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Investigating the Proton Structure: The FAMU Experiment 质子结构的研究:FAMU实验
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2198913
A. Vacchi, E. Mocchiutti, A. Adamczak, D. Bakalov, G. Baldazzi, M. Baruzzo, R. Benocci, R. Bertoni, M. Bonesini, H. Cabrera, S. Carsi, D. Cirrincione, F. Chignoli, M. Clemenza, L. Colace, M. Danailov, P. Danev, A. de Bari, C. De Vecchi, M. De Vincenzi, E. Fasci, K. S. Gadedjisso-Tossou, L. Gianfrani, A. Hillier, K. Ishida, P. King, V. Maggi, R. Mazza, A. Menegolli, L. Moretti, G. Morgante, J. Niemela, C. Petroselli, C. Pizzolotto, A. Pullia, R. Ramponi, H. E. Roman, M. Rossella, R. Rossini, R. Sarkar, A. Sbrizzi, M. Stoilov, L. Stoychev, J. Suárez-Vargas, G. Toci, L. Tortora, E. Vallazza, C. Xiao, K. Yokoyama
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引用次数: 0
Population of Tetra-Neutron System Using RI Beams 用RI光束填充四中子体系
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2198911
S. Shimoura, H. Otsu
Introduction Multineutron systems have attracted long-standing attention in nuclear physics. The attractive force acting on two neutrons is slightly insufficient to create a bound state and causes a strong correlation just above the threshold. As the number of neutrons increases, the number of neutron pairs in the system also increases. If an attractive force acts on them, bound states or strongly correlated phenomena, such as resonances, may appear. Such correlated multineutron systems can be considered to affect the stabilities of neutron-rich nuclei and properties of neutron matters such as neutron stars through clustering and/or condensation phenomena. For several decades, experimental attempts have been made with a particular focus on the tetra-neutron (4n) system. In the previous century it was not clarified whether there is a bound or a resonant state [1–3]. Early this century, a possible signature of 4n cluster (or resonance) was reported in coincidence measurements of neutron(s) and fragments produced by the fragmentation of a neutronrich rare isotope (RI) beam, 14Be [4]. At the Rikagaku Kenkyūjo (RIKEN) RI Beam Factory, two experiments using neutron-rich 8He beams were performed to observe mass-spectra of the tetra-neutron system with almost recoil-less conditions and their results were published in 2016 [5] and 2022 [6]. Here, the essences of their basic idea, analysis, and results are described, as well as future perspectives.
多中子系统一直是核物理学界关注的热点。作用在两个中子上的引力不足以产生束缚态,只会在阈值之上产生很强的相关性。随着中子数的增加,系统中的中子对数也随之增加。如果有吸引力作用于它们,就可能出现束缚态或强相关现象,如共振。这种相关的多中子系统可以被认为通过聚集和/或凝结现象影响富中子核的稳定性和中子星等中子物质的性质。几十年来,人们对四中子(4n)系统进行了特别的实验尝试。在过去的一个世纪里,人们没有弄清楚是否存在一个边界或共振状态[1-3]。本世纪初,在对富中子稀有同位素(RI)束14Be破碎产生的中子(s)和碎片的重合测量中,报道了4n团簇(或共振)的可能特征[4]。在Rikagaku Kenkyūjo (RIKEN) RI束流工厂,利用富中子8He束流进行了两次实验,在几乎无后坐力的条件下观察了四中子系统的质谱,实验结果分别于2016年[5]和2022年[6]发表。在这里,对它们的基本思想、分析要点和结果进行了描述,并对未来进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
In Memoriam: Noboru Takigawa (1943–2022)
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2198923
K. Hagino, A. Baha Balantekin, Hiroyuki Sagawa
Noboru Takigawa passed away on 22 October 2022, at the age of 79. He was one of the world’s leaders in the field of low-energy heavy-ion reactions, and his approach influenced researchers worldwide. Born in Tsuchiura, Japan, on 1 July 1943, he received the Doctor of Science degree in 1971 from the University of Tokyo under the supervision of Akito Arima on studies of the cluster structure of 12C. In 1973, he started working on low-energy nuclear reactions at Hahn-Meitner institute. He took subsequent research associate positions at Techniche Universitat Munchen, Oxford University, IPN Orsay, and University