Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1377271
Jarrod White, L. Newman, G. Melvin, L. Manderson, K. Simpson
ABSTRACT Debate over the validity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in culturally and contextually diverse groups with histories of trauma needs to consider clinical response, and while not overlooking the presence of PTSD, sensitivity to contextual variation in response to trauma is important. We report on a study that examined PTSD within two culturally distinct populations living in Australia: Sudanese refugees and Holocaust survivors. Measures used included the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire - Revised and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale – Brief (WHOQOL-Bref). Samples were contrasted using T-tests for PTSD case-ness, Mann–Whitney U’s to compare PTSD symptom endorsement and Pearson correlations to explore relationships between PTSD case-ness and symptoms with quality of life (QOL). Whilst PTSD case-ness was found to negatively correlate with QOL in both groups, group differences were found in relationship strength between traumatic memory and QOL. Difference indicates the need to contextualize PTSD and its symptoms not only by considering symptom endorsement, but also by symptom interpretation.
{"title":"Contextualizing post-traumatic stress disorder within culturally diverse groups: a comparison of Holocaust survivors and Sudanese refugees","authors":"Jarrod White, L. Newman, G. Melvin, L. Manderson, K. Simpson","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1377271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1377271","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Debate over the validity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in culturally and contextually diverse groups with histories of trauma needs to consider clinical response, and while not overlooking the presence of PTSD, sensitivity to contextual variation in response to trauma is important. We report on a study that examined PTSD within two culturally distinct populations living in Australia: Sudanese refugees and Holocaust survivors. Measures used included the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire - Revised and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale – Brief (WHOQOL-Bref). Samples were contrasted using T-tests for PTSD case-ness, Mann–Whitney U’s to compare PTSD symptom endorsement and Pearson correlations to explore relationships between PTSD case-ness and symptoms with quality of life (QOL). Whilst PTSD case-ness was found to negatively correlate with QOL in both groups, group differences were found in relationship strength between traumatic memory and QOL. Difference indicates the need to contextualize PTSD and its symptoms not only by considering symptom endorsement, but also by symptom interpretation.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"43 1","pages":"321 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77821613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1362448
J. Möller, Ludmila Peregrinova, S. Badde, S. Oddo, K. Unterhorst, A. Stirn
ABSTRACT Body piercing of the genitalia and nipples, called intimate piercing (IP), is an increasingly popular practice. However, research on psychological effects of IP is still scarce. In the present study we assessed the assumption that IP may play a key role in coping with childhood abuse, psychological distress, and body image derogations. An IP sample consisting of 71 female and male participants with at least one genital and/or one nipple piercing was assessed with psychometric tests. Indeed, the IP sample included significantly more subjects with emotional, sexual, and physical childhood abuse as well as emotional and physical neglect experiences, than expected in the German general population. On the contrary, the IP sample did not yield psychological distress symptoms of clinical relevance and showed an average body image profile. The results are discussed in light of trauma-coping strategies.
{"title":"Childhood abuse and neglect in intimately pierced individuals","authors":"J. Möller, Ludmila Peregrinova, S. Badde, S. Oddo, K. Unterhorst, A. Stirn","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1362448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1362448","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Body piercing of the genitalia and nipples, called intimate piercing (IP), is an increasingly popular practice. However, research on psychological effects of IP is still scarce. In the present study we assessed the assumption that IP may play a key role in coping with childhood abuse, psychological distress, and body image derogations. An IP sample consisting of 71 female and male participants with at least one genital and/or one nipple piercing was assessed with psychometric tests. Indeed, the IP sample included significantly more subjects with emotional, sexual, and physical childhood abuse as well as emotional and physical neglect experiences, than expected in the German general population. On the contrary, the IP sample did not yield psychological distress symptoms of clinical relevance and showed an average body image profile. The results are discussed in light of trauma-coping strategies.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"237 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88438510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1367411
Shunsuke Nonaka, H. Shimada, Motohiro Sakai
ABSTRACT It is important to appropriately assess the adaptive behaviors of individuals with hikikomori (IWH) using parent reports. However, currently, there is no gold standard in the assessment of adaptive behaviors of IWH. This study aimed to: (1) develop the Adaptive Behaviors Scale for Hikikomori (ABS-H); (2) examine the factor structure of the ABS-H; and (3) examine the reliability and validity of ABS-H. A factor analysis and item response theory (IRT) analysis were conducted using data from 761 parents. Reliability and validity of ABS-H were assessed using measures of severity of hikikomori, difficulty in social participation, extent of places where IWH were active, days on which IWH went out, duration of hikikomori and happiness about relationship with one’s child. A total of 26 items were selected and item-trait was examined from the IRT results. Factor analysis identified four group factors. Cronbach’s alpha was found to be .97. Criterion-referenced, convergent and discriminant validity of the instrument were satisfactory. This study suggests that the ABS-H is a reliable measure with acceptable criterion-referenced, convergent and discriminant validity. Further research is needed to clarify the extent to which the ABS-H is sensitive in capturing the changes in the features of hikikomori.
