Pub Date : 2018-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1343860
Matt Broadway-Horner
ABSTRACT When embarking on a piece of research it is important to decide on which ontological basis the researcher stands. Do they see the world in absolute terms thereby having a positivist view or do they believe in observing through the constructions of the mind like the constructionists. Because it is from the ontological position that informs the epistemology, i.e. the empiricist who believes that knowledge can be gained via the senses would therefore take on an experimental methodology. Therefore the epistemological stance of how to approach the study and interpret knowledge is key and when this is decided, then the researcher will know which method of data collection to use; is essential for a logical and correct process to be followed and adhered to in order for research into MSM and to stand up to the rigour of peer review [Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., & Ormston, R. (2014). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. London: Sage]. Qualitatively Interpersonal Phenomenological Analysis is chosen for investigating the straight men who have sex occasionally with men (MSM) as it fits with the epistemology stance of the researcher and with the focus on trying to obtain ideas, values and beliefs of the MSM population in order to curb the spread of HIV among straight women.
{"title":"Compare and contrast two different ontological perspectives that might apply to qualitative research in psychology evaluating the impact on epistemology and choice of data collection method in studying straight men who sleep with men (MSM)","authors":"Matt Broadway-Horner","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1343860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1343860","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When embarking on a piece of research it is important to decide on which ontological basis the researcher stands. Do they see the world in absolute terms thereby having a positivist view or do they believe in observing through the constructions of the mind like the constructionists. Because it is from the ontological position that informs the epistemology, i.e. the empiricist who believes that knowledge can be gained via the senses would therefore take on an experimental methodology. Therefore the epistemological stance of how to approach the study and interpret knowledge is key and when this is decided, then the researcher will know which method of data collection to use; is essential for a logical and correct process to be followed and adhered to in order for research into MSM and to stand up to the rigour of peer review [Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., & Ormston, R. (2014). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. London: Sage]. Qualitatively Interpersonal Phenomenological Analysis is chosen for investigating the straight men who have sex occasionally with men (MSM) as it fits with the epistemology stance of the researcher and with the focus on trying to obtain ideas, values and beliefs of the MSM population in order to curb the spread of HIV among straight women.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"19 1","pages":"171 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75041979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1355929
Reem El Baba, E. Colucci
ABSTRACT This systematic review gathers data from the existing literature on the prevalence and course of psychiatric disorders among unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs). The databases PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched and reference lists of papers were also manually examined to identify relevant articles. Peer-reviewed journal articles included focused on the mental health of URMs, who were forced to leave their place of residence because of threats of wars. A narrative synthesis was done to analyse the data presented in the studies. Results from the fifteen studies included in the review highlighted the high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), depression, and anxiety among URMs. The association between internalizing disorders and exposure to trauma, and time since displacement were examined. Separation from family members, death of parents and close relatives, level of exposure to armed conflicts, and threats to a person were the most frequent stressful life events (SLE) among URMs before migration. Although the number of research done on this vulnerable population is increasing overtime, the review highlights the need for further examination of refugee mental health and the factors affecting symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety.
