Salafi-Takfiri groups to revamp their previous "dangerous-extremist" image into the vanguard of the struggle by Indonesian Muslims to protect both "Islamic purity" and "national security."
摘要:伊斯兰组织在印尼的日常话语中普及了保守的价值观和叙事。自2014年以来,伊斯兰强硬派组织发起了反什叶派、反lgbt和反华的宣传运动,造成了道德恐慌,并导致了对这些少数群体的歧视和暴力。这篇文章质疑为什么保守派的宣传对印尼穆斯林如此有效和有吸引力。本文运用乔治·拉科夫的隐喻理论和弗雷德里克·巴特的边界理论,研究了:(1)激进穆斯林团体在竞选活动中使用的隐喻选择;(2)这些隐喻如何引入或具体化宗派、性别和公民身份之间的界限,这些界限与殖民前东南亚穆斯林社会普遍存在的流动和多孔边界的概念不相容;(3)伊斯兰宣传的有效性如何导致对什叶派、LGBT和华人社区的歧视和人身攻击增加;(4)这种宣传如何帮助激进的萨拉菲派-塔克菲派组织将他们之前的“危险极端分子”形象改造成印尼穆斯林为保护“伊斯兰纯洁性”和“国家安全”而斗争的先锋。
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引用次数: 1
Veiled Identities: Islam, Hui Ethnicity, and Dress Codes in Northwest China 面纱身份:中国西北地区的伊斯兰教、回族和着装规范
Pub Date : 2020-12-11 DOI: 10.2979/jims.5.1.02
Timothy A. Grose
Abstract:As is common in many Muslim communities, Islamic veiling in China marks important stages in a woman's life, membership in a particular community, and commitment to Islam. In recent years, the richly diverse regional head coverings, especially the "woman's hat" (Ch. nü maozi) and the single-piece scarf (Ch. shajin or toujin) have been gradually replaced by vibrantly-colored hijab-style veils (Ch. gaitou or dadi) more common to countries in Southeast Asia, North Africa, and Turkey. In Xinjiang, "imported" veiling styles have caught the attention of government officials, who have responded by banning certain headwear in an attempt to eradicate Islamic "extremism." Based on research conducted in Gansu and Qinghai, China between 2014 and 2017, this article describes the changing veiling fashions of these regions, and examines the meanings both Muslim women and men attach to them. The embrace of new head coverings suggests a transregional and perhaps trans-minzu solidarity built around a common creed.
摘要:在中国,佩戴伊斯兰面纱标志着女性人生的重要阶段、成为某一特定社区的成员以及对伊斯兰教的信仰,这在许多穆斯林社区都很常见。近年来,丰富多样的地区性头巾,特别是“妇女帽”(nü maozi)和单件头巾(shajin或toujin)已逐渐被色彩鲜艳的头巾风格的面纱(gaitou或dadi)所取代,这些面纱在东南亚、北非和土耳其国家更为常见。在新疆,“舶来品”的面纱风格引起了政府官员的注意,他们的回应是禁止某些头饰,试图根除伊斯兰“极端主义”。本文基于2014年至2017年在中国甘肃和青海进行的研究,描述了这些地区不断变化的面纱时尚,并探讨了穆斯林女性和男性赋予其的意义。对新头巾的接受表明,围绕一个共同信条建立起来的跨地区、或许是跨民族的团结。
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引用次数: 0
The End of Middle East History and Other Conjectures by Richard W. Bulliet (review) 《中东历史的终结与其他猜想》理查德·w·布利特著(书评)
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2979/jims.5.1.05
Bruce B. Lawrence
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引用次数: 0
Repentance and the Return to God: Tawba in Early Sufism by Atif Khalil (review) 忏悔与归向真主:早期苏非主义的陶白(阿提夫·哈利勒著)
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2979/jims.5.1.06
Shankar Nair
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Islamic and Muslim Studies
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