Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2168911
D. Fang, Hui Hua, Yu-Gang Ma, Si-Min Wang
De-Qing Fang1,2 , Hui Hua3 , Yu-Gang Ma1,2 and Si-Min Wang1,2 1Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China 2Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics, NSFC and Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China 3School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
{"title":"Exploring the Edge of Nuclear Stability on the Proton-Rich Side","authors":"D. Fang, Hui Hua, Yu-Gang Ma, Si-Min Wang","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2023.2168911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2168911","url":null,"abstract":"De-Qing Fang1,2 , Hui Hua3 , Yu-Gang Ma1,2 and Si-Min Wang1,2 1Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China 2Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics, NSFC and Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China 3School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"35 1","pages":"11 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72920520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2198920
N. Herrmann
The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) presently under construction in Darmstadt, Germany, is part of a worldwide research program devoted to study quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter in the laboratory under extreme conditions. CBM will contribute to the understanding of QCD matter properties and phases at large baryon densities similar to those expected inside the core of heavy neutron stars with unprecedented precision measurements of rare probes; among others, hadrons containing several strange quarks, di-leptons, and hypernuclei [1]. To obtain statistically significant results, CBM is designed to be capable of fully reconstructing up to 107 heavy-ion reactions per second. Hence, preparing for the particle and data rate challenges the demonstrator setup mCBM was installed and is operated at the Society for Heavy Ion Research (GSI) Darmstadt, as shown in Figure 1. The mCBM experiment employs preseries detectors from all CBM subsystems, read out by (close to) final data acquisition components of CBM [2]. The particle trajectories are measured in two stations of the Silicon Tracking System based on double-sided silicon micro-strip sensors, three layers of Transition Radiation Detector (TRD1D, TRD2D) modules and a time-of-flight wall composed of 30 Multi-Gap Resistive Plate Chambers with low resistivity glass electrodes providing a time resolution of 60 ps. The test setup implements the final free-streaming data processing chain of CBM and transports all timestamped raw signal messages via optical links into the compute farm located in the Green IT Cube of GSI. Here, data reformatting, event building, reconstruction, data selection, and archiving are done in a scalable FairMQbased framework. Due to the limited space inside the experimental area, mCBM does not have a magnetic field, which limits the possibilities to define rare probes. At energies presently available to mCBM, Λ – baryon production is a rare process due to its strangeness content. Thus, the weak decay Λ → p + πwith a lifetime of 263 ps represents a suitable test case for the CBM data acquisition and reconstruction concepts. Making use of high-precision tracking and timing devices of CBM, the trajectories and velocities of the daughter particles can be determined accurately enough to identify the secondary vertex and assign momenta to the daughters, allowing the reconstruction of the invariant mass of the mother. Accordingly, preliminary results from a 2-hour-long data-taking period of the reaction Ni + Ni at beam kinetic energy of 1.9 AGeV in May 2022 are depicted in Figure 2 [3]. Within the limited geometrical acceptance of
{"title":"First Λ Baryons for CBM","authors":"N. Herrmann","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2023.2198920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2198920","url":null,"abstract":"The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) presently under construction in Darmstadt, Germany, is part of a worldwide research program devoted to study quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter in the laboratory under extreme conditions. CBM will contribute to the understanding of QCD matter properties and phases at large baryon densities similar to those expected inside the core of heavy neutron stars with unprecedented precision measurements of rare probes; among others, hadrons containing several strange quarks, di-leptons, and hypernuclei [1]. To obtain statistically significant results, CBM is designed to be capable of fully reconstructing up to 107 heavy-ion reactions per second. Hence, preparing for the particle and data rate challenges the demonstrator setup mCBM was installed and is operated at the Society for Heavy Ion Research (GSI) Darmstadt, as shown in Figure 1. The mCBM experiment employs preseries detectors from all CBM subsystems, read out by (close to) final data acquisition components of CBM [2]. The particle trajectories are measured in two stations of the Silicon Tracking System based on double-sided silicon micro-strip sensors, three layers of Transition Radiation Detector (TRD1D, TRD2D) modules and a time-of-flight wall composed of 30 Multi-Gap Resistive Plate Chambers with low resistivity glass electrodes providing a time resolution of 60 ps. The test setup implements the final free-streaming data processing chain of CBM and transports all timestamped raw signal messages via optical links into the compute farm located in the Green IT Cube of GSI. Here, data reformatting, event building, reconstruction, data selection, and archiving are done in a scalable FairMQbased framework. Due to the limited space inside the experimental area, mCBM does not have a magnetic field, which limits the possibilities to define rare probes. At energies presently available to mCBM, Λ – baryon production is a rare process due to its strangeness content. Thus, the weak decay Λ → p + πwith a lifetime of 263 ps represents a suitable test case for the CBM data acquisition and reconstruction concepts. Making use of high-precision tracking and timing devices of CBM, the trajectories and velocities of the daughter particles can be determined accurately enough to identify the secondary vertex and assign momenta to the daughters, allowing the reconstruction of the invariant mass of the mother. Accordingly, preliminary results from a 2-hour-long data-taking period of the reaction Ni + Ni at beam kinetic energy of 1.9 AGeV in May 2022 are depicted in Figure 2 [3]. Within the limited geometrical acceptance of","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"90 1","pages":"36 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85649444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2198906
