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Bioinformatic-based Study to Investigate the Structure and Function of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines TNFα and IL-6 Involved in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19. 基于生物信息学的研究,探究参与 COVID-19 发病机制的促炎细胞因子 TNFα 和 IL-6 的结构和功能。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.30699/IJP.2024.2015557.3211
Seyedeh Elham Norollahi, Kosar Babaei, Vida Balooei, Seyed Masoud Hashemi Karouei, Mohammad Taghi Ashoobi, Elahe Asghari Gharakhyli, Ali Akbar Samadani

Background & objective: Besides the clinical and laboratory research on the COVID-19 virus, the bioinformatics study in the field of genetics of immunity to COVID-19 is of particular importance. In this account, studies show that in patients with COVID-19, the level of tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is high and in severe cases of COVID-19, the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and other cytokines increases profoundly. On the other hand, investigating the molecular structure and receptors of IL-6 and TNFα and the structural analysis of the receptor proteins may potentially help to develop new therapeutic plans for COVID-19 infection.

Methods: To identify genes with significant and different expressions in patients with COVID-19 in a microarray data set containing transcriptional profiles from GEO as a functional genomic database the GEO query package version 2.64.2 in a programming language R version 4.2.1 was downloaded. In this way, functional enrichment analysis for DEGs, WikiPathways, REGO, gene ontology, and STRING database was also investigated and employed.

Results: The structure and function of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 were investigated, and in general, after performing various analyses in this study and extracting A series of genes with different expressions from the KEGG database, the final 5 DEGs include CXCL14, CXCL6, CCL8, CXCR1, TNFRSF10, and the relationship and expression effects of them were observed in different pathways.

Conclusion: IL-6 and TNFα were involved in immunological processes that had a direct and indirect relationship with the activation of cytokines, including IL6 and TNF-a, and cytokine storm, and this indicates their role in the formation of problems and complications, including ARDS, in COVID-19 patients. Of course, determining the effectiveness of each of these genes requires more specialized and clinical studies.

背景与目的:除了 COVID-19 病毒的临床和实验室研究外,COVID-19 免疫遗传学领域的生物信息学研究也尤为重要。这方面的研究表明,COVID-19 患者体内肿瘤坏死α(TNFα)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的水平较高,在 COVID-19 重症病例中,IL-6、TNF-α 和其他细胞因子的产生量显著增加。另一方面,研究 IL-6 和 TNFα 的分子结构和受体以及对受体蛋白的结构分析可能有助于开发针对 COVID-19 感染的新治疗方案:为了从作为功能基因组数据库的 GEO 中包含转录图谱的微阵列数据集中识别 COVID-19 患者中具有显著不同表达的基因,我们下载了编程语言 R 4.2.1 版中的 GEO 查询软件包 2.64.2。此外,还对 DEGs、WikiPathways、REGO、基因本体论和 STRING 数据库进行了功能富集分析:研究了COVID-19发病机制中涉及的促炎细胞因子TNFα和IL-6的结构和功能,总体而言,在本研究中进行了各种分析,并从KEGG数据库中提取了一系列具有不同表达的基因后,最终确定的5个DEGs包括CXCL14、CXCL6、CXCL8、CXCR1、TNFRSF10,并观察了它们在不同通路中的关系和表达效应:IL-6和TNFα参与了免疫过程,与细胞因子(包括IL-6和TNF-a)的激活和细胞因子风暴有直接或间接的关系,这表明它们在COVID-19患者的问题和并发症(包括ARDS)的形成过程中发挥了作用。当然,要确定这些基因各自的有效性,还需要更专业的临床研究。
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引用次数: 0
Targeted Therapy with a Novel Superantigen-based Fusion Protein Against Interleukin-13 Receptor α2-overexpressing Tumor Cells: An In-silico Study. 利用基于超级抗原的新型融合蛋白对白细胞介素-13受体α2-表达缺失的肿瘤细胞进行靶向治疗:模拟研究。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.30699/IJP.2024.2014231.3200
Zahra Gholipour, Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi, Kazem Parivar

Background & objective: Superantigens are bacterial toxins that induce a massive immune response in the host. Superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) can form a ternary complex with its receptors, MHC class II (MHCII) and TCR, and can be used in tumor-targeting therapy, particularly when cooperating with a specific vector. In this study, SEB was fused to interleukin-13 (IL13), which forms a complex with IL13 receptor α2 (IL13Rα2) overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells for therapeutic goals.

