Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668162
G. Coskuner, Majeed S. Jassim, Mohamad Zaid, Umer Malik
Particulate matter (PM) pollution has major impacts on human health and environmental resources. The sources for coarse PM (PM10) and fine PM (PM2.5) are either natural or anthropogenic. This study investigates the PM2.5/PM10 ratios over Eastern part of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain from 2008 to 2019. This work utilized satellite derived PM10 and PM2.5 air quality data. The monthly mean datasets for PM10 and PM2.5 were obtained using NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) model at selected seven zones. A transboundary region for data acquisition included four zones from Bahrain and three zones from Eastern Saudi Arabia (KSA). Results showed that the highest PM2.5/PM10 ratio was observed at Zone B1 in Bahrain with a value of 0.353. The findings highlighted the possible contribution of PM2.5 emissions from the densely located industries at Northern East part of Bahrain.
{"title":"Characterization of PM2.5/PM10 ratios over Eastern Part of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain from 2008 to 2019","authors":"G. Coskuner, Majeed S. Jassim, Mohamad Zaid, Umer Malik","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668162","url":null,"abstract":"Particulate matter (PM) pollution has major impacts on human health and environmental resources. The sources for coarse PM (PM<inf>10</inf>) and fine PM (PM<inf>2.5</inf>) are either natural or anthropogenic. This study investigates the PM<inf>2.5</inf>/PM<inf>10</inf> ratios over Eastern part of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain from 2008 to 2019. This work utilized satellite derived PM<inf>10</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf> air quality data. The monthly mean datasets for PM<inf>10</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf> were obtained using NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) model at selected seven zones. A transboundary region for data acquisition included four zones from Bahrain and three zones from Eastern Saudi Arabia (KSA). Results showed that the highest PM<inf>2.5</inf>/PM<inf>10</inf> ratio was observed at Zone B1 in Bahrain with a value of 0.353. The findings highlighted the possible contribution of PM<inf>2.5</inf> emissions from the densely located industries at Northern East part of Bahrain.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131633967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668111
G. Coskuner, Majeed S. Jassim, Sadeq Jaffer, Sajid Ali
The transition to circular economy requires implementation of sustainable waste management strategies that provide opportunities and challenges to developing countries. This study aims to analyze the potential Greenhouse Gases (GHG) mitigation and energy recovery potential of two prospective Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management scenarios in the Kingdom of Bahrain: 1) A material recovery facility (MRF) with composting, 2) Waste-to-energy (WtE) incineration. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and iWARM of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) models were tools utilized to estimate GHG emissions, mitigation, and energy recovery. MSW composition data available in 2017 was utilized to investigate optimum scenarios. Our results showed that MRF with composting scenario mitigated GHG emissions at the rate of 721,735 tCO2-eq/yr due to lowering of virgin products manufacturing from recycling process, whereas the incineration scenario generated 865,386 tCO2-eq/yr of GHG emissions. Moreover, MRF with composting scenario exhibited higher energy recovery potential with 3.85x109kWh/yr. The adoption of integrated approach of MRF with composting as a waste management option is the most sustainable strategy for the MSW management in Bahrain.
{"title":"Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Energy Recovery Potential for Optimum Waste Management Scenarios in Bahrain","authors":"G. Coskuner, Majeed S. Jassim, Sadeq Jaffer, Sajid Ali","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668111","url":null,"abstract":"The transition to circular economy requires implementation of sustainable waste management strategies that provide opportunities and challenges to developing countries. This study aims to analyze the potential Greenhouse Gases (GHG) mitigation and energy recovery potential of two prospective Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management scenarios in the Kingdom of Bahrain: 1) A material recovery facility (MRF) with composting, 2) Waste-to-energy (WtE) incineration. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and iWARM of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) models were tools utilized to estimate GHG emissions, mitigation, and energy recovery. MSW composition data available in 2017 was utilized to investigate optimum scenarios. Our results showed that MRF with composting scenario mitigated GHG emissions at the rate of 721,735 tCO2-eq/yr due to lowering of virgin products manufacturing from recycling process, whereas the incineration scenario generated 865,386 tCO2-eq/yr of GHG emissions. Moreover, MRF with composting scenario exhibited higher energy recovery potential with 3.85x109kWh/yr. The adoption of integrated approach of MRF with composting as a waste management option is the most sustainable strategy for the MSW management in Bahrain.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"496 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133152378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668155
Teah Yi Fan, Muhammad Ehsan Rana
Big data emerges as an important technology that addresses the storage, processing and analytics aspects of massive data characterized by 5V's (volume, velocity, variety, veracity, value) which has grown exponentially beyond the handling capacity traditional data architectures. The most significant technologies include the parallel storage and processing framework which requires entirely new IT infrastructures to facilitate big data adoption. Cloud computing emerges as a successful paradigm in computing technology that shifted the business landscape of IT infrastructures towards service-oriented basis. Cloud service providers build IT infrastructures and technologies and offer them as services which can be accessed through internet to the consumers. This paper discusses on the facilitating role of cloud computing in the field of big data analytics. Cloud deployment models concerning the architectural aspect and the current trend of adoption are introduced. The fundamental cloud services models concerning the infrastructural and technological provisioning are introduced while the emerging cloud services models related to big data are discussed with examples of technology platforms offered by the big cloud service providers - Amazon, Google, Microsoft and Cloudera. The main advantages of cloud adoption in terms of availability and scalability for big data are reiterated. Lastly, the challenges concerning cloud security, data privacy and data governance of consuming and adopting big data in the cloud are highlighted.