of Munster, before he obtained a faculty position in 1979 at Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. The scope of his research was very broad, and he worked on subjects as varied as the cluster structure of light nuclei; a semiclassical approach to heavy-ion elastic scattering; transport phenomena in deep inelastic collisions; quantum tunneling in fusion and fission; structure and reactions of neutron-rich nuclei; and electron screening on astrophysical nuclear reactions. His collaboration with David Brink on the application of WKB theory to optical potentials with three turning points has been widely recognized. The key point was the recognition that anomalous large-angle scattering in elastic scattering of alpha particles off heavy nuclei is due to an interference between barrier wave and internal wave. Around 1982, he started studying heavy-ion deep inelastic scattering and subbarrier fusion, and made many important contributions to that field. A common feature of these phenomena is that a system that is coupled to other degrees of freedom is largely influenced by those couplings. He was continuously interested in the physics of friction, dissipation, and fluctuation, and macroscopic quantum tunneling. He studied reactions of exotic nuclei soon after experiments with exotic nuclei started. In 1991, he showed that the halo structure of neutron-rich nuclei leads to reduction of the Coulomb barrier, which may result in enhancement of fusion cross-sections. In 1993, he used semiclassical theory to discuss the role of the breakup process of neutron-rich nuclei in subbarrier fusion, the idea of which has significantly influenced the field. In addition to research, he was keen on education. He had many good friends and colleagues worldwide, and his connection to them was very helpful for his former students who were employed worldwide. He often took his students with him when he traveled. This triggered a strong collaboration between Tohoku University and the experimentalists at the Australian National University regarding subbarrier fusion. He was an excellent host to many nuclear physicists whose visits to Sendai were intellectually rewarding, because it helped the guests not only to probe physics, but also to appreciate the depths of Japanese culture and language. He trained many students from around the world, including from Myanmar, Indonesia, Bangl
Noboru Takigawa于2022年10月22日去世,享年79岁。他是世界上低能重离子反应领域的领导者之一,他的方法影响了全世界的研究人员。他于1943年7月1日出生于日本土村,1971年在有岛昭夫的指导下获得东京大学理学博士学位,研究12C的团簇结构。1973年,他开始在汉迈特纳研究所研究低能核反应。他先后在慕尼黑工业大学、牛津大学、IPN Orsay和明斯特大学担任研究助理职位,并于1979年在日本仙台东北大学获得教职。他的研究范围非常广泛,他研究的课题五花八门,从轻核的团簇结构;重离子弹性散射的半经典方法深非弹性碰撞中的输运现象核聚变和裂变中的量子隧道效应;富中子核的结构和反应;还有天体物理核反应的电子筛选。他与David Brink合作将WKB理论应用于光势的三个转折点,得到了广泛的认可。重点是认识到重核弹性散射中α粒子的异常大角散射是由于势垒波和内波的干涉引起的。1982年前后,他开始研究重离子深度非弹性散射和亚势垒聚变,并在该领域做出了许多重要贡献。这些现象的一个共同特征是,与其他自由度耦合的系统在很大程度上受这些耦合的影响。他一直对摩擦、耗散、涨落和宏观量子隧道的物理学感兴趣。他在外来核实验开始后不久就研究了外来核的反应。1991年,他证明了富中子核的晕结构导致库仑势垒的降低,这可能导致聚变截面的增强。1993年,他利用半经典理论讨论了富中子核的分裂过程在亚势垒聚变中的作用,其思想对该领域产生了重大影响。除了研究,他还热衷于教育。他在世界各地有很多好朋友和同事,他与他们的联系对他以前在世界各地工作的学生很有帮助。他旅行时经常带着他的学生。这引发了东北大学和澳大利亚国立大学关于亚障聚变的实验家之间的强有力合作。他很好地接待了许多核物理学家,他们对仙台的访问在智力上是有益的,因为它不仅帮助客人探索物理,还帮助他们欣赏日本文化和语言的深度。他培养了许多来自世界各地的学生,包括来自缅甸、印度尼西亚、孟加拉国和美国的学生。他分别于2013年(日文版)和2017年(英文版)出版了教科书《核物理基础》。他一直对物理学充满热情。正如他的名字所暗示的那样(他的名字的意思是“攀登(Noboru)一条下降的河(Takigawa)”),他总是用聪明的想法和努力的工作来推动新的物理学。他的爱好是听音乐,古典和现代都有,比如歌剧和日本的音曲。在他的旅行中,他经常写俳句诗,这是他从他的导师有岛明藤那里学来的。他是一个善良友好的人,我们许多人对他有许多美好的回忆。他对我们大家来说无疑是一个巨大的损失。
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引用次数: 0
100th Anniversary of the Compton Effect: Its Discovery and Present-Day Impact on Nuclear Physics 康普顿效应100周年:它的发现及其对核物理学的影响
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2198919
