Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1561735
Charis Asimopoulos, S. Martinaki
ABSTRACT Bachelor level social work students in Greece were surveyed to assess their attitudes towards the mentally ill in relation to their level of familiarity with mental illness, their demographics and study-related characteristics. The research sample included 370 students who completed a self-report questionnaire including sociodemographic data, the 40-item Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill scale (CAMI) and the 11-item Level of Familiarity Questionnaire. Results from analyses showed that the mean Familiarity index was significantly greater in third- and fourth-year students than in those attending the first and second years. Also, scores on Authoritarianism and Social restrictiveness decreased as the year of study increased. Familiarity index was significantly negatively correlated with both the Authoritarianism and Social restrictiveness dimensions. Increased age and year of studies were found to be positively correlated with Benevolence and Community mental health ideology scores. Furthermore, the Familiarity index was positively correlated with both Benevolence and Community mental health ideology dimensions. The results indicate that the year of studies and level of familiarity play a crucial role in students’ attitudes towards people with mental illness. Implications for additional research and education of bachelor level social work students are discussed.
{"title":"An investigation into social work students’ attitudes towards people with mental illness in Greece","authors":"Charis Asimopoulos, S. Martinaki","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1561735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1561735","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bachelor level social work students in Greece were surveyed to assess their attitudes towards the mentally ill in relation to their level of familiarity with mental illness, their demographics and study-related characteristics. The research sample included 370 students who completed a self-report questionnaire including sociodemographic data, the 40-item Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill scale (CAMI) and the 11-item Level of Familiarity Questionnaire. Results from analyses showed that the mean Familiarity index was significantly greater in third- and fourth-year students than in those attending the first and second years. Also, scores on Authoritarianism and Social restrictiveness decreased as the year of study increased. Familiarity index was significantly negatively correlated with both the Authoritarianism and Social restrictiveness dimensions. Increased age and year of studies were found to be positively correlated with Benevolence and Community mental health ideology scores. Furthermore, the Familiarity index was positively correlated with both Benevolence and Community mental health ideology dimensions. The results indicate that the year of studies and level of familiarity play a crucial role in students’ attitudes towards people with mental illness. Implications for additional research and education of bachelor level social work students are discussed.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"76 1","pages":"741 - 752"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80545322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1556715
Augusta R. Herman, S. J. Pullen, Brittany C. L. Lange, Nicole Christian-Brathwaite, Melissa Ulloa, Michael P Kempeh, Dyujay G Karnga, Dorothy Johnson, B. Harris, D. Henderson, C. Borba
ABSTRACT Liberians have experienced significant psychological trauma following fourteen years of violent civil war and the 2014–2015 Ebola epidemic, but there are only two psychiatrists for the entire population. However, many traditional healers commonly treat mental health-related illnesses throughout the country. This paper examines the potential for collaboration between traditional and Western medicine to close the mental health treatment gap in Liberia. We conducted 35 semi-structured qualitative interviews with Liberian traditional healers and utilizers of traditional medicine asking questions about common health problems, treatments, beliefs, and personal preferences. Participants discussed cultural attitudes, beliefs, and structural factors that may influence collaboration between traditional and Western medicine. Healers expressed willingness to collaborate in order to strengthen their skills, though realized Western physicians were hesitant to collaborate. Additionally, Liberians believed in both medical traditions, though preferred Western medicine. Finally, structural factors such as geographic distance and financial barriers made traditional medicine more accessible than Western medicine. Traditional healers and utilizers support collaboration as evidenced by their perceptions of cultural attitudes, beliefs, and structural factors within the Liberian context. With Liberia’s overwhelming mental illness burden, a collaboration between traditional healers and Western medicine physicians offers a solution to the treatment gap in Liberian mental health care.