Methods: We designed four fusion proteins based on the arrangement of SEB (N- or C-terminal domain) and provided a flexible inter-domain linker (no or yes), resulting in the formation of SEB-IL13, SEB-L-IL13, IL13-SEB, and IL13-L-SEB, respectively. These fusion proteins were then evaluated for their various physicochemical properties and structural characteristics. Bioinformatics tools were employed to predict, refine, and validate the three-dimensional structure of the fusion proteins. In addition, the fusion proteins were docked with IL13Rα2, MHCII, and TCR receptors through the HADDOCK 2.4 server. The candidate fusion protein was subjected to molecular dynamics simulation.

Results: There were differences among the designed fusion proteins. The model with the N-terminal domain of IL13 and containing an inter-domain linker (IL13-L-SEB) was stable and had a long half-life. The docking analysis revealed that the IL13-L-SEB fusion protein had a higher binding affinity to the IL13Rα2, MHCII, and TCR receptors. Finally, using molecular dynamics simulation through iMODS, acceptable results were obtained for the IL13-L-SEB docked complexes.

Conclusion: The results suggest IL13-L-SEB is a promising novel fusion protein for cancer therapeutic application.

背景与目的:超级抗原是一种细菌毒素,可诱导宿主产生大规模免疫反应。超级抗原葡萄球菌肠毒素 B(SEB)可与其受体 MHC II 类(MHCII)和 TCR 形成三元复合物,可用于肿瘤靶向治疗,尤其是与特定载体配合使用时。在这项研究中,SEB与白细胞介素-13(IL13)融合,后者与多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)细胞中过表达的IL13受体α2(IL13Rα2)形成复合物,从而达到治疗目的:我们根据SEB的排列(N端或C端结构域)设计了四种融合蛋白,并提供了灵活的结构域间连接(无或有),从而分别形成了SEB-IL13、SEB-L-IL13、IL13-SEB和IL13-L-SEB。然后对这些融合蛋白的各种理化性质和结构特征进行了评估。生物信息学工具被用来预测、完善和验证融合蛋白的三维结构。此外,还通过 HADDOCK 2.4 服务器将融合蛋白与 IL13Rα2、MHCII 和 TCR 受体进行了对接。对候选融合蛋白进行了分子动力学模拟:结果:设计的融合蛋白之间存在差异。以IL13的N-末端结构域并含有结构域间连接的模型(IL13-L-SEB)稳定,半衰期长。对接分析表明,IL13-L-SEB融合蛋白与IL13Rα2、MHCII和TCR受体的结合亲和力更高。最后,通过iMODS进行分子动力学模拟,IL13-L-SEB对接复合物获得了可接受的结果:结论:研究结果表明,IL13-L-SEB 是一种很有希望应用于癌症治疗的新型融合蛋白。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of P4HB and SOX4 in Prostatic Carcinoma and Their Clinical Significance. P4HB和SOX4在前列腺癌中的作用及其临床意义
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.30699/IJP.2024.2017851.3227
Marwa Mohammed Dawoud, Noha Elkady, Rasha Adel Abdelmoneum, Ahmed S Ghonaimy, Dina Mohamed Allam

Background & objective: Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the second most prevalent cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Additionally, pathologists may face problems diagnosing it reliably and may need more than one marker. Thus, the search for new immunohistochemical biomarkers becomes mandatory. This study aims to investigate P4HB and SOX4 expression in prostatic carcinoma, their possible roles, and clinical significance.

Methods: This retrospective study included fifty-six cases of PAC and an equal number of nodular prostatic hyperplasia (NPH) that were immunohistochemically stained by P4HB and SOX4. The results of expression were compared between PAC and NPH cases, followed by correlations with available clinicopathological parameters.