{"title":"Facilitating Role of Cloud Computing in Driving Big Data Emergence","authors":"Teah Yi Fan, Muhammad Ehsan Rana","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668155","url":null,"abstract":"Big data emerges as an important technology that addresses the storage, processing and analytics aspects of massive data characterized by 5V's (volume, velocity, variety, veracity, value) which has grown exponentially beyond the handling capacity traditional data architectures. The most significant technologies include the parallel storage and processing framework which requires entirely new IT infrastructures to facilitate big data adoption. Cloud computing emerges as a successful paradigm in computing technology that shifted the business landscape of IT infrastructures towards service-oriented basis. Cloud service providers build IT infrastructures and technologies and offer them as services which can be accessed through internet to the consumers. This paper discusses on the facilitating role of cloud computing in the field of big data analytics. Cloud deployment models concerning the architectural aspect and the current trend of adoption are introduced. The fundamental cloud services models concerning the infrastructural and technological provisioning are introduced while the emerging cloud services models related to big data are discussed with examples of technology platforms offered by the big cloud service providers - Amazon, Google, Microsoft and Cloudera. The main advantages of cloud adoption in terms of availability and scalability for big data are reiterated. Lastly, the challenges concerning cloud security, data privacy and data governance of consuming and adopting big data in the cloud are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132828014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668103
M. Junaid, U. Gazder
The current study emphasizes on the evaluation of the effect of aggregate skeleton and temperature variation on the tensile strength and permanent deformation of asphalt concrete. The aggregate skeleton was designed within the Pakistan's National Highway Authority Class-B (NHA-B) gradation limits by utilizing the gradation concepts of Conventional method and Bailey method. Modified Marshall method was practiced for determining Optimum Binder Content (OBC). Superpave Gyratory Compactor was utilized for preparation of specimens for performance testing. Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) test and Hamburg Wheel Tracker (HWT) test were conducted on both types of asphalt mixtures at 25°C and 40 °C. Results declared that both aggregate skeleton and temperature affect the tensile strength and permanent deformation of asphalt concrete. Bailey gradation bituminous mixtures disclosed more defiant behavior to tensile and permanent deformation compared to Conventional gradation bituminous mixtures. Moreover, for both gradation bituminous mixtures, better performance of asphalt concrete in terms of tensile strength and permanent deformation was observed at low temperature compared to high temperature.