{"title":"Closing the mental health treatment gap through the collaboration of traditional and Western medicine in Liberia","authors":"Augusta R. Herman, S. J. Pullen, Brittany C. L. Lange, Nicole Christian-Brathwaite, Melissa Ulloa, Michael P Kempeh, Dyujay G Karnga, Dorothy Johnson, B. Harris, D. Henderson, C. Borba","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1556715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1556715","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Liberians have experienced significant psychological trauma following fourteen years of violent civil war and the 2014–2015 Ebola epidemic, but there are only two psychiatrists for the entire population. However, many traditional healers commonly treat mental health-related illnesses throughout the country. This paper examines the potential for collaboration between traditional and Western medicine to close the mental health treatment gap in Liberia. We conducted 35 semi-structured qualitative interviews with Liberian traditional healers and utilizers of traditional medicine asking questions about common health problems, treatments, beliefs, and personal preferences. Participants discussed cultural attitudes, beliefs, and structural factors that may influence collaboration between traditional and Western medicine. Healers expressed willingness to collaborate in order to strengthen their skills, though realized Western physicians were hesitant to collaborate. Additionally, Liberians believed in both medical traditions, though preferred Western medicine. Finally, structural factors such as geographic distance and financial barriers made traditional medicine more accessible than Western medicine. Traditional healers and utilizers support collaboration as evidenced by their perceptions of cultural attitudes, beliefs, and structural factors within the Liberian context. With Liberia’s overwhelming mental illness burden, a collaboration between traditional healers and Western medicine physicians offers a solution to the treatment gap in Liberian mental health care.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"104 1","pages":"693 - 704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86920590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1556714
Grace Kyoon-Achan, Wanda Philips-Beck, J. Lavoie, R. Eni, Stephanie Sinclair, Kathi Avey Kinew, Naser Ibrahim, A. Katz
ABSTRACT In Canada, high rates of anxiety, depression and suicides have resulted in mental health crises in First Nation (FN) communities. To date, Indigenous worldviews and approaches have not been fully heeded in mainstream strategies to address the complexity of living in colonial oppression, despite ongoing crises for decades. We describe perspectives of eight FN communities explaining cultural facilitators of mental wellbeing. The objective is to promote understanding of wellbeing in the context of sociocultural realities of FN communities and elaborate community-based practices. Qualitative methods involved FN partners in study design, implementation and data interpretation processes. Local research assistants collected data in all participating communities. Respondents were purposefully selected, Elders were recommended based on their knowledge of FN cultures and traditional wellness practices and awareness of health and social issues in respective communities. Results challenge specific histories of dispossession and assaults on community, language, identity, Elders, family; traditional healing practices emerged as important in enhancing mental wellbeing among FN. Culturally informed approaches aim to restore balance and harmony as pre-requisite to health. A framework based on the voices of FN in Manitoba is proposed for achieving mental wellbeing by and for FN people as an integral part of primary healthcare.
{"title":"Looking back, moving forward: a culture-based framework to promote mental wellbeing in Manitoba First Nations communities","authors":"Grace Kyoon-Achan, Wanda Philips-Beck, J. Lavoie, R. Eni, Stephanie Sinclair, Kathi Avey Kinew, Naser Ibrahim, A. Katz","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1556714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1556714","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Canada, high rates of anxiety, depression and suicides have resulted in mental health crises in First Nation (FN) communities. To date, Indigenous worldviews and approaches have not been fully heeded in mainstream strategies to address the complexity of living in colonial oppression, despite ongoing crises for decades. We describe perspectives of eight FN communities explaining cultural facilitators of mental wellbeing. The objective is to promote understanding of wellbeing in the context of sociocultural realities of FN communities and elaborate community-based practices. Qualitative methods involved FN partners in study design, implementation and data interpretation processes. Local research assistants collected data in all participating communities. Respondents were purposefully selected, Elders were recommended based on their knowledge of FN cultures and traditional wellness practices and awareness of health and social issues in respective communities. Results challenge specific histories of dispossession and assaults on community, language, identity, Elders, family; traditional healing practices emerged as important in enhancing mental wellbeing among FN. Culturally informed approaches aim to restore balance and harmony as pre-requisite to health. A framework based on the voices of FN in Manitoba is proposed for achieving mental wellbeing by and for FN people as an integral part of primary healthcare.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"679 - 692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86463431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1556717
A. Balidemaj, M. Small
ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between acculturation, ethnic identity, and psychological well-being of the Albanian-American immigrant community in United States. A total of 139 Albanian-American immigrants aged 21–35 years old participated in the study. In order to utilize the data, participants filled out four different surveys, including a demographic questionnaire, the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), the Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA), and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being scale. A correlational design relying on cross-sectional survey data and multiple regression analysis was used to study the correlations between acculturation, ethnic identity, and psychological well-being. The results showed that ethnic identity, acculturation, and psychological well-being were positively correlated to each other. In addition, the results showed that both ethnic identity and acculturation affected the psychological well-being of Albanian-American immigrants in the United States. This relationship was further moderated by gender and length of residency in the United States and mediated through graduate school education. The results of this study will help clinicians, social workers, and policy makers that work with immigrants to better understand the psychological consequences of immigration due to acculturation and ethnic identity factors.