本系统综述收集了有关无人陪伴未成年难民(URMs)精神疾病患病率和病程的现有文献数据。检索了PsychINFO、PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库，并人工检查了论文的参考文献列表，以确定相关文章。包括同行评议的期刊文章，重点关注因战争威胁而被迫离开居住地的难民的心理健康。对研究中提出的数据进行了叙述性综合分析。综述中包含的15项研究的结果强调了创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、抑郁和焦虑在urm中的高患病率。内化障碍与暴露于创伤之间的关系，以及流离失所后的时间。移民前，与家庭成员分离、父母和近亲死亡、接触武装冲突的程度以及对个人的威胁是urm中最常见的生活压力事件(SLE)。尽管对这一弱势群体进行的研究数量在不断增加，但该审查强调有必要进一步检查难民的心理健康状况以及影响创伤后应激障碍、抑郁和焦虑症状的因素。
{"title":"Post-traumatic stress disorders, depression, and anxiety in unaccompanied refugee minors exposed to war-related trauma: a systematic review","authors":"Reem El Baba, E. Colucci","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1355929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1355929","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This systematic review gathers data from the existing literature on the prevalence and course of psychiatric disorders among unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs). The databases PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched and reference lists of papers were also manually examined to identify relevant articles. Peer-reviewed journal articles included focused on the mental health of URMs, who were forced to leave their place of residence because of threats of wars. A narrative synthesis was done to analyse the data presented in the studies. Results from the fifteen studies included in the review highlighted the high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), depression, and anxiety among URMs. The association between internalizing disorders and exposure to trauma, and time since displacement were examined. Separation from family members, death of parents and close relatives, level of exposure to armed conflicts, and threats to a person were the most frequent stressful life events (SLE) among URMs before migration. Although the number of research done on this vulnerable population is increasing overtime, the review highlights the need for further examination of refugee mental health and the factors affecting symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"194 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80882812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-26DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1450431
B. Fadipe, T. Adebowale, A. Ogunwale, Y. Fadipe, Abdul-Hakeem A. Ojeyinka, A. Olagunju
ABSTRACT Self-stigma is a major problem in schizophrenia, with far reaching consequences on treatment and overall outcome, but scarcely examined. In this study we investigated the prevalence and predictors of internalized stigma in schizophrenia in an outpatient population. We recruited 370 adult outpatients with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia. All participants were interviewed with a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-18) and the 29-item Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale. The mean age of participants was 37.87 (± 11.24) years, and included 189 (51.1%) females. The prevalence of high self-stigma was 16.5%. As per ISMI subscales, high experience of discrimination was reported more by participants (24.1%) compared to high alienation (22.4%), high stereotype endorsement(8.6%), and high social withdrawal (20.3%). Only 28.1% of participants scored high on stigma resistance. Following regression analysis, the experience of high self-stigma was independently related to lack of formal education (OR = 3.908), absence of good social support (OR = 0.387), high psychopathology based on the BPRS-18 (OR = 1.156) and less than US$25 average income per month (OR = 0.4990). Self-stigma is a major challenge among patients with schizophrenia beyond acute in-patient treatment. Routine information elicited during clinic visits may help index those with high stigma risk to warrant further exploration and targeted anti-stigma intervention if needed.
{"title":"Internalized stigma in schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study of prevalence and predictors","authors":"B. Fadipe, T. Adebowale, A. Ogunwale, Y. Fadipe, Abdul-Hakeem A. Ojeyinka, A. Olagunju","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1450431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1450431","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Self-stigma is a major problem in schizophrenia, with far reaching consequences on treatment and overall outcome, but scarcely examined. In this study we investigated the prevalence and predictors of internalized stigma in schizophrenia in an outpatient population. We recruited 370 adult outpatients with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia. All participants were interviewed with a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the 18-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-18) and the 29-item Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale. The mean age of participants was 37.87 (± 11.24) years, and included 189 (51.1%) females. The prevalence of high self-stigma was 16.5%. As per ISMI subscales, high experience of discrimination was reported more by participants (24.1%) compared to high alienation (22.4%), high stereotype endorsement(8.6%), and high social withdrawal (20.3%). Only 28.1% of participants scored high on stigma resistance. Following regression analysis, the experience of high self-stigma was independently related to lack of formal education (OR = 3.908), absence of good social support (OR = 0.387), high psychopathology based on the BPRS-18 (OR = 1.156) and less than US$25 average income per month (OR = 0.4990). Self-stigma is a major challenge among patients with schizophrenia beyond acute in-patient treatment. Routine information elicited during clinic visits may help index those with high stigma risk to warrant further exploration and targeted anti-stigma intervention if needed.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"34 1","pages":"583 - 594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83134079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-21DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1442484
Meghan L. Smith, Lawrence H. Yang, Debbie Huang, K. Pike, C. Yuan, Zhen Wang
ABSTRACT Internalized stigma is a barrier to mental health care in China, and stigma reduction is expected to promote treatment utilization, especially for mood disorders and schizophrenia. We aimed to identify the most common domains of internalized stigma of mental illness and to test the hypothesis that people with more severe mood disorders evidence more internalized stigma than those with less severe disorders. The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) was administered to 366 outpatients with various mood disorders in Shanghai. Reliability statistics were calculated and frequently-endorsed items were identified. The magnitude of internalized stigma was compared among diagnostic categories and among sociodemographic groups. Except for stigma resistance, the ISMI and its subscales had good internal consistency. Across subgroups, stereotype endorsement was most commonly reported. Bipolar (versus depressive) disorders, male gender, and less education were associated with more internalized stigma, especially social withdrawal. Contrasting findings in Western countries, those with family history of mental illness trended toward more internalized stigma. We conclude that anti-stigma interventions should focus on reducing social withdrawal and stereotype endorsement, especially for those with more severe mood disorders, males, less educated individuals, and those with family history of mental illness.