Results: There was a highly significant difference between PAC and NPH regarding P4HB and SOX4 expressions in favor of PAC (both P<0.001). ROC curve analysis of the diagnostic power of P4HB showed 79% sensitivity, 76% specificity, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.845, while SOX4 showed (89%, 100%, and 0.946, respectively). P4HB and SOX4 expression showed a direct correlation (P<0.001). Moreover, the H-score of SOX4 expression showed a significant inverse relation with ERG expression (P=0.047). There was a significant correlation between P4HB and SOX4 and Gleason score (P<0.001). Moreover, P4HB expression was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion (P=0.013), while SOX4 expression showed a significant association with perineural invasion (P=0.05).

Conclusion: SOX4 and P4HB seem to have diagnostic and prognostic value in PAC. While there was a direct correlation between SOX4 and P4HB, an inverse relationship between SOX4 and ERG was detected.

背景与目的:前列腺腺癌(PAC)是全球发病率第二高的癌症,也是导致男性癌症死亡的第五大原因。此外,病理学家在对其进行可靠诊断时可能会遇到困难,而且可能需要一种以上的标记物。因此,寻找新的免疫组化生物标记物就成为了当务之急。本研究旨在探讨 P4HB 和 SOX4 在前列腺癌中的表达、可能的作用和临床意义:这项回顾性研究纳入了 56 例 PAC 和相同数量的结节性前列腺增生(NPH)病例,并对其进行了 P4HB 和 SOX4 免疫组织化学染色。比较了 PAC 和 NPH 病例的表达结果,并与现有的临床病理参数进行了相关分析:结果:PAC和NPH病例的P4HB和SOX4表达差异极大,PAC更优(PPP均=0.047)。P4HB和SOX4与Gleason评分有明显相关性(PP=0.013),而SOX4的表达与神经周围侵犯有明显相关性(P=0.05):结论:SOX4和P4HB似乎对PAC具有诊断和预后价值。结论:SOX4和P4HB似乎对PAC具有诊断和预后价值,虽然SOX4和P4HB之间存在直接相关性,但SOX4和ERG之间存在反向关系。
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引用次数: 0
Utility of ER, p53, CEA and Napsin A in Histological Subtyping of Endometrial Carcinoma and Their Correlation with Clinicopathological Prognostic Parameters: Experience from a Referral Institute. ER、p53、CEA 和 Napsin A 在子宫内膜癌组织学亚型中的实用性及其与临床病理预后参数的相关性:一家转诊机构的经验。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.30699/IJP.2024.2008693.3154
Saumya Shivakumar, Kausalya K Sahu, Ranjitha Rao, Chaithra Gv, Cheryl Sarah Philipose, Sharada Rai

Background & objective: Endometrial Carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer with a global incidence of 23.2 per 1 lakh population. Histological subclassification of EC is extremely crucial for the diagnosis, proper management strategies, and prognosis. This study was conducted in a tertiary care institute to analyze the expression pattern of a minimum panel of 4 markers (ER, p53, CEA, Napsin A) with emphasis on their utility in the routine histological subtyping, aberrant expression, and correlation with various clinicopathological parameters.

Methods: A time-bound cross-sectional observational and analytical study was conducted, which includes cases diagnosed in our laboratory from January 2016 to April 2021.

Results: Sixty cases diagnosed as EC during the study period formed the sample cases. The ER was expressed in 85% (53/60) of cases in the current study. Among them, 94% (50/53) were endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs). A negative correlation was found between ER intensity and age (r= -1.48). Of 60 EC cases, 10 (16%) cases expressed p53. The tumors positive for p53 with higher intensity were negative for ER and vice versa. The expression pattern of ER and p53 was statistically significant (P=-0.021). On IHC, 84.6% (11/13) of CEA-positive cases expressed both ER and CEA, suggesting mucinous differentiation. Napsin A was expressed in two cases of EEC, FIGO grade I, and one case of serous carcinoma.

Conclusion: An inverse association was found between ER and p53 expression. The CEA is valuable in identifying EEC with mucinous differentiation.