M. Colonna, A. Navin
European-Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences (EURO-LABS) is a four-year project funded in the Horizon Europe program of the European Commission for Research infrastructure services to support health research, accelerate green and digital transformation, and advance frontier knowledge. Nuclear and high-energy physics explore at different scales of what the universe is composed and how it functions. Breakthroughs in accelerator and detector technologies combined with innovative experiments represent the key to new discoveries. High-energy physics, while preparing for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), is pursuing the design of the next generation particle accelerators and detectors, balancing the present and the future. Newly available beams of nuclei far from stability and intense stable beams have opened new avenues, ranging from the production of new elements to the exploration of nuclear properties at extremes of temperature, angular momentum, and isospin. It is of vital importance to simultaneously optimize the use of existing and new research infrastructures (RI) to conduct curiosity-driven research addressing fundamental questions and technological challenges, and also advance projects with broad societal impact. EURO-LABS brings together, for the first time in Europe, the three communities engaged in nuclear physics and accelerator/detector technology for high-energy physics, pioneering a super community of subatomic researchers. The project provides efficient and unified access to the resources available at a large fraction of European laboratories and provides a diverse community of international users a very wide panel to choose the best and most relevant state-of-the-art RI or a network of RI and enhance Europe’s potential for successfully facing future challenges. EURO-LABS is a network of 33 research and academic institutions from 18 countries
{"title":"EURO-LABS: Europe’s Super Community of Subatomic Researchers","authors":"M. Colonna, A. Navin","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2023.2198906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2198906","url":null,"abstract":"European-Laboratories for Accelerator Based Sciences (EURO-LABS) is a four-year project funded in the Horizon Europe program of the European Commission for Research infrastructure services to support health research, accelerate green and digital transformation, and advance frontier knowledge. Nuclear and high-energy physics explore at different scales of what the universe is composed and how it functions. Breakthroughs in accelerator and detector technologies combined with innovative experiments represent the key to new discoveries. High-energy physics, while preparing for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), is pursuing the design of the next generation particle accelerators and detectors, balancing the present and the future. Newly available beams of nuclei far from stability and intense stable beams have opened new avenues, ranging from the production of new elements to the exploration of nuclear properties at extremes of temperature, angular momentum, and isospin. It is of vital importance to simultaneously optimize the use of existing and new research infrastructures (RI) to conduct curiosity-driven research addressing fundamental questions and technological challenges, and also advance projects with broad societal impact. EURO-LABS brings together, for the first time in Europe, the three communities engaged in nuclear physics and accelerator/detector technology for high-energy physics, pioneering a super community of subatomic researchers. The project provides efficient and unified access to the resources available at a large fraction of European laboratories and provides a diverse community of international users a very wide panel to choose the best and most relevant state-of-the-art RI or a network of RI and enhance Europe’s potential for successfully facing future challenges. EURO-LABS is a network of 33 research and academic institutions from 18 countries","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"114 1","pages":"3 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76350932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2168923
B. Sherrill
{"title":"Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Opened for Science with Ribbon Cutting on 2 May 2022","authors":"B. Sherrill","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2023.2168923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2168923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"5 1","pages":"35 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83834382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2168922
D. Cortina Gil
EuNPC 2022 is the fifth event of the European Nuclear Physics Conference, promoted by the Nuclear Physics Division Board of the European Physics Society (NPB EPS), and, in this edition, in collaboration with the Nuclear Physics Group of the Royal Spanish Physical Society (RSEF) and the Galician Institute of High Energy Physics of the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC). The conference took place from 24 October to 28 October 2022 in Santiago de Compostela (Spain) and in total over 250 scientists attended from universities and research centers from all over Europe (Figure 1). The scientific program covered a very broad spectrum of current topics studied in nuclear physics: Accelerators and Instrumentation; Nuclear Structure, Spectroscopy, and Dynamics; Nuclear Astrophysics; Astroparticle Physics; Heavy Ion Collisions and Quantum Chromodynamics Phases; Hadron Structure; Spectroscopy, and Dynamics; Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions; and Nuclear Physics Applications. We had plenary sessions, in which more than 30 internationally renowned invited speakers gave talks that covered all the aforementioned topics, and parallel and poster sessions in which a large number of young researchers participated. The local section of EPS Young Minds organized