{"title":"Measuring internalized stigma of mental illness among Chinese outpatients with mood disorders","authors":"Meghan L. Smith, Lawrence H. Yang, Debbie Huang, K. Pike, C. Yuan, Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1442484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1442484","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Internalized stigma is a barrier to mental health care in China, and stigma reduction is expected to promote treatment utilization, especially for mood disorders and schizophrenia. We aimed to identify the most common domains of internalized stigma of mental illness and to test the hypothesis that people with more severe mood disorders evidence more internalized stigma than those with less severe disorders. The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) was administered to 366 outpatients with various mood disorders in Shanghai. Reliability statistics were calculated and frequently-endorsed items were identified. The magnitude of internalized stigma was compared among diagnostic categories and among sociodemographic groups. Except for stigma resistance, the ISMI and its subscales had good internal consistency. Across subgroups, stereotype endorsement was most commonly reported. Bipolar (versus depressive) disorders, male gender, and less education were associated with more internalized stigma, especially social withdrawal. Contrasting findings in Western countries, those with family history of mental illness trended toward more internalized stigma. We conclude that anti-stigma interventions should focus on reducing social withdrawal and stereotype endorsement, especially for those with more severe mood disorders, males, less educated individuals, and those with family history of mental illness.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"27 1","pages":"522 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78023123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-21DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1444658
Carlos Sandaña, P. Bustos, H. Amigo, A. Canals, R. Rona
ABSTRACT Our purpose was to study the prevalence of mental disorders with an emphasis on somatic symptoms and their association with social support in a Chilean semi-rural area. We studied a sample of 796 adults born between 1974 and 1978 in Limache, Chile. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale test were used to assess depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms and social support, respectively. We found that the prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms was 63.8% in women (most of them in the severe range) and 34.1% in men. The rates of depression and anxiety were 17.7 and 21.7%, respectively. Psychosomatic symptoms were strongly associated with depression (male OR:10.33, CI 95%:2.91–34.54; female OR:6.19, CI 95%:2.64–14.52) and anxiety (male OR:2.63, CI 95%:1.04–6.63; female OR:3.97, CI 95%:2.02–7.78). The association between psychosomatic symptoms and functional impairment was mainly due to symptoms of depression and anxiety. Mental disorders were inversely associated with social support. We conclude that psychosomatic symptoms were the norm, especially in women. Social support is marginally lower in those with a mental disorder, but still perceived as high. Physical complains in these communities are frequently the expression of depression and anxiety.