{"title":"Investigating the Tensile Strength and Permanent Deformation of Asphalt Concrete using Different Gradation Methods","authors":"M. Junaid, U. Gazder","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668103","url":null,"abstract":"The current study emphasizes on the evaluation of the effect of aggregate skeleton and temperature variation on the tensile strength and permanent deformation of asphalt concrete. The aggregate skeleton was designed within the Pakistan's National Highway Authority Class-B (NHA-B) gradation limits by utilizing the gradation concepts of Conventional method and Bailey method. Modified Marshall method was practiced for determining Optimum Binder Content (OBC). Superpave Gyratory Compactor was utilized for preparation of specimens for performance testing. Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) test and Hamburg Wheel Tracker (HWT) test were conducted on both types of asphalt mixtures at 25°C and 40 °C. Results declared that both aggregate skeleton and temperature affect the tensile strength and permanent deformation of asphalt concrete. Bailey gradation bituminous mixtures disclosed more defiant behavior to tensile and permanent deformation compared to Conventional gradation bituminous mixtures. Moreover, for both gradation bituminous mixtures, better performance of asphalt concrete in terms of tensile strength and permanent deformation was observed at low temperature compared to high temperature.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130397676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668089
Nahed Salman, M. S. Mustafa, Ahamed Al-Shaalan, M. Al-Mannai
Technology's influence on the environment is evident. It is linked to electricity. Visually, environmental issues are filling the World with abandoned equipment situations and rapid obsolescence of electronics goods. Most of the World is buying what they already have. Consumption control systems say it all. However, the recycling idea built on savings concepts can help save the day. Naturally, the technology is in favor of batteries, while diesel is still dominating. Shifting the power to the sun will not be easy. Resorting to the sun as the main source of energy needs diligent work. The road is fraught with difficulties, but there are signs of a transition to solar energy. This is apparent with the adoption of cars and most devices! The “solar air conditioner” remains a key puzzle in the energy transformation of the earth's recovery. Until the atmosphere returns to the maximum reasonable extent of oxygen, a person will be able to change the status quo by perfecting the charging of batteries through sunlight. Several modern and traditional methods explain this process accurately. The application and innovation remain to extend the traditional means, such as the use of lenses to diffuse light and make fire of palm leaves. We do not call for burning the woods, but rather we demand to prevent cutting to live on it, but we demand to preserve it and live under its shade. We hope to bequeath to the light to our children, so we sow in their life. This can be done by imposing green energy on education. Environmental awareness is very crucial in the process. Schools and universities hold the grounds for the kick-off. This research links technology, environment, and education. A literature review provided centered on environmental change to raise the awareness of youngsters. The finding of this research concludes that there is a lack of environmental change topics in education systems in the Arab World. Seventy universities from the Middle East websites were visited. Bachelor of Science Programs in the environment were looked at. Climate Change is not categorized as a priority in universities' curricula across the Arab World. This can be achieved through opening a wide range of programs in the environmental Sciences. Simply, environmental awareness requires more attention in the region.
{"title":"Technological Environmental Education in the Arab World: Case of Kingdom of Bahrain","authors":"Nahed Salman, M. S. Mustafa, Ahamed Al-Shaalan, M. Al-Mannai","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668089","url":null,"abstract":"Technology's influence on the environment is evident. It is linked to electricity. Visually, environmental issues are filling the World with abandoned equipment situations and rapid obsolescence of electronics goods. Most of the World is buying what they already have. Consumption control systems say it all. However, the recycling idea built on savings concepts can help save the day. Naturally, the technology is in favor of batteries, while diesel is still dominating. Shifting the power to the sun will not be easy. Resorting to the sun as the main source of energy needs diligent work. The road is fraught with difficulties, but there are signs of a transition to solar energy. This is apparent with the adoption of cars and most devices! The “solar air conditioner” remains a key puzzle in the energy transformation of the earth's recovery. Until the atmosphere returns to the maximum reasonable extent of oxygen, a person will be able to change the status quo by perfecting the charging of batteries through sunlight. Several modern and traditional methods explain this process accurately. The application and innovation remain to extend the traditional means, such as the use of lenses to diffuse light and make fire of palm leaves. We do not call for burning the woods, but rather we demand to prevent cutting to live on it, but we demand to preserve it and live under its shade. We hope to bequeath to the light to our children, so we sow in their life. This can be done by imposing green energy on education. Environmental awareness is very crucial in the process. Schools and universities hold the grounds for the kick-off. This research links technology, environment, and education. A literature review provided centered on environmental change to raise the awareness of youngsters. The finding of this research concludes that there is a lack of environmental change topics in education systems in the Arab World. Seventy universities from the Middle East websites were visited. Bachelor of Science Programs in the environment were looked at. Climate Change is not categorized as a priority in universities' curricula across the Arab World. This can be achieved through opening a wide range of programs in the environmental Sciences. Simply, environmental awareness requires more attention in the region.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133878686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668126
Ghaithan Ghaithan Sadeq, Aliyah Nur Zafirah Sanusi, Fadzidah Abdullah
This research was carried out as preliminary studies before installing photovoltaic solar panels on the roof of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Mosque. Poor application strategies for saving energy in mosques constitute high energy consumption and cost. Due to their functional and operational characteristics, Mosques consume relatively more power than other types of buildings. The first objective is to determine energy consumption in IIUM Mosque. The second objective is to assess the Solar Photovoltaic power potential in the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Campus. The research methodology was carried out through literature review and fieldwork measurement of the available solar power on the International Islamic University campus. The total amount of solar energy collected has shown the potential of installing Photovoltaic Solar Panels in IIUM, aligned with the Sustainable Campus initiative.