{"title":"Assessing adaptive behaviors of individuals with hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal): development and psychometric evaluation of the parent-report scale","authors":"Shunsuke Nonaka, H. Shimada, Motohiro Sakai","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1367411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1367411","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It is important to appropriately assess the adaptive behaviors of individuals with hikikomori (IWH) using parent reports. However, currently, there is no gold standard in the assessment of adaptive behaviors of IWH. This study aimed to: (1) develop the Adaptive Behaviors Scale for Hikikomori (ABS-H); (2) examine the factor structure of the ABS-H; and (3) examine the reliability and validity of ABS-H. A factor analysis and item response theory (IRT) analysis were conducted using data from 761 parents. Reliability and validity of ABS-H were assessed using measures of severity of hikikomori, difficulty in social participation, extent of places where IWH were active, days on which IWH went out, duration of hikikomori and happiness about relationship with one’s child. A total of 26 items were selected and item-trait was examined from the IRT results. Factor analysis identified four group factors. Cronbach’s alpha was found to be .97. Criterion-referenced, convergent and discriminant validity of the instrument were satisfactory. This study suggests that the ABS-H is a reliable measure with acceptable criterion-referenced, convergent and discriminant validity. Further research is needed to clarify the extent to which the ABS-H is sensitive in capturing the changes in the features of hikikomori.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"280 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83994051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1381132
A. Abdel-Khalek, D. Lester
ABSTRACT Previous research, mostly on Western samples, indicates that religiosity is associated with lowered anxiety. The objective of this study was to explore the associations between religiosity and subjective well-being (SWB): happiness, satisfaction with life, and mental health in Egyptian and British samples. Samples of 220 Egyptian and 205 British college students were recruited. The results indicated that Egyptians obtained the high mean score on religiosity, whereas British had the high SWB mean scores. All the correlations between the self-rating scales in both samples were statistically significant and positive. A single component was extracted and labelled ‘SWB and religiosity’ in both countries. Despite the large differences between the Egyptian and British samples in both the mean scale scores and culture, the results of the correlations and the component were similar. On the basis of the responses of the current two samples, it was concluded that those who consider themselves as religious experienced greater well-being.
{"title":"Subjective well-being and religiosity: significant associations among college students from Egypt and the United Kingdom","authors":"A. Abdel-Khalek, D. Lester","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1381132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1381132","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Previous research, mostly on Western samples, indicates that religiosity is associated with lowered anxiety. The objective of this study was to explore the associations between religiosity and subjective well-being (SWB): happiness, satisfaction with life, and mental health in Egyptian and British samples. Samples of 220 Egyptian and 205 British college students were recruited. The results indicated that Egyptians obtained the high mean score on religiosity, whereas British had the high SWB mean scores. All the correlations between the self-rating scales in both samples were statistically significant and positive. A single component was extracted and labelled ‘SWB and religiosity’ in both countries. Despite the large differences between the Egyptian and British samples in both the mean scale scores and culture, the results of the correlations and the component were similar. On the basis of the responses of the current two samples, it was concluded that those who consider themselves as religious experienced greater well-being.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"332 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89100991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1376104
A. Jilani, Rahul Saha, P. K. Dalal, R. Kallivayalil, Anshuman Tiwari, Sujita Kumar Kar
ABSTRACT Besides the availability of mental health services, the role of non-psychiatric healthcare providers (HCPs) and help seeking behaviour of patients/caregivers are important determinants of the pathway for early engagement with psychiatric services. We explored the help seeking behaviour of 151 persons with first episode non-affective psychosis for their preferences for making contacts/consultations with various types of HCPs; and the role of HCPs in psychiatric referrals using a modified encounter form of the World Health Organization. The most common type of the first and subsequent HCPs were faith healers, followed by local practitioners, general medical practitioners and mental health professionals. The average number of contacts before reaching the study centre was 7.19. Study centre referral was mainly by significant individuals/organizations in the community. The consequent pathway map of the pathway to psychiatric care was complex and multidirectional without a definite pattern of hierarchy of HCPs and was dominated by faith healers/local practitioners. In view of faith healers/local practitioners being the main type of HCPs in the pathway, and the non-HCPs individual/organizations being the most common referral source to study centre, the authors’advocate minimal mental health training of non-psychiatrist HCPs and non-HCPs individuals/organizations.