我们的目的是研究智利半农村地区精神障碍的患病率，重点是躯体症状及其与社会支持的关系。我们研究了796名1974年至1978年间出生在智利利马切的成年人。采用《患者健康问卷-9》、《广泛性焦虑障碍问卷-7》、《患者健康问卷-15》和《医疗结果研究社会支持量表》分别评估抑郁、焦虑、躯体症状和社会支持。我们发现心身症状的患病率在女性中为63.8%(其中大多数在严重范围内)，在男性中为34.1%。抑郁和焦虑的比例分别为17.7%和21.7%。心身症状与抑郁症密切相关(男性OR:10.33, CI 95%: 2.91-34.54;女性OR:6.19，可信区间95%:2.64-14.52)和焦虑(男性OR:2.63，可信区间95%:1.04-6.63;女性OR:3.97, CI 95%: 2.02-7.78)。心身症状与功能障碍之间的关联主要是由于抑郁和焦虑症状。精神障碍与社会支持呈负相关。我们得出结论，心身症状是常态，尤其是在女性中。精神障碍患者的社会支持略低，但仍被认为是高的。在这些社区中，身体上的抱怨往往是抑郁和焦虑的表现。
{"title":"High prevalence of somatic symptoms in a semi-rural Chilean population and its association with depression and anxiety†","authors":"Carlos Sandaña, P. Bustos, H. Amigo, A. Canals, R. Rona","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1444658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1444658","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Our purpose was to study the prevalence of mental disorders with an emphasis on somatic symptoms and their association with social support in a Chilean semi-rural area. We studied a sample of 796 adults born between 1974 and 1978 in Limache, Chile. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale test were used to assess depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms and social support, respectively. We found that the prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms was 63.8% in women (most of them in the severe range) and 34.1% in men. The rates of depression and anxiety were 17.7 and 21.7%, respectively. Psychosomatic symptoms were strongly associated with depression (male OR:10.33, CI 95%:2.91–34.54; female OR:6.19, CI 95%:2.64–14.52) and anxiety (male OR:2.63, CI 95%:1.04–6.63; female OR:3.97, CI 95%:2.02–7.78). The association between psychosomatic symptoms and functional impairment was mainly due to symptoms of depression and anxiety. Mental disorders were inversely associated with social support. We conclude that psychosomatic symptoms were the norm, especially in women. Social support is marginally lower in those with a mental disorder, but still perceived as high. Physical complains in these communities are frequently the expression of depression and anxiety.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"113 1","pages":"564 - 573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79319194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-21DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1442485
Christina Györkös, J. Antonietti, Koorosh Massoudi, Jurgen Becker, G. D. de Bruin, J. Rossier
ABSTRACT This study investigated the moderating effects of culture-driven individual differences in the relationship between work conditions and work-related health outcomes in Switzerland and South Africa: Swiss natives (n = 397) and Swiss foreigners (n = 224), White South Africans (n = 432) and non-White South Africans (n = 434). We used the horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism scale to measure culture-driven individual differences, the Job Content Questionnaire to measure psychological job demands, and the General Health Questionnaire and the General Work Stress Scale to measure work-related health outcomes. Results suggest that high vertical individualism had a general buffering effect in the stress–strain relationship among the South African White group. Low vertical collectivism played a similar role among the South African non-White group and the Swiss foreigners group, while high horizontal collectivism had a detrimental effect in stressful work conditions in both South African groups. Finally, horizontal individualism had no moderating effect. Generally, our study suggests that to investigate the moderating role of culture-driven individual differences according to the ethnic group of belonging is promising, given that the same individual characteristic does not necessarily interact in the same way in the stress–strain relationship.
{"title":"The moderating effects of culture-driven individual differences in the stress-strain relationships: comparison between Switzerland and South Africa","authors":"Christina Györkös, J. Antonietti, Koorosh Massoudi, Jurgen Becker, G. D. de Bruin, J. Rossier","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1442485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1442485","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated the moderating effects of culture-driven individual differences in the relationship between work conditions and work-related health outcomes in Switzerland and South Africa: Swiss natives (n = 397) and Swiss foreigners (n = 224), White South Africans (n = 432) and non-White South Africans (n = 434). We used the horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism scale to measure culture-driven individual differences, the Job Content Questionnaire to measure psychological job demands, and the General Health Questionnaire and the General Work Stress Scale to measure work-related health outcomes. Results suggest that high vertical individualism had a general buffering effect in the stress–strain relationship among the South African White group. Low vertical collectivism played a similar role among the South African non-White group and the Swiss foreigners group, while high horizontal collectivism had a detrimental effect in stressful work conditions in both South African groups. Finally, horizontal individualism had no moderating effect. Generally, our study suggests that to investigate the moderating role of culture-driven individual differences according to the ethnic group of belonging is promising, given that the same individual characteristic does not necessarily interact in the same way in the stress–strain relationship.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"35 1","pages":"536 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86919539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-08DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1442869
B. Sahithya, R. Reddy
ABSTRACT Mental disorders pose a major challenge to the community due to early onset, chronic progressively deteriorating course, frequent relapses and disability. They are associated with tremendous distress both for the patient and the caregiver, and can produce significant disability, especially when not treated in a timely manner. This review aims to discuss the burden of mental illness in terms of economic cost, family burden, disability and unemployment in India. After a conceptual overview of burden, barriers to mental health and treatment gaps are discussed. Finally, progress made in the area of mental health, recent government initiatives and future directions to address the growing problems associated with mental disorders are discussed.