{"title":"Solar Power Assessment for Photovoltaic Installation in Malaysia University Campus","authors":"Ghaithan Ghaithan Sadeq, Aliyah Nur Zafirah Sanusi, Fadzidah Abdullah","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668126","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out as preliminary studies before installing photovoltaic solar panels on the roof of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Mosque. Poor application strategies for saving energy in mosques constitute high energy consumption and cost. Due to their functional and operational characteristics, Mosques consume relatively more power than other types of buildings. The first objective is to determine energy consumption in IIUM Mosque. The second objective is to assess the Solar Photovoltaic power potential in the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Campus. The research methodology was carried out through literature review and fieldwork measurement of the available solar power on the International Islamic University campus. The total amount of solar energy collected has shown the potential of installing Photovoltaic Solar Panels in IIUM, aligned with the Sustainable Campus initiative.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129918160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668183
M. Selim
The objective of this study is to examine and identify the factors that may contribute to increase the comfort of healthy urban living. Currently, most of the mega cities are facing tremendous problems, such as traffic congestion, air pollution, narrow streets, Shanti-towns and slums, and open sewer. Many homeless people are trying to save themselves in temporary tents and shacks without proper amenities of life. This study attempts to address these issues and focuses on finding feasible and acceptable solutions for increasing the comfort of healthy urban living for all urban dwellers. The major findings of this study suggest that planned urban development is the key to increase in the comfort of healthy urban living. This study is conceptual in nature. However, the theoretical model suggests that building straight and wide roads and highways, constructing healthy urban residences, establishing efficient, fast and comfortable urban transportation, building wide open urban parks, high quality academic and training institutions, state of the art health care delivery system including high quality hospitals, building physical exercise and sports facilities in urban areas, establishing renewable energy sources for securing continuous and permanent energy supply and protecting heritage, culture and historical monuments and art-effects may contribute greatly to enrich and increase the comfort of healthy urban living. This study is one of the latest attempts to emphasis the need for planned urban development which is expected to increase the comfort of healthy urban living. This study will be immensely useful to urban planners, governments, municipalities, policy makers, research scholars, NGOs, and academicians across the globe.
{"title":"The effects of planned urban development on the comfort of healthy urban living","authors":"M. Selim","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668183","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to examine and identify the factors that may contribute to increase the comfort of healthy urban living. Currently, most of the mega cities are facing tremendous problems, such as traffic congestion, air pollution, narrow streets, Shanti-towns and slums, and open sewer. Many homeless people are trying to save themselves in temporary tents and shacks without proper amenities of life. This study attempts to address these issues and focuses on finding feasible and acceptable solutions for increasing the comfort of healthy urban living for all urban dwellers. The major findings of this study suggest that planned urban development is the key to increase in the comfort of healthy urban living. This study is conceptual in nature. However, the theoretical model suggests that building straight and wide roads and highways, constructing healthy urban residences, establishing efficient, fast and comfortable urban transportation, building wide open urban parks, high quality academic and training institutions, state of the art health care delivery system including high quality hospitals, building physical exercise and sports facilities in urban areas, establishing renewable energy sources for securing continuous and permanent energy supply and protecting heritage, culture and historical monuments and art-effects may contribute greatly to enrich and increase the comfort of healthy urban living. This study is one of the latest attempts to emphasis the need for planned urban development which is expected to increase the comfort of healthy urban living. This study will be immensely useful to urban planners, governments, municipalities, policy makers, research scholars, NGOs, and academicians across the globe.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115139419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668027
M. Hameed, Faidhalrahman Khaleel, Deiaaldeen Khaleel
The jet grouting process involves injecting large quantities of highly pressurized fluids into the soil, which may result in a substantial ground displacement and adverse effects on the environment around the excavation. Consequently, the ground displacement must be estimated accurately in the design phase. In this study, two machine learning models namely, extreme learning machine (ELM) and modified K-nearest neighbor (KNN) are used to estimate the ground displacements. The comparison results show that the ELM is superior to the KNN model in terms of estimation accuracy (coefficient of determination is 0.940). Moreover, the ELM model shows an enhancement by 11.43% higher accuracy in terms of reducing the mean absolute error compared to the KNN model. Overall, the results indicate that ELM has the ability to accurately assess the harmful damages caused by installing grouted columns.