背景与目的:子宫内膜癌(EC)是最常见的妇科癌症,全球发病率为每 10 万人口 23.2 例。子宫内膜癌的组织学亚分类对于诊断、正确的治疗策略和预后至关重要。本研究在一家三级医疗机构进行,分析了至少 4 个标记物(ER、p53、CEA、Napsin A)的表达模式,重点研究了它们在常规组织学亚分类中的作用、异常表达以及与各种临床病理参数的相关性:方法:进行了一项有时间限制的横断面观察和分析研究,包括2016年1月至2021年4月在本实验室确诊的病例:结果:研究期间确诊为EC的60例病例构成了样本病例。在本次研究中,85%的病例(53/60)表现为 ER。其中,94%(50/53)为子宫内膜样内膜癌(EECs)。ER强度与年龄呈负相关(r=-1.48)。在60例EEC中,有10例(16%)表达p53。p53阳性且强度较高的肿瘤ER阴性,反之亦然。ER和p53的表达模式具有统计学意义(P=-0.021)。在 IHC 检测中,84.6%(11/13)的 CEA 阳性病例同时表达 ER 和 CEA,提示为粘液性分化。有两例FIGO I级EEC和一例浆液性癌表达Napsin A:结论:ER 和 p53 的表达呈反向关系。结论:ER 和 p53 的表达呈反向关系,CEA 对鉴别粘液性分化的 EEC 很有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Clinicopathological Features of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia (FFA) in 26 females: A Retrospective Study. 26例女性额部纤维性脱发的临床病理特征:回顾性研究。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.30699/IJP.2024.2014122.3194
Maryam Khalili, Nafise Esmaeilpour, Simin Shamsi-Meymandi, Rezvan Amiri, Fatemeh Gheisoori, Mahin Aflatoonian

Background & objective: FFA usually has a gradual subtle course and might be overlooked by physicians or misdiagnosed with other types of hair loss including androgenetic alopecia, traction alopecia, and other types of patterned alopecia. In this study, we described clinicopathological features of patients with FFA referring for skin biopsy.

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study on 26 patients with a diagnosis of FFA based on clinicopathological features. Firstly, the demographic and clinical features of patients were extracted from an electronic database. Then, skin biopsy specimens were reviewed regarding the presence or absence of hair follicles, site and severity of infiltrations, and presence of fibrosis.

Results: Most of the patients were over fifty years of age (57.7%) with a mean age of 50.73 ± 10.03 years. Frontal region involvement was observed in all of the cases. Eyebrow hair loss was observed in 38.5% of cases. The most frequent clinical findings were the absence of vellus hairs in frontotemporal regions (96.2%) and perifollicular erythema (92.3%). The most common pathological features were involvement of the vellus hairs (84.6%), replacement of follicular epithelium with fibrous sheath (80.8%), and destruction of sebaceous glands (69.2%). Peri-infundibular and peri-bulbar interface changes were observed in 50% and 61.5% of skin biopsies, respectively. Perifollicular fibrosis was demonstrated in half of the skin biopsies.

Conclusion: FFA is most commonly observed in females after the 5th decade of life. The absence of vellus hairs and the replacement of follicular epithelium with fibrous sheath are the most common clinical and pathological features of the disease, respectively.

背景与目的:FFA通常有一个渐进的微妙过程,可能被医生忽视或误诊为其他类型的脱发,包括雄激素性脱发、牵引性脱发和其他类型的斑秃。在这项研究中,我们描述了FFA患者参考皮肤活检的临床病理特征。方法:对26例基于临床病理特征诊断为FFA的患者进行回顾性横断面研究。首先,从电子数据库中提取患者的人口学和临床特征。然后,检查皮肤活检标本是否存在毛囊,浸润的部位和严重程度,以及纤维化的存在。结果:50岁以上患者居多(57.7%),平均年龄50.73±10.03岁。所有病例均可见额叶区受累。眉毛脱落占38.5%。最常见的临床表现是额颞区没有绒毛(96.2%)和毛囊周围红斑(92.3%)。最常见的病理特征是绒毛受损伤(84.6%),毛囊上皮被纤维鞘取代(80.8%),皮脂腺破坏(69.2%)。在50%和61.5%的皮肤活检中分别观察到颊周和球周界面的改变。半数皮肤活检显示滤泡周围纤维化。结论:FFA最常见于50岁以后的女性。牛皮毛的缺失和纤维鞘取代毛囊上皮分别是本病最常见的临床和病理特征。
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引用次数: 0
Do Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) 2 and 3 Proteins Play a Role in Prognosis of Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma? 成纤维细胞生长因子受体 (FGFR) 2 和 3 蛋白对浸润性尿路上皮膀胱癌的预后有影响吗?
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-29 DOI: 10.30699/IJP.2024.2012115.3180
Shereen Fathy Mahmoud, Nanis Shawky Holah, Alshimaa Mahmoud Alhanafy, Marwa Mohammed Serag El-Edien