{"title":"The impact of awareness of psychotic disorder on pathways to psychiatric care for first episode psychosis in India","authors":"A. Jilani, Rahul Saha, P. K. Dalal, R. Kallivayalil, Anshuman Tiwari, Sujita Kumar Kar","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1376104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1376104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Besides the availability of mental health services, the role of non-psychiatric healthcare providers (HCPs) and help seeking behaviour of patients/caregivers are important determinants of the pathway for early engagement with psychiatric services. We explored the help seeking behaviour of 151 persons with first episode non-affective psychosis for their preferences for making contacts/consultations with various types of HCPs; and the role of HCPs in psychiatric referrals using a modified encounter form of the World Health Organization. The most common type of the first and subsequent HCPs were faith healers, followed by local practitioners, general medical practitioners and mental health professionals. The average number of contacts before reaching the study centre was 7.19. Study centre referral was mainly by significant individuals/organizations in the community. The consequent pathway map of the pathway to psychiatric care was complex and multidirectional without a definite pattern of hierarchy of HCPs and was dominated by faith healers/local practitioners. In view of faith healers/local practitioners being the main type of HCPs in the pathway, and the non-HCPs individual/organizations being the most common referral source to study centre, the authors’advocate minimal mental health training of non-psychiatrist HCPs and non-HCPs individuals/organizations.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"28 1","pages":"295 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72554953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1376105
Kanika Malik, P. Chand, P. Marimuthu, L. Suman
ABSTRACT Understanding the beliefs and attitudes of the people in community towards drinking among women is important, as this is likely to affect social support and social integration of women recovering from alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The present study aimed to examine awareness and beliefs about alcohol use among women in India from women in the community. The sample comprised of 60 women drawn from an urban community of India using snowball sampling technique. All participants were over 18 years of age and were assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test and a semi-structured interview schedule (SIS) developed for the study. The SIS assessed participants’ awareness about alcohol use among women, beliefs about risk and protective factors and the need for treatment among women with alcohol use problems. Findings indicated that women from the community stigmatized and stereotyped women with AUDs, but only to a mild degree. To a large extent, they were aware of alcohol use problems among women and the possible risk and protective factors associated with the same. These findings have significance for strengthening social support for recovery and rehabilitation of women with alcohol use problems in India.
{"title":"Awareness and beliefs about alcohol use among women in India","authors":"Kanika Malik, P. Chand, P. Marimuthu, L. Suman","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1376105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1376105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Understanding the beliefs and attitudes of the people in community towards drinking among women is important, as this is likely to affect social support and social integration of women recovering from alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The present study aimed to examine awareness and beliefs about alcohol use among women in India from women in the community. The sample comprised of 60 women drawn from an urban community of India using snowball sampling technique. All participants were over 18 years of age and were assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test and a semi-structured interview schedule (SIS) developed for the study. The SIS assessed participants’ awareness about alcohol use among women, beliefs about risk and protective factors and the need for treatment among women with alcohol use problems. Findings indicated that women from the community stigmatized and stereotyped women with AUDs, but only to a mild degree. To a large extent, they were aware of alcohol use problems among women and the possible risk and protective factors associated with the same. These findings have significance for strengthening social support for recovery and rehabilitation of women with alcohol use problems in India.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"311 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91245472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1364283
M. Economou, K. Souliotis, L. Peppou, Irene Agapidaki, C. Tzavara, C. Stefanis
ABSTRACT Major depression is a common mental health disorder and one of the most pressing public health concerns worldwide. No nationwide survey, which investigates the prevalence of a particular mental disorder, has ever been conducted in Cyprus. The present study aims to fill this gap by attempting to explore the prevalence and correlates of major depression in Cyprus amid financial crisis. A random and representative sample of 600 adult Cypriots participated in the study. The presence of major depression was assessed with the pertinent module of the Structured Clinical Interview (SCI-D), while the Index of Personal Economical Distress (IPED) was employed in order to measure participants’ degree of financial strain. One-month prevalence of major depression was found to be 11.5%. A substantial proportion of the sample reported difficulties in paying household bills (40.9%), clothing (38.9%) and the supermarket (37.1%). Furthermore, female gender, divorced/widowed family status, low educational attainment, unemployment and financial hardship were found to be risk factors for major depression; whereas social networks and institutional trust were found to act in a protective manner. The present study suggests that the impact of financial crisis on mental health is unequally distributed among the general population in Cyprus, rendering certain subgroups particularly vulnerable.