an interesting section consisting of a roundtable on “Life beyond the PhD, a Guide to a Satisfactory Professional Career,” and a workshop directed by Dr. Anna Muro (University of Barcelona) on “Well-Being and Positive Mental Health in Research Career.” You may find more details about the program at https://indico.cern.ch/ event/1104299/. The Lise Meitner Award ceremony, the most prestigious scientific recognition awarded by the Division of Nuclear Physics, was also part of our program. The winner of this edition was Prof. Phil Walker from the University of Surrey, for his seminal contributions to the understanding of long-lived nuclear excited “isomeric” states and the factors that determine their half-lives, that range from nanoseconds to years (Figure 2). We also celebrated the award ceremony for the best posters of the congress, sponsored by the Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee (NuPECC). The winners of this edition were Martina Feijoo (USC), and Charlie Paxman and Simona Baruta (Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering) (Figure 3).
{"title":"The 5th European Nuclear Physics Conference 2022 (EuNPC 2022)","authors":"D. Cortina Gil","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2023.2168922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2168922","url":null,"abstract":"EuNPC 2022 is the fifth event of the European Nuclear Physics Conference, promoted by the Nuclear Physics Division Board of the European Physics Society (NPB EPS), and, in this edition, in collaboration with the Nuclear Physics Group of the Royal Spanish Physical Society (RSEF) and the Galician Institute of High Energy Physics of the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC). The conference took place from 24 October to 28 October 2022 in Santiago de Compostela (Spain) and in total over 250 scientists attended from universities and research centers from all over Europe (Figure 1). The scientific program covered a very broad spectrum of current topics studied in nuclear physics: Accelerators and Instrumentation; Nuclear Structure, Spectroscopy, and Dynamics; Nuclear Astrophysics; Astroparticle Physics; Heavy Ion Collisions and Quantum Chromodynamics Phases; Hadron Structure; Spectroscopy, and Dynamics; Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions; and Nuclear Physics Applications. We had plenary sessions, in which more than 30 internationally renowned invited speakers gave talks that covered all the aforementioned topics, and parallel and poster sessions in which a large number of young researchers participated. The local section of EPS Young Minds organized an interesting section consisting of a roundtable on “Life beyond the PhD, a Guide to a Satisfactory Professional Career,” and a workshop directed by Dr. Anna Muro (University of Barcelona) on “Well-Being and Positive Mental Health in Research Career.” You may find more details about the program at https://indico.cern.ch/ event/1104299/. The Lise Meitner Award ceremony, the most prestigious scientific recognition awarded by the Division of Nuclear Physics, was also part of our program. The winner of this edition was Prof. Phil Walker from the University of Surrey, for his seminal contributions to the understanding of long-lived nuclear excited “isomeric” states and the factors that determine their half-lives, that range from nanoseconds to years (Figure 2). We also celebrated the award ceremony for the best posters of the congress, sponsored by the Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee (NuPECC). The winners of this edition were Martina Feijoo (USC), and Charlie Paxman and Simona Baruta (Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering) (Figure 3).","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"35 1","pages":"33 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77388813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2190266
M. Venhart, A. Herzáň
Bratislava is the capital and largest city of the Slovak Republic. In the Middle Ages, as a part of the Hungarian Empire, it became one of its centers of politics, culture, education and science. In 1467, the first university in the territory of the present Slovakia, named the Academia Istropolitana, was founded in the city of Bratislava. The name of the university was derived from the ancient name of the Danube River, Istros. In 1825 the Hungarian National Learned Society, which is the present Hungarian Academy of Sciences, was founded in Bra ti slava using a donation from count István Széchenyi. After the First World War, Slovakia became a part of Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia, as a common state of Czechs and Slovaks needs to be considered as a successful historical project, although it was not democratic during most of its existence. One of the most significant scientific and technological achievements was the design and construction of a nuclear reactor, which was operational at the Jaslovské Bohunice Power Plant. The Slovak Academy of Sciences is the main scientific and research institution in Slovakia, pursuing funda mental and applied research. It was founded in 1942, closed after the Second World War, and then re established in 1953. In 1955, physical chemist Dionýz Ilkovič, a close colla borator of Nobel Prize laureate Jaroslav Heyrovský, founded the Cabinet of Physics at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, which later evolved into the Institute of Physics. Since the begin ning, nuclear physics was one of the leading focuses of the Institute. It is worthwhile to mention contributions to the theory of preequilibrium nuclear reactions [1], which was developing rapidly in 70’s and 80’s. An important part of experimental program was rel ated to neutron physics. Several neutron generators, based on the d + T reaction, were constructed and operated [2]. Ex periments were focused on neutron scat tering, fastneutron induced reac tions and national security appli cations. The positron annihilation spectro scopy group has been engaged in research at the inter face of several scientific fields, e.g., ma terials research, physical chemi stry and applications in biology [3–9]. Important societal changes during the last decade of the 20th century dra matically changed the nature of research in Slovakia. First was the Velvet revol ution in 1989 that transformed Czecho slovakia from communism with a planned economy to democracy with a free market economy. It was followed by a peaceful separation of the federation into two independent states in 1993. Such major changes in a short period of time, had many negative socioeconomic consequences. One of these was the ext reme reduction of fundamental science funding, leading, e.g., to exodus of many of the best researchers, that mostly never returned. On the other hand, the change in the political system has made travel ling abroad much simpler, which opened new collaboration possibilities for Sl