Background & objective: Bladder carcinoma ranks second in prevalence among males in Egypt. As a family of tyrosine kinases, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) dysregulation has been linked to some malignancies in humans. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinicopathological data of patients while investigating FGFR2 and FGFR3 immunohistochemical expression in invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 60 invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) cases in the Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, from 2009 to 2020. All biopsies were stained for FGFR2 and FGFR3 antibodies. Complete clinical data were available for 44 patients treated and followed in clinical oncology and nuclear medicine departments.

Results: Advanced stage and high grade are significantly correlated with FGFR2 positivity (P=0.048 and 0.044, respectively). Cases presented with Perineural invasion showed a higher percentage of FGFR2 (P=0.023). There is a significant indirect linear correlation between FGFR3 expression and lymph node positivity (r= -0.265, P=0.041).

Conclusion: A high FGFR2 expression could be associated with poor prognostic parameters, while high FGFR3 expression would be associated with good prognostic parameters. These findings might highlight the importance of FGFR-targeted therapy as a FGFR2 antagonist and FGFR3 agonist for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma patients.

背景与目的:在埃及,膀胱癌在男性发病率中排名第二。作为酪氨酸激酶家族的一员,成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)失调与人类的一些恶性肿瘤有关。本研究旨在分析患者的临床病理数据,同时研究浸润性尿路上皮膀胱癌中 FGFR2 和 FGFR3 的免疫组化表达:这项回顾性横断面研究纳入了梅努菲亚大学医学院病理学系2009年至2020年的60例浸润性尿路上皮癌(UC)病例。所有活检组织均进行了表皮生长因子受体 2(FGFR2)和表皮生长因子受体 3(FGFR3)抗体染色。临床肿瘤科和核医学科对 44 例患者进行了治疗和随访,并获得了完整的临床数据:结果:晚期和高级别肿瘤与 FGFR2 阳性有明显相关性(P=0.048 和 0.044)。有硬脑膜周围侵犯的病例显示出更高的 FGFR2 阳性率(P=0.023)。FGFR3表达与淋巴结阳性之间存在明显的间接线性相关(r= -0.265,P=0.041):结论:FGFR2的高表达与不良预后参数相关,而FGFR3的高表达与良好预后参数相关。这些研究结果可能会突出表皮生长因子受体靶向治疗(表皮生长因子受体2拮抗剂和表皮生长因子受体3激动剂)对治疗尿路癌患者的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Proven Cutaneous Mucormycosis in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review. 一名 COVID-19 患者确诊的皮肤黏液瘤病:病例报告与文献综述
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.30699/IJP.2024.2006768.3143
Arezoo Salami Khaneshan, Mahsa Falahatinejad, Mahsa Abdorahimi, Mohammadreza Salehi, Farzad Aala, Alireza Abdollahi, Hana Saffar, Sadegh Khodavaisy

There has been a rise in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) cases, particularly in low-income countries. We describe a case of primary cutaneous mucormycosis after recovering from COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient who had a known case of diabetes mellitus. The patient developed cutaneous ulcers due to Rhizopus oryzae in the right hand. She did not recall any trauma or injury at the affected site. Based on the appearance of the wound we suspected that healthcare-associated mucormycosis could be the causative agent. Due to the initial misdiagnosis as a bacterial infection, the appropriate treatment was delayed, and the lesions progressed rapidly to necrotic ulcers with jagged margins that deteriorated during hospitalization. She underwent consecutive surgical interventions and received broad-spectrum antifungal therapy. Finally, the patient deceased after 32 days of hospital stay. We reviewed the previous case reports of cutaneous mucormycosis occurring in COVID-19 patients and described patient characteristics, predisposing factors, location of ulcers, clinical presentation, management, and outcome. This report and existing published literature indicate a poor outcome for cutaneous mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients and the importance of early diagnosis, aggressive multidisciplinary management, and regular follow-up as a life-saving measure, especially in immunocompromised patients.