{"title":"Acculturation, ethnic identity, and psychological well-being of Albanian-American immigrants in the United States","authors":"A. Balidemaj, M. Small","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1556717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1556717","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined the relationship between acculturation, ethnic identity, and psychological well-being of the Albanian-American immigrant community in United States. A total of 139 Albanian-American immigrants aged 21–35 years old participated in the study. In order to utilize the data, participants filled out four different surveys, including a demographic questionnaire, the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), the Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA), and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being scale. A correlational design relying on cross-sectional survey data and multiple regression analysis was used to study the correlations between acculturation, ethnic identity, and psychological well-being. The results showed that ethnic identity, acculturation, and psychological well-being were positively correlated to each other. In addition, the results showed that both ethnic identity and acculturation affected the psychological well-being of Albanian-American immigrants in the United States. This relationship was further moderated by gender and length of residency in the United States and mediated through graduate school education. The results of this study will help clinicians, social workers, and policy makers that work with immigrants to better understand the psychological consequences of immigration due to acculturation and ethnic identity factors.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"50 1","pages":"712 - 730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76640254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1556716
F. Z. El Abiddine, G. Loas
ABSTRACT This study had the aim to explore the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children (AQC) that measures the three dimensions of alexithymia (DIF, difficulty identifying feelings; DDF, difficulty describing feelings; EOT, externally oriented thinking). 817 healthy children or adolescents (407 girls, 410 boys) with a mean age of 12.10 years (SD = 1.91, range from 9 to 16 years) were included in the study. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were done exploring seven-factor models and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated to rate reliability. The results showed that the one-factor model without EOT item and the two-factor model (DIF, DDF) provided acceptable fits and had significant advantages over the three-factor model (DIF, DDF, EOT). Based on the χ2 differences, the two-factor model has been preferred. Low alpha coefficients for the EOT and DDF subscale were reported (.55 and .66, respectively). Satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the AQC or AQC without the EOT items were also found, the values were .83 and .79, respectively. Alexithymia can be reliably assessed in adolescents using the AQC without the 8 items rating the EOT dimension.