{"title":"Major depression in Cyprus amid financial crisis: prevalence and correlates","authors":"M. Economou, K. Souliotis, L. Peppou, Irene Agapidaki, C. Tzavara, C. Stefanis","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1364283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1364283","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Major depression is a common mental health disorder and one of the most pressing public health concerns worldwide. No nationwide survey, which investigates the prevalence of a particular mental disorder, has ever been conducted in Cyprus. The present study aims to fill this gap by attempting to explore the prevalence and correlates of major depression in Cyprus amid financial crisis. A random and representative sample of 600 adult Cypriots participated in the study. The presence of major depression was assessed with the pertinent module of the Structured Clinical Interview (SCI-D), while the Index of Personal Economical Distress (IPED) was employed in order to measure participants’ degree of financial strain. One-month prevalence of major depression was found to be 11.5%. A substantial proportion of the sample reported difficulties in paying household bills (40.9%), clothing (38.9%) and the supermarket (37.1%). Furthermore, female gender, divorced/widowed family status, low educational attainment, unemployment and financial hardship were found to be risk factors for major depression; whereas social networks and institutional trust were found to act in a protective manner. The present study suggests that the impact of financial crisis on mental health is unequally distributed among the general population in Cyprus, rendering certain subgroups particularly vulnerable.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"255 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75335120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1362449
Philip Opondo, K. Molebatsi, A. Olashore, J. Ayugi, A. Ho-Foster, D. Ndetei
ABSTRACT Although there are some universal themes in the nature of psychotic psychopathology, like delusions and hallucinations, the content of the symptoms is often shaped by cultural beliefs and personal experiences and thus may differ from place to place. The mental health practitioner needs to be aware of the prevalent cultural myths and beliefs in their geographical area of practice. The increased globalization and migration of individuals makes it important for mental health practitioners to be aware of other culturally influenced symptomatology from areas far flung from their geographical area of practice, hence the need to report such in the psychiatric literature. This paper presents and discusses four cases of patients seen in psychiatric practice in Botswana, Southern Africa, who presented with delusions and/or hallucinations involving a Thokolosi. Thokolosi is a mythical creature in the local people’s folklore, which is alleged, amongst other attributes, to have the ability to harm one’s enemies, bring wealth to its owner and sexually molest both men and women. The paper argues for the need to explore a patient’s explanatory model of their illness and recognize the role of alternative methods of treatment.