与 COVID-19 相关的粘孢子菌病(CAM)病例呈上升趋势,尤其是在低收入国家。我们描述了一例已知患有糖尿病的肾移植受者从 COVID-19 康复后出现原发性皮肤粘液瘤病的病例。患者的右手因Rhizopus oryzae而出现皮肤溃疡。她不记得患处有任何外伤或损伤。根据伤口的外观,我们怀疑病原体可能是与医疗相关的粘孢子菌病。由于最初被误诊为细菌感染,因此延误了适当的治疗,病变迅速发展为边缘参差不齐的坏死性溃疡,并在住院期间恶化。她连续接受了手术治疗,并接受了广谱抗真菌治疗。最后,患者在住院 32 天后死亡。我们回顾了之前关于 COVID-19 患者发生皮肤粘液瘤病的病例报告,并描述了患者特征、诱发因素、溃疡位置、临床表现、处理和预后。本报告和现有发表的文献表明,COVID-19 患者皮肤粘液瘤病的预后较差,因此早期诊断、积极的多学科管理和定期随访是挽救生命的重要措施,尤其是对免疫力低下的患者。
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引用次数: 0
Clinicopathological Profile of Primary Extra Nodal Lymphoma from a Tertiary Care Center in South India. 南印度一家三级医疗中心原发性结节外淋巴瘤的临床病理概况
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.30699/IJP.2024.2018132.3229
Nischitha N Suvarna, Vidya Monappa

Background & objective: Primary extranodal lymphoma (pENL) is a malignant lymphoid neoplasm that presents with the main bulk of disease at an extranodal site. The incidence of primary pENL has risen sharply in recent years due to the advent of better diagnostic modalities. Diagnosing pENL can be challenging due to its morphological overlap with other tumors native to the site of origin. This study aims to establish the anatomic distribution, clinical presentations, possible etiologic correlations, and histological subtypes of pENL in a tertiary care center located in South India.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 109 patients with pENL (69 males, 40 females, M: F = 1.7:1) over 5 years (October 2012 to September 2017). The tumors were reclassified according to WHO classification of Haematolymphoid tumors, 5th edition, 2022.

Results: pENL constituted 109/481 cases (22.6%) of all NHL cases, with the highest incidence in 7th decade. The gastrointestinal tract (39%) was the predominant site involved, followed by head and neck (26%). Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common histomorphological variant followed by Follicular lymphoma (FL). The majority of the patients were immunocompetent (89%) and presented with stage IV disease (31.1%) at diagnosis.

Conclusion: This study presents an overview of the diverse distribution patterns of both common and rare pENL within a tertiary care center. The accurate diagnosis of pENL necessitates the elimination of secondary extranodal involvement. It is important to note that the accurate diagnosis of pENL requires careful evaluation and exclusion of other possible causes.

背景与目的:原发性结节外淋巴瘤(pENL)是一种恶性淋巴肿瘤,主要发病部位在结节外。近年来,由于出现了更好的诊断方法,原发性结节外淋巴瘤的发病率急剧上升。由于与原发部位的其他肿瘤在形态上存在重叠,因此诊断原发性前列腺癌具有一定的挑战性。本研究旨在确定位于南印度的一家三级医疗中心中 pENL 的解剖分布、临床表现、可能的病因相关性和组织学亚型:这是一项回顾性研究,研究对象为5年内(2012年10月至2017年9月)109名pENL患者(69名男性,40名女性,男:女=1.7:1)。根据2022年第5版《世界卫生组织血淋巴肿瘤分类》对肿瘤进行了重新分类。结果:在所有NHL病例中,pENL占109/481例(22.6%),第7个十年发病率最高。胃肠道(39%)是主要受累部位,其次是头颈部(26%)。弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)是最常见的组织形态学变异,其次是滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)。大多数患者免疫功能正常(89%),确诊时疾病处于 IV 期(31.1%):本研究概述了常见和罕见pENL在一家三级医疗中心的不同分布模式。要准确诊断 pENL,必须排除继发性结节外受累。值得注意的是,pENL 的准确诊断需要仔细评估并排除其他可能的病因。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 Impact on Pathology Education Program in Iran. COVID-19对伊朗病理学教育计划的影响。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.30699/IJP.2024.2004823.3130
Shabnam Mashhadi, Alireza Abdollahi, Fereshteh Ameli, Fatemeh Nili

Background & objective: The coronavirus disease brought worldwide uncertainty, and Iran was affected by it as well as many other countries in the world. Halting face-to-face education due to social distancing and resident re-employment in clinical wards leads to defective education. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of modifications made in pathology residency education in Iran.