{"title":"Department of Nuclear Physics, Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences","authors":"M. Venhart, A. Herzáň","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2023.2190266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2190266","url":null,"abstract":"Bratislava is the capital and largest city of the Slovak Republic. In the Middle Ages, as a part of the Hungarian Empire, it became one of its centers of politics, culture, education and science. In 1467, the first university in the territory of the present Slovakia, named the Academia Istropolitana, was founded in the city of Bratislava. The name of the university was derived from the ancient name of the Danube River, Istros. In 1825 the Hungarian National Learned Society, which is the present Hungarian Academy of Sciences, was founded in Bra ti slava using a donation from count István Széchenyi. After the First World War, Slovakia became a part of Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia, as a common state of Czechs and Slovaks needs to be considered as a successful historical project, although it was not democratic during most of its existence. One of the most significant scientific and technological achievements was the design and construction of a nuclear reactor, which was operational at the Jaslovské Bohunice Power Plant. The Slovak Academy of Sciences is the main scientific and research institution in Slovakia, pursuing funda mental and applied research. It was founded in 1942, closed after the Second World War, and then re established in 1953. In 1955, physical chemist Dionýz Ilkovič, a close colla borator of Nobel Prize laureate Jaroslav Heyrovský, founded the Cabinet of Physics at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, which later evolved into the Institute of Physics. Since the begin ning, nuclear physics was one of the leading focuses of the Institute. It is worthwhile to mention contributions to the theory of preequilibrium nuclear reactions [1], which was developing rapidly in 70’s and 80’s. An important part of experimental program was rel ated to neutron physics. Several neutron generators, based on the d + T reaction, were constructed and operated [2]. Ex periments were focused on neutron scat tering, fastneutron induced reac tions and national security appli cations. The positron annihilation spectro scopy group has been engaged in research at the inter face of several scientific fields, e.g., ma terials research, physical chemi stry and applications in biology [3–9]. Important societal changes during the last decade of the 20th century dra matically changed the nature of research in Slovakia. First was the Velvet revol ution in 1989 that transformed Czecho slovakia from communism with a planned economy to democracy with a free market economy. It was followed by a peaceful separation of the federation into two independent states in 1993. Such major changes in a short period of time, had many negative socioeconomic consequences. One of these was the ext reme reduction of fundamental science funding, leading, e.g., to exodus of many of the best researchers, that mostly never returned. On the other hand, the change in the political system has made travel ling abroad much simpler, which opened new collaboration possibilities for Sl","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"56 1","pages":"6 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90322435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2022.2100650
Y. Ngono, M. Ferry
Introduction Since their industrial development in the 20th century, the use of polymers in various fields is widespread and the electronuclear industry is no exception. Here, polymers are submitted to ionizing radiations during their use and irradiation is considered negative. Polymers in the electronuclear industry are encountered in various applications, be it for surface or human protection, as insulation sheaths for electric cables, or as paints in the reactor building. In this realm, these materials are submitted to ionizing radiations either during or after their use, especially for those contaminated by radionuclides. For most of these usages, nuclear security is at stake. Besides, ionizing radiations are used deliberately for medical appliance sterilization, for material processing (curing), or for new materials design through, for example, Ion Track Technology, or radiation-induced synthesis. Whatever the reasons why polymers are submitted to ionizing rays, a thorough knowledge of their evolution as a function of the irradiation conditions (dose,1 dose rate,2 radiation types, irradiation temperature, and environment) is mandatory either to determine the right conditions of use (aging level) or the optimal conditions for material design. First, what are polymers and which of their features can influence their behavior under irradiation? Polymers are macromolecules made of long chains of repetition units obtained through the covalent bonding between monomers. They present various levels of organization—molecular, macromolecular, and supra-macromolecular—associated with various mobility levels and thus to various transitions and relaxations types and related temperatures. Polymers are semicrystalline materials, meaning that they contain crystalline domains organized in an amorphous matrix (Figure 1). This leads to a multiphase material composed of phases with almost opposed characteristics in terms of reactive species and chain mobility, gas diffusion, and so on. Polymers are complex materials to study under ionizing radiations, as they differ by the chemical structure of the monomers (repeating unit), their organization along the backbone, and the resulting microstructure. Therefore, herein, we will intentionally present concepts and give specific information as examples when needed. We will focus on the parameters affecting their evolution under ionizing radiations and present some applications using polymer modifications under ionizing radiations.