{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children (AQC) in children and adolescents","authors":"F. Z. El Abiddine, G. Loas","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1556716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1556716","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study had the aim to explore the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children (AQC) that measures the three dimensions of alexithymia (DIF, difficulty identifying feelings; DDF, difficulty describing feelings; EOT, externally oriented thinking). 817 healthy children or adolescents (407 girls, 410 boys) with a mean age of 12.10 years (SD = 1.91, range from 9 to 16 years) were included in the study. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were done exploring seven-factor models and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated to rate reliability. The results showed that the one-factor model without EOT item and the two-factor model (DIF, DDF) provided acceptable fits and had significant advantages over the three-factor model (DIF, DDF, EOT). Based on the χ2 differences, the two-factor model has been preferred. Low alpha coefficients for the EOT and DDF subscale were reported (.55 and .66, respectively). Satisfactory Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the AQC or AQC without the EOT items were also found, the values were .83 and .79, respectively. Alexithymia can be reliably assessed in adolescents using the AQC without the 8 items rating the EOT dimension.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"136 1","pages":"705 - 711"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77379581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1409778
S. Stylianidis, L. Peppou, N. Drakonakis, G. Iatropoulou, S. Nikolaidi, Kyriaki Tsikou, K. Souliotis
ABSTRACT Involuntary hospitalization of people with mental illness raises important ethical and legal concerns worldwide; however, only a handful of studies have investigated the patients’ perspective in depth. The present study aims at exploring patients’ views about the rightfulness of compulsory admission, their experience of hospitalization and potential interventions for reducing its effect in Athens. Fourteen patients who were involuntarily admitted to a psychiatric hospital in the Attica region and had been discharged one month prior to the group discussion, participated in the study. A focus group design drawing on Interpretative Thematic Analysis was employed. The themes that emerged include conflicting attitudes towards the rightfulness of admission, the absence of patient participation in any form of decision-making, substantial infringement of human rights and patients’ dearth of knowledge about them. Therefore, raising awareness initiatives, adequate training of all involved parties, the integration of psychotherapy in the treatment plan, the creation of a therapeutic milieu and less coercive alternatives to acute psychiatric care were the course of action suggested by patients. In line with this, concerted efforts on the part of patients, their families, clinicians and policy makers should be channelled towards securing strict enforcement of pertinent legislation and advancing patient-centred care.
{"title":"Patients’ views and experiences of involuntary hospitalization in Greece: a focus group study","authors":"S. Stylianidis, L. Peppou, N. Drakonakis, G. Iatropoulou, S. Nikolaidi, Kyriaki Tsikou, K. Souliotis","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1409778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1409778","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Involuntary hospitalization of people with mental illness raises important ethical and legal concerns worldwide; however, only a handful of studies have investigated the patients’ perspective in depth. The present study aims at exploring patients’ views about the rightfulness of compulsory admission, their experience of hospitalization and potential interventions for reducing its effect in Athens. Fourteen patients who were involuntarily admitted to a psychiatric hospital in the Attica region and had been discharged one month prior to the group discussion, participated in the study. A focus group design drawing on Interpretative Thematic Analysis was employed. The themes that emerged include conflicting attitudes towards the rightfulness of admission, the absence of patient participation in any form of decision-making, substantial infringement of human rights and patients’ dearth of knowledge about them. Therefore, raising awareness initiatives, adequate training of all involved parties, the integration of psychotherapy in the treatment plan, the creation of a therapeutic milieu and less coercive alternatives to acute psychiatric care were the course of action suggested by patients. In line with this, concerted efforts on the part of patients, their families, clinicians and policy makers should be channelled towards securing strict enforcement of pertinent legislation and advancing patient-centred care.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"41 1","pages":"425 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88974503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1391856
A. Gojer, R. Gopalakrishnan, A. Kuruvilla
ABSTRACT In many parts of the world family members are the primary caretakers of persons with mental illness. The chronic stress associated with being a caregiver for an individual with schizophrenia can result in a variety of emotional responses, influenced by religion, spirituality and different styles of coping. The aim of this study was to assess patterns of coping, and spiritual and religious beliefs among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Consecutive patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers attending an outpatient clinic were recruited. Patients were rated on the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale. The Royal Free Interview for Religious and Spiritual Beliefs, Modified Jalowiec Coping Scale and General Health Questionnaire-12 were administered to caregivers. Socio-demographic details of carers and clinical details of patients were recorded. Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia were found to cope in a variety of ways; the most useful and frequently used was the optimistic style of coping. While religious beliefs had an influence, factors significantly associated with coping included caregiver education and employment and patient psychopathology. Providing support to carers of patients with schizophrenia and enhancing their coping is an essential part of quality clinical care. Spirituality and religion can serve as a positive coping strategy.