{"title":"Burden of mental illness: a review in an Indian context","authors":"B. Sahithya, R. Reddy","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1442869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1442869","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mental disorders pose a major challenge to the community due to early onset, chronic progressively deteriorating course, frequent relapses and disability. They are associated with tremendous distress both for the patient and the caregiver, and can produce significant disability, especially when not treated in a timely manner. This review aims to discuss the burden of mental illness in terms of economic cost, family burden, disability and unemployment in India. After a conceptual overview of burden, barriers to mental health and treatment gaps are discussed. Finally, progress made in the area of mental health, recent government initiatives and future directions to address the growing problems associated with mental disorders are discussed.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"25 1","pages":"553 - 563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85923287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-22DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1436578
B. Keum, Christina J. Thai, N. Truong, Harim Lydia Ahn, Yun Lu
ABSTRACT The Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version Brief (PEDQ-CVB) is a widely used brief multidimensional measure of general racial discrimination for both students and community populations. We evaluated the factor structure and measurement equivalency of the PEDQ-CVB across diverse racial/ethnic and gender groups. The groups in the current study were Black (N = 306), Asian (N = 310), Latinx (N = 163), multiracial (N = 108), women (N = 555), and men (N = 372). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and test of competing models suggested that the four-factor and bifactor (with four specific factors and one general factor) models were best fitting and most conceptually meaningful. Based on the bifactor model, the PEDQ-CVB could be represented unidimensionally (total scale score) for applied measurement. Multi-group CFAs found evidence of measurement invariance for configural, metric, and scalar models across racial/ethnic and gender groups, suggesting that men and women, and individuals self-identifying as Black, Asian, Latinx and multiracial, interpreted PEDQ-CVB items in a similar fashion. Our findings substantiate the utility of the PEDQ-CVB as a brief general measure of racial/ethnic discrimination and the validity of results from prior studies that used the PEDQ-CVB. Study limitations and future directions for research are discussed.
{"title":"Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version Brief","authors":"B. Keum, Christina J. Thai, N. Truong, Harim Lydia Ahn, Yun Lu","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1436578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1436578","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version Brief (PEDQ-CVB) is a widely used brief multidimensional measure of general racial discrimination for both students and community populations. We evaluated the factor structure and measurement equivalency of the PEDQ-CVB across diverse racial/ethnic and gender groups. The groups in the current study were Black (N = 306), Asian (N = 310), Latinx (N = 163), multiracial (N = 108), women (N = 555), and men (N = 372). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and test of competing models suggested that the four-factor and bifactor (with four specific factors and one general factor) models were best fitting and most conceptually meaningful. Based on the bifactor model, the PEDQ-CVB could be represented unidimensionally (total scale score) for applied measurement. Multi-group CFAs found evidence of measurement invariance for configural, metric, and scalar models across racial/ethnic and gender groups, suggesting that men and women, and individuals self-identifying as Black, Asian, Latinx and multiracial, interpreted PEDQ-CVB items in a similar fashion. Our findings substantiate the utility of the PEDQ-CVB as a brief general measure of racial/ethnic discrimination and the validity of results from prior studies that used the PEDQ-CVB. Study limitations and future directions for research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":"498 - 512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76866837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-22DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1438484
Fatemeh Effati-Daryani, Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Somayeh Zarei, A. Mohammadi, M. Mirghafourvand
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the depression, anxiety and stress status in the various trimesters of pregnancy. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 605 pregnant women referring to Tabriz health centres and health bases by using a two-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The Kruskal Wallis statistical test was used to analyze the data. Some 22.8% of the women were depressed in the first trimester, 30.3% in the second trimester and 36.6% in the third trimester. The corresponding percentages were 17.3%, 12.2% and 27.3% for the anxiety variable and 19.8%, 24.7% and 31.7% for the stress variable. According to the results of this study, in addition to the routine care provided during pregnancy, programmes must be developed to evaluate, diagnose and treat possible mental disorders during this period so that the health of pregnant women and their newborns can be guaranteed.