W. Reviol, M. Avila
Introduction This year is the 100th anniversary of the discovery of the Compton effect, marked by A. H. Compton’s 1923 Physical Review article [1]. On this occasion, we reflect on the effect’s impact on nuclear physics and celebrate the event a century ago and the eminent scientist who made the discovery. Much of the historical comments rely on the article by R. H. Stuewer [2]. A recent Physics Today article [3] presents a historical perspective of Compton’s work and provides more details. The various applications of the Compton effect and its “derivatives” (e.g., inverse Compton scattering) impact many areas of physics and chemistry. This short article is restricted to examples taken from the authors’ surroundings: the focus is on nuclear-structure experiments with γ-spectroscopic methods and nuclear cross-section measurements relevant for astrophysics.
今年是康普顿效应发现100周年,以a.h.康普顿1923年在《物理评论》上发表的文章[1]为标志。借此机会,我们回顾这一效应对核物理学的影响,并庆祝一个世纪前的这一事件和发现这一现象的著名科学家。许多历史评论依赖于R. H. Stuewer[2]的文章。《今日物理学》最近的一篇文章[3]从历史的角度介绍了康普顿的工作,并提供了更多的细节。康普顿效应及其“衍生物”(如逆康普顿散射)的各种应用影响着物理和化学的许多领域。这篇短文仅限于作者周围的例子:重点是用γ光谱方法进行的核结构实验和与天体物理学相关的核截面测量。
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引用次数: 0
The 2022 Nuclear Structure Conference 2022年核结构会议
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2198917
Heather Crawford, P. Fallon
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引用次数: 0
RIKEN Compact Neutron Source Systems RANS Project RIKEN紧凑型中子源系统RANS项目
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2198914
Y. Otake, Y. Wakabayashi, M. Takamura, M. Mizuta, Takaoki Takanashi
Introduction Rikagaku Kenkyūjo (RIKEN) is promoting the maintenance and advanced development of compact neutron source measurement systems with the aim of using “neutrons anytime, anywhere.” As of 2022, two RIKEN accelerator-driven compact neutron systems (RANS), RANS and RANS-II, are in constant operation at RIKEN Wako. RANSIII and RANS-μ are currently under development. The development of compact and medium-sized accelerator-based neutron sources is very active around the world nowadays and several research projects are presented on the development and utilization of mediumand smallsized neutron sources without spallation in the International Atomic Energy Agency’s first international conference for accelerators, held in May 2022, “International Conference on Accelerators for Research and Sustainable Development: From Good Practices Towards Socioeconomic Impact” [1]. It represents the predicted spread of compact neutron source development. In such a trend, RIKEN has demonstrated its high potential to the world by proceeding with the advanced development of a compact neutron source system. This article explains the current status and future development of the RANS project. The RANS project has two main goals. One is to develop a compact evaluation and analysis system for industrial use, such as in manufacturing. The other is for the realization of a transportable neutron source system that can be used for nondestructive measurement of infrastructure such as bridges and highways to prevent accidents, as well as for outdoor use to contribute to proactive maintenance to realize longer life. There are various needs for nondestructive measurement. Therefore, as shown in Figure 1, it is essential to develop a system that meets various needs onsite by making the best use of its characteristics, such as high penetrability and analysis ability of neutron beams with a measurement accuracy that meets various needs. The following sections briefly describe the accelerator-based RANS, RANS-II, as well as RANS-III, which is under development.
Rikagaku Kenkyūjo (RIKEN)正在推