{"title":"Coping and spirituality among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: a descriptive study from South India","authors":"A. Gojer, R. Gopalakrishnan, A. Kuruvilla","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1391856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1391856","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In many parts of the world family members are the primary caretakers of persons with mental illness. The chronic stress associated with being a caregiver for an individual with schizophrenia can result in a variety of emotional responses, influenced by religion, spirituality and different styles of coping. The aim of this study was to assess patterns of coping, and spiritual and religious beliefs among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Consecutive patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers attending an outpatient clinic were recruited. Patients were rated on the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale. The Royal Free Interview for Religious and Spiritual Beliefs, Modified Jalowiec Coping Scale and General Health Questionnaire-12 were administered to caregivers. Socio-demographic details of carers and clinical details of patients were recorded. Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia were found to cope in a variety of ways; the most useful and frequently used was the optimistic style of coping. While religious beliefs had an influence, factors significantly associated with coping included caregiver education and employment and patient psychopathology. Providing support to carers of patients with schizophrenia and enhancing their coping is an essential part of quality clinical care. Spirituality and religion can serve as a positive coping strategy.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"36 1","pages":"362 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86763982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1563623
M. Majidi, Naghmeh Khadembashi, K. Etemad, M. Jafari, S. Khodakarim
ABSTRACT Depression is a common mental disorder. The purpose of this study was to survey the direct and indirect effects of associated factors with major depression (MD) among the population aged 18 years and older of the NHANES 2013–2014. The study was based on a sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, including 5393 people. To detect MD, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used. Path analysis with Mplus software was used to perform analyses. The prevalence of MD was 6.9% in men and 12.4% in women. The final model was fitted well with sample data (p = 0.00; RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 0.89; TLI = 0.77; WRMR = 1.93 in men and p = 0.00; RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.86; WRMR = 2.03 in women). Income, body mass index, chronic diseases and sleep disorder in both men and women and HDL cholesterol and drug use only in women have a direct effect on MD. Income, body mass index, smoking, and chronic diseases have an indirect effect on MD. Sleep disorder has the greatest total effect on MD. It is necessary to pay attention to these effective factors in control of major depression.
{"title":"Associated factors with major depression: a path analysis on NHANES 2013–2014 study","authors":"M. Majidi, Naghmeh Khadembashi, K. Etemad, M. Jafari, S. Khodakarim","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1563623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1563623","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Depression is a common mental disorder. The purpose of this study was to survey the direct and indirect effects of associated factors with major depression (MD) among the population aged 18 years and older of the NHANES 2013–2014. The study was based on a sample of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, including 5393 people. To detect MD, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used. Path analysis with Mplus software was used to perform analyses. The prevalence of MD was 6.9% in men and 12.4% in women. The final model was fitted well with sample data (p = 0.00; RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 0.89; TLI = 0.77; WRMR = 1.93 in men and p = 0.00; RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.86; WRMR = 2.03 in women). Income, body mass index, chronic diseases and sleep disorder in both men and women and HDL cholesterol and drug use only in women have a direct effect on MD. Income, body mass index, smoking, and chronic diseases have an indirect effect on MD. Sleep disorder has the greatest total effect on MD. It is necessary to pay attention to these effective factors in control of major depression.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"31 1","pages":"763 - 773"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82642421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-02DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2018.1505924
V. Sommovigo, I. Setti, Deirdre O’Shea, P. Argentero
ABSTRACT Although some similarities are evident in manifestations, etiology and coping, research suggests that cultural variations may explain different reactions to workplace violence. This study explores similarities and differences between Italian and Irish workers’ well-being in relation to robberies and theft exposure. A sample of Italian (N = 319) and Irish (N = 251) employees working in small businesses completed a self-report questionnaire examining post-traumatic symptoms and trauma-related coping self-efficacy. Results indicated that Italian victims reported higher post-traumatic symptoms than their Irish counterparts. When compared to those who experienced thefts only, Italian victims who had experienced both thefts and robberies experienced more post-traumatic symptoms and lower coping self-efficacy, whereas Irish employees differed significantly only in hyper-arousal symptomatology. Regression analyses revealed that coping self-efficacy had a protective role against the risk of developing post-traumatic symptomatology. In both countries, interventions fostering employees’ coping self-efficacy perceptions might stimulate psychological recovery, especially among victims of both thefts and robberies.