{"title":"Depression, anxiety and stress in the various trimesters of pregnancy in women referring to Tabriz health centres, 2016","authors":"Fatemeh Effati-Daryani, Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Somayeh Zarei, A. Mohammadi, M. Mirghafourvand","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1438484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1438484","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the depression, anxiety and stress status in the various trimesters of pregnancy. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 605 pregnant women referring to Tabriz health centres and health bases by using a two-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The Kruskal Wallis statistical test was used to analyze the data. Some 22.8% of the women were depressed in the first trimester, 30.3% in the second trimester and 36.6% in the third trimester. The corresponding percentages were 17.3%, 12.2% and 27.3% for the anxiety variable and 19.8%, 24.7% and 31.7% for the stress variable. According to the results of this study, in addition to the routine care provided during pregnancy, programmes must be developed to evaluate, diagnose and treat possible mental disorders during this period so that the health of pregnant women and their newborns can be guaranteed.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"74 1","pages":"513 - 521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77177048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-07DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1427769
S. Shoib, Soumitra Das, S. Singhal, Aatif Rashid, Raheel Mishtaq, Musbiq Manzoor
ABSTRACT Dhat syndrome is a culture-bound syndrome commonly reported in the Indian subcontinent, where sexual competence in man is the trademark of masculinity. Socio-demographic profile, phenomenology and clinical profile of Dhat syndrome, and its related misconceptions were ascertained in the study. Fifty random cases were studied with the tools such as Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-plus) scale, the General Health Questionnaire–28 (GHQ – 28), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). The mean age, with standard deviation (SD), of the sample was 16.67 (± 6.65) years. 38% of patients were diagnosed to have a psychiatric illness among which a majority of cases were diagnosed with a depressive illness (18%). The GHQ Score (Mean ± SD), HAM-D (Mean ± SD) and HAM-A (Mean ± SD) of patients were 11.2 ± 8.2, 16.4 ± 6.1 and 16.1 ± 5.8, respectively. Our study suggests the presence of psychiatric co-morbidity in Dhat syndrome, such cases should be referred to consultation-liaison psychiatrists for proper management, and relevant education should be provided to young adults to remove the myths and misconceptions.
{"title":"Dhat syndrome – A culture-bound sex neurosis of the Indian subcontinent: A prospective randomized study","authors":"S. Shoib, Soumitra Das, S. Singhal, Aatif Rashid, Raheel Mishtaq, Musbiq Manzoor","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1427769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1427769","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dhat syndrome is a culture-bound syndrome commonly reported in the Indian subcontinent, where sexual competence in man is the trademark of masculinity. Socio-demographic profile, phenomenology and clinical profile of Dhat syndrome, and its related misconceptions were ascertained in the study. Fifty random cases were studied with the tools such as Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-plus) scale, the General Health Questionnaire–28 (GHQ – 28), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). The mean age, with standard deviation (SD), of the sample was 16.67 (± 6.65) years. 38% of patients were diagnosed to have a psychiatric illness among which a majority of cases were diagnosed with a depressive illness (18%). The GHQ Score (Mean ± SD), HAM-D (Mean ± SD) and HAM-A (Mean ± SD) of patients were 11.2 ± 8.2, 16.4 ± 6.1 and 16.1 ± 5.8, respectively. Our study suggests the presence of psychiatric co-morbidity in Dhat syndrome, such cases should be referred to consultation-liaison psychiatrists for proper management, and relevant education should be provided to young adults to remove the myths and misconceptions.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"13 1","pages":"470 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78439557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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