{"title":"Mythical and supernatural creatures in psychiatric symptomatology: Thokolosi in Southern Africa","authors":"Philip Opondo, K. Molebatsi, A. Olashore, J. Ayugi, A. Ho-Foster, D. Ndetei","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1362449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1362449","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although there are some universal themes in the nature of psychotic psychopathology, like delusions and hallucinations, the content of the symptoms is often shaped by cultural beliefs and personal experiences and thus may differ from place to place. The mental health practitioner needs to be aware of the prevalent cultural myths and beliefs in their geographical area of practice. The increased globalization and migration of individuals makes it important for mental health practitioners to be aware of other culturally influenced symptomatology from areas far flung from their geographical area of practice, hence the need to report such in the psychiatric literature. This paper presents and discusses four cases of patients seen in psychiatric practice in Botswana, Southern Africa, who presented with delusions and/or hallucinations involving a Thokolosi. Thokolosi is a mythical creature in the local people’s folklore, which is alleged, amongst other attributes, to have the ability to harm one’s enemies, bring wealth to its owner and sexually molest both men and women. The paper argues for the need to explore a patient’s explanatory model of their illness and recognize the role of alternative methods of treatment.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"33 1","pages":"248 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79012680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1364284
J. Aneja, B. Chavan, A. Huria, P. Goel, Navneet Kohli, P. Chhabra
ABSTRACT This study aimed at evaluation of perceived stress, anxiety, depression and coping among pregnant women. Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS), Pregnancy Related Anxiety Scale (PRAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Brief COPE inventory were administered to 110 ante-natal mothers. Nearly one third (30.9%) reported significant stress and 20.9% had pregnancy related anxiety. Depression was found in 7.3%, and 47.3% and 23.6% of participants reported significant trait and state anxiety respectively. An expectation of a male child by the participant’s family (p = 0.003), worries of giving birth to a female child (p = 0.037) and practicing Hinduism were associated with significant stress. Antenatal mothers who perceived high stress on PSS-14 significantly differed on reporting of child related anxiety on the PRAS (p < 0.001), state anxiety (p = 0.046), trait anxiety (p < 0.01) and total scores on STAI (p < 0.01). Emotional focused and avoidance oriented coping was more often used by participants who perceived high stress. Correlation analyses showed that total perceived stress scores were positively correlated with trait anxiety (p = 0.011) and total STAI score (p = 0.022). None of the obstetrical factors were associated with perceived stress. It was concluded that a significant proportion of pregnant women perceive stress and pregnancy related anxiety.
{"title":"Perceived stress and its psychological correlates in pregnant women: an Indian study","authors":"J. Aneja, B. Chavan, A. Huria, P. Goel, Navneet Kohli, P. Chhabra","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1364284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1364284","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed at evaluation of perceived stress, anxiety, depression and coping among pregnant women. Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS), Pregnancy Related Anxiety Scale (PRAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Brief COPE inventory were administered to 110 ante-natal mothers. Nearly one third (30.9%) reported significant stress and 20.9% had pregnancy related anxiety. Depression was found in 7.3%, and 47.3% and 23.6% of participants reported significant trait and state anxiety respectively. An expectation of a male child by the participant’s family (p = 0.003), worries of giving birth to a female child (p = 0.037) and practicing Hinduism were associated with significant stress. Antenatal mothers who perceived high stress on PSS-14 significantly differed on reporting of child related anxiety on the PRAS (p < 0.001), state anxiety (p = 0.046), trait anxiety (p < 0.01) and total scores on STAI (p < 0.01). Emotional focused and avoidance oriented coping was more often used by participants who perceived high stress. Correlation analyses showed that total perceived stress scores were positively correlated with trait anxiety (p = 0.011) and total STAI score (p = 0.022). None of the obstetrical factors were associated with perceived stress. It was concluded that a significant proportion of pregnant women perceive stress and pregnancy related anxiety.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"268 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74031382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-06DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1479764
R. Cirici Amell, J. Cobo, Maria Martí Castanyer, N. Giménez Gómez
ABSTRACT Burden of care is a complex construct. A gender approach could help to a further understanding of the process. However, previous publications give us inconclusive data. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of gender and other factors in the burden experienced by relatives of people diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A sample of 93 Mediterranean Caucasian caregivers (70% women) of 61 patients (87% men) responded to a structured interview and to the Spanish version of Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). The ZBI showed a 0.872 Cronbach α-coefficient. The best factorial solution included five main components explaining 62% of the variance. Of caregivers, 89% showed high levels of burden. Burden ZBI scores (from highest to lowest) accounted for: worries about patient’s future, strain, interference with privacy, lack of resources and feelings of rejection towards the patient. Global burden was not associated with carer’s gender but it was significant with patients’ gender (p = 0.025). There were significant differences in caregiver’s gender in items ‘Health’ (p = 0.020) and ‘Loss of life control’ (p = 0.027). Burden suffered by female patients’ caregivers was 13 points higher (95%CI: 2–24%). In conclusion, in our sample, few relatives escaped from emotional distress and patient’s gender influenced the results.
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