Methods: This online survey was conducted on all pathology residents in Iran. An online 30-item questionnaire was developed and used in this study.

Results: Sixty residents (88.3% female) participated in this survey. The majority (70%) of the residents were over 30 years old. Fifty percent of the responders reported that their personal life was influenced by the pandemic. Skyroom and Adobe Connect were the most common platforms for online education with overall satisfaction of 65%. The webinars were considered suitable by 51.7% of the responders. Concerns at work were reported by 48.3% of the residents, while 78.3% reported being exposed to the disease and 55% reported being infected. Concerns about transmission of the disease to family members were reported by 90% of the responders.

Conclusion: This study showed that the pathology residency modifications were successful in providing education. However, their social and educational life characteristics might affect their satisfaction with online education.

背景与目的:冠状病毒疾病给全世界带来了不确定性,伊朗和世界其他许多国家都受到了影响。由于社会距离和住院医师在临床病房的重新就业,停止面对面的教育导致了教育的缺陷。本调查旨在评估伊朗病理学住院医师教育改革的利弊:这项在线调查的对象是伊朗的所有病理学住院医师。结果:60 名住院医师(88.3%)对伊朗病理学住院医师教育改革的优点和缺点进行了评估:60 名住院医师(88.3% 为女性)参与了此次调查。大多数住院医师(70%)的年龄在 30 岁以上。50%的受访者表示他们的个人生活受到了大流行病的影响。Skyroom 和 Adobe Connect 是最常用的在线教育平台,总体满意度为 65%。51.7% 的受访者认为网络研讨会是合适的。48.3% 的受访者对工作表示担忧,78.3% 的受访者表示曾接触过该疾病,55% 的受访者表示曾被感染。90%的受访者表示担心疾病会传染给家人:这项研究表明,病理住院医师培训在提供教育方面是成功的。然而,他们的社会和教育生活特征可能会影响他们对在线教育的满意度。
{"title":"COVID-19 Impact on Pathology Education Program in Iran.","authors":"Shabnam Mashhadi, Alireza Abdollahi, Fereshteh Ameli, Fatemeh Nili","doi":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2004823.3130","DOIUrl":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2004823.3130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>The coronavirus disease brought worldwide uncertainty, and Iran was affected by it as well as many other countries in the world. Halting face-to-face education due to social distancing and resident re-employment in clinical wards leads to defective education. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of modifications made in pathology residency education in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This online survey was conducted on all pathology residents in Iran. An online 30-item questionnaire was developed and used in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty residents (88.3% female) participated in this survey. The majority (70%) of the residents were over 30 years old. Fifty percent of the responders reported that their personal life was influenced by the pandemic. Skyroom and Adobe Connect were the most common platforms for online education with overall satisfaction of 65%. The webinars were considered suitable by 51.7% of the responders. Concerns at work were reported by 48.3% of the residents, while 78.3% reported being exposed to the disease and 55% reported being infected. Concerns about transmission of the disease to family members were reported by 90% of the responders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that the pathology residency modifications were successful in providing education. However, their social and educational life characteristics might affect their satisfaction with online education.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"19 3","pages":"272-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Serum C-reactive Protein Levels about Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Function in Iranian Women with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. 伊朗亚临床甲状腺功能减退症妇女血清 C 反应蛋白水平与胰岛素抵抗和 Beta 细胞功能的关系。
Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.30699/IJP.2024.2015823.3213
Amirali Ayatollahi, Zohre Moosavi, Hossein Ayatollahi

Background & objective: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), is defined as an asymptomatic state characterized by a normal serum concentration of free thyroxine and elevated serum concentration of TSH. This study aims to investigate the complex interplay between hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance, beta cell function, and low-grade chronic inflammation in Iranian women with SCH.