{"title":"Polymers Under Ionizing Radiations: Concepts and Applications","authors":"Y. Ngono, M. Ferry","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2022.2100650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2022.2100650","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Since their industrial development in the 20th century, the use of polymers in various fields is widespread and the electronuclear industry is no exception. Here, polymers are submitted to ionizing radiations during their use and irradiation is considered negative. Polymers in the electronuclear industry are encountered in various applications, be it for surface or human protection, as insulation sheaths for electric cables, or as paints in the reactor building. In this realm, these materials are submitted to ionizing radiations either during or after their use, especially for those contaminated by radionuclides. For most of these usages, nuclear security is at stake. Besides, ionizing radiations are used deliberately for medical appliance sterilization, for material processing (curing), or for new materials design through, for example, Ion Track Technology, or radiation-induced synthesis. Whatever the reasons why polymers are submitted to ionizing rays, a thorough knowledge of their evolution as a function of the irradiation conditions (dose,1 dose rate,2 radiation types, irradiation temperature, and environment) is mandatory either to determine the right conditions of use (aging level) or the optimal conditions for material design. First, what are polymers and which of their features can influence their behavior under irradiation? Polymers are macromolecules made of long chains of repetition units obtained through the covalent bonding between monomers. They present various levels of organization—molecular, macromolecular, and supra-macromolecular—associated with various mobility levels and thus to various transitions and relaxations types and related temperatures. Polymers are semicrystalline materials, meaning that they contain crystalline domains organized in an amorphous matrix (Figure 1). This leads to a multiphase material composed of phases with almost opposed characteristics in terms of reactive species and chain mobility, gas diffusion, and so on. Polymers are complex materials to study under ionizing radiations, as they differ by the chemical structure of the monomers (repeating unit), their organization along the backbone, and the resulting microstructure. Therefore, herein, we will intentionally present concepts and give specific information as examples when needed. We will focus on the parameters affecting their evolution under ionizing radiations and present some applications using polymer modifications under ionizing radiations.","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"24 1","pages":"14 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90281115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2168917
D. Cortina Gil, M. Borge, Antonio Moro
The 11th international conference on Direct Reactions with Exotic Beams (DREB) was coorganized by the Institute of Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), and University of Seville (USE) and took place on the north campus of USC from 26 June to 1 July 2022 (Figure 1). The meeting was cochaired by M.J.G. Borge (IEM-CSIC), D. Cortina (USC), and A. Moro (USE). The conference took place in hybrid mode, with both inperson and remote participation. This DREB conference is part of the biennial series, which began in 1999 at MSU, East Lansing, through the initiative of physicists from MSU, IPN-Orsay (Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay), and FSU (Florida State University) working in the field. The subsequent meetings were held at Orsay (2001), Guildford (2003), East Lansing (2005), Wako (2007), Tallahassee (2009), Pisa (2012), Darmstadt (2014), Halifax (2016), and Matsue (2018). The 2020 edition was postponed to 2022 due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. This series of conferences has become a key forum to discuss the advances in direct reaction studies with emphasis on the exotic structure that appears in light nuclei. The DREB conference was conceived to foster discussions and facilitate the exchange of new experimental and theoretical results, as well as ongoing initiatives, within a very informal atmosphere. Aside from two keynote speakers, who are invited to present
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