{"title":"Employing a robust data-driven model to assess the environmental damages caused by installing grouted columns","authors":"M. Hameed, Faidhalrahman Khaleel, Deiaaldeen Khaleel","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668027","url":null,"abstract":"The jet grouting process involves injecting large quantities of highly pressurized fluids into the soil, which may result in a substantial ground displacement and adverse effects on the environment around the excavation. Consequently, the ground displacement must be estimated accurately in the design phase. In this study, two machine learning models namely, extreme learning machine (ELM) and modified K-nearest neighbor (KNN) are used to estimate the ground displacements. The comparison results show that the ELM is superior to the KNN model in terms of estimation accuracy (coefficient of determination is 0.940). Moreover, the ELM model shows an enhancement by 11.43% higher accuracy in terms of reducing the mean absolute error compared to the KNN model. Overall, the results indicate that ELM has the ability to accurately assess the harmful damages caused by installing grouted columns.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130618759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668116
A. Saleh, Suad Altaei, F. Alkhaldi
This paper discusses the Climate Change impact on the Kingdom of Bahrain; and highlights the role of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) on a local and global level to alleviate climate change through risk mitigation measures including the decrease of greenhouse gas emissions, and adaptation. Also, explores the challenges of sea-level rise as faced by SIDS. The research is theoretical based in nature, it uses secondary data sources from internationally accredited institutions such as the World Bank, the UN, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The findings portray the overlap and interconnectedness of impacts of climate change for SIDS, where the warming of the seas leads to inundation of wetlands and low elevation coastal zones, salinization of freshwater resources and both combined lead to negative socioeconomic consequences. Thus, minimize the consequences of climate change and Sea Level Rise collective mitigation and adaptation responses need to be informed by vulnerability assessments, climate risk management and cost benefit analyses when being adopted to local policies. Financing of adaptation and mitigation measures for SIDS are discussed, where the importance of international aid and financing through funds. The research highlights the need to further investigate the comparisons and linkages between general environmental concerns and socioeconomic factors and solutions of SIDS with focus on Kingdom of Bahrain.
{"title":"Climate Change Implications on Small Island Developing States (SIDS): a Socioeconomic Perspective from the Kingdom of Bahrain","authors":"A. Saleh, Suad Altaei, F. Alkhaldi","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668116","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the Climate Change impact on the Kingdom of Bahrain; and highlights the role of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) on a local and global level to alleviate climate change through risk mitigation measures including the decrease of greenhouse gas emissions, and adaptation. Also, explores the challenges of sea-level rise as faced by SIDS. The research is theoretical based in nature, it uses secondary data sources from internationally accredited institutions such as the World Bank, the UN, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The findings portray the overlap and interconnectedness of impacts of climate change for SIDS, where the warming of the seas leads to inundation of wetlands and low elevation coastal zones, salinization of freshwater resources and both combined lead to negative socioeconomic consequences. Thus, minimize the consequences of climate change and Sea Level Rise collective mitigation and adaptation responses need to be informed by vulnerability assessments, climate risk management and cost benefit analyses when being adopted to local policies. Financing of adaptation and mitigation measures for SIDS are discussed, where the importance of international aid and financing through funds. The research highlights the need to further investigate the comparisons and linkages between general environmental concerns and socioeconomic factors and solutions of SIDS with focus on Kingdom of Bahrain.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122839530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668042
Ala’ Fathi, Aliya Zhakanova Isiksal
The study investigates the effect of the five selected variables on fossil fuel energy demand in the ASEAN+3 group during 1998–2018. The P.M.G.-ARDL approach was applied. The results revealed that financial development, growth, and environmental pollution significantly increase energy consumption. While technological innovation reduce it. While the result of economic freedom has been neglected. Moreover, there is a one-way causality extending from financial development, economic freedom, environmental pollution, and technological innovation to energy consumption except for the expansion of the economy which has a bidirectional causal relationship. This study recommends promoting the encouragement of green investment and environmentally friendly policies to control the sustainability of the economy and the environment.
{"title":"Do technological innovation, financial development, and economic freedom limit energy demand The analysis of ASEAN+3","authors":"Ala’ Fathi, Aliya Zhakanova Isiksal","doi":"10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668042","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates the effect of the five selected variables on fossil fuel energy demand in the ASEAN+3 group during 1998–2018. The P.M.G.-ARDL approach was applied. The results revealed that financial development, growth, and environmental pollution significantly increase energy consumption. While technological innovation reduce it. While the result of economic freedom has been neglected. Moreover, there is a one-way causality extending from financial development, economic freedom, environmental pollution, and technological innovation to energy consumption except for the expansion of the economy which has a bidirectional causal relationship. This study recommends promoting the encouragement of green investment and environmentally friendly policies to control the sustainability of the economy and the environment.","PeriodicalId":389608,"journal":{"name":"2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126184929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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