Methods: Eighty women with SCH and 80 healthy women as controls matched to the patient group for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI), were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. TSH, free T3, free T4, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fasting insulin, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Triglyceride, HOMA-IR index, Beta cell function (HOMA-B index) and insulin sensitivity were determined.

Results: Hs-CRP was not statistically different between the SCH patients and the control group (3.7±3.2 Vs 3.6±4.0, P>0.05). Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly higher; however, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were not statistically different in patients with SCH as compared with the control group. Fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR and Beta cell function (HOMA-B) were significantly higher in SCH women compared to the control group. A positive correlation between HOMA-IR and HOMA-B with TSH levels was found (r=0.324, r=0.191, P<0.05 respectively). A positive correlation between insulin levels and hs-CRP (r=0.22, P<0.05), also between insulin levels and TSH (r=0.312, P<0.05) and LDL- LDL-cholesterol was obtained (r=0.27, P<0.05).

Conclusion: Iranian women with SCH may exhibit elevated atherogenic parameters (hyperinsulinemia, LDL-cholesterol, and total cholesterol), HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B.

背景与目的:亚临床甲状腺功能减退症(SCH)被定义为一种以血清游离甲状腺素浓度正常和血清TSH浓度升高为特征的无症状状态。本研究旨在探讨伊朗SCH女性高胰岛素血症、胰岛素抵抗、β细胞功能和低度慢性炎症之间的复杂相互作用。方法:80名SCH女性和80名健康女性作为对照,与患者组的性别、年龄和体重指数(BMI)相匹配,参与了这项前瞻性横断面研究。测定TSH、游离T3、游离T4、高敏感c反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、hdl -胆固醇、ldl -胆固醇、甘油三酯、HOMA-IR指数、β细胞功能(HOMA-B指数)、胰岛素敏感性。结果:SCH患者Hs-CRP与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(3.7±3.2 Vs 3.6±4.0,P < 0.05)。总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著升高;然而,SCH患者的甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与对照组相比无统计学差异。与对照组相比,SCH女性的空腹胰岛素水平、HOMA-IR和β细胞功能(HOMA-B)显著升高。发现HOMA-IR和HOMA-B与TSH水平呈正相关(r=0.324, r=0.191, ppppp)。结论:伊朗SCH患者可能表现出动脉粥样硬化参数(高胰岛素血症、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和总胆固醇)、HOMA-IR和HOMA-B升高。
{"title":"Serum C-reactive Protein Levels about Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Function in Iranian Women with Subclinical Hypothyroidism.","authors":"Amirali Ayatollahi, Zohre Moosavi, Hossein Ayatollahi","doi":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2015823.3213","DOIUrl":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2015823.3213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), is defined as an asymptomatic state characterized by a normal serum concentration of free thyroxine and elevated serum concentration of TSH. This study aims to investigate the complex interplay between hyperinsulinism, insulin resistance, beta cell function, and low-grade chronic inflammation in Iranian women with SCH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty women with SCH and 80 healthy women as controls matched to the patient group for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI), were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. TSH, free T3, free T4, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fasting insulin, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Triglyceride, HOMA-IR index, Beta cell function (HOMA-B index) and insulin sensitivity were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hs-CRP was not statistically different between the SCH patients and the control group (3.7±3.2 Vs 3.6±4.0, <i>P</i>>0.05). Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly higher; however, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were not statistically different in patients with SCH as compared with the control group. Fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR and Beta cell function (HOMA-B) were significantly higher in SCH women compared to the control group. A positive correlation between HOMA-IR and HOMA-B with TSH levels was found (r=0.324, r=0.191, <i>P</i><0.05 respectively). A positive correlation between insulin levels and hs-CRP (r=0.22, <i>P</i><0.05), also between insulin levels and TSH (r=0.312, <i>P</i><0.05) and LDL- LDL-cholesterol was obtained (r=0.27, <i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Iranian women with SCH may exhibit elevated atherogenic parameters (hyperinsulinemia, LDL-cholesterol, and total cholesterol), HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"19 3","pages":"326-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Iranian Journal of Pathology
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