{"title":"Victimization on the job: the influence of thefts and robberies on Irish and Italian employees and its relationship with psychological well-being","authors":"V. Sommovigo, I. Setti, Deirdre O’Shea, P. Argentero","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2018.1505924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2018.1505924","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Although some similarities are evident in manifestations, etiology and coping, research suggests that cultural variations may explain different reactions to workplace violence. This study explores similarities and differences between Italian and Irish workers’ well-being in relation to robberies and theft exposure. A sample of Italian (N = 319) and Irish (N = 251) employees working in small businesses completed a self-report questionnaire examining post-traumatic symptoms and trauma-related coping self-efficacy. Results indicated that Italian victims reported higher post-traumatic symptoms than their Irish counterparts. When compared to those who experienced thefts only, Italian victims who had experienced both thefts and robberies experienced more post-traumatic symptoms and lower coping self-efficacy, whereas Irish employees differed significantly only in hyper-arousal symptomatology. Regression analyses revealed that coping self-efficacy had a protective role against the risk of developing post-traumatic symptomatology. In both countries, interventions fostering employees’ coping self-efficacy perceptions might stimulate psychological recovery, especially among victims of both thefts and robberies.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"2006 1","pages":"653 - 666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86939709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2017.1381750
S. Grover, Swapnajeet Sahoo, S. Chakrabarti, A. Avasthi
ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the association of internalized stigma with insight (clinical and cognitive insight) among patients with schizophrenia. Methods: 136 patients with schizophrenia were assessed on the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS). Clinical insight was assessed by PANSS-G12 item. Results: 38.2% of patients experienced internalized stigma. On the basis of mean scores of various domains of ISMIS, about two-fifths (41.9%) of participants reported stereotype endorsement, followed by discrimination experience (38.2%), stigma resistance (36.8%), social withdrawal (30.1%) and alienation (30.1%). Insight as assessed by PANSS-G12 item did not correlate significantly with stigma. Higher cognitive insight in the form of composite score (R-C index) and higher cognitive self-reflectiveness was associated with a higher level of stigma in all the domains except for stigma resistance. Higher stigma was associated with negative symptoms. Conclusion: The present study suggests that internalized stigma is highly prevalent among patients with schizophrenia. Clinical insight doesn’t have any association with stigma, but cognitive insight in the form of self-reflectiveness is associated with higher stigma.
{"title":"Association of internalized stigma and insight in patients with schizophrenia","authors":"S. Grover, Swapnajeet Sahoo, S. Chakrabarti, A. Avasthi","doi":"10.1080/17542863.2017.1381750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1381750","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the association of internalized stigma with insight (clinical and cognitive insight) among patients with schizophrenia. Methods: 136 patients with schizophrenia were assessed on the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS). Clinical insight was assessed by PANSS-G12 item. Results: 38.2% of patients experienced internalized stigma. On the basis of mean scores of various domains of ISMIS, about two-fifths (41.9%) of participants reported stereotype endorsement, followed by discrimination experience (38.2%), stigma resistance (36.8%), social withdrawal (30.1%) and alienation (30.1%). Insight as assessed by PANSS-G12 item did not correlate significantly with stigma. Higher cognitive insight in the form of composite score (R-C index) and higher cognitive self-reflectiveness was associated with a higher level of stigma in all the domains except for stigma resistance. Higher stigma was associated with negative symptoms. Conclusion: The present study suggests that internalized stigma is highly prevalent among patients with schizophrenia. Clinical insight doesn’t have any association with stigma, but cognitive insight in the form of self-reflectiveness is associated with higher stigma.","PeriodicalId":38926,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Culture and Mental Health","volume":"44 1","pages":"338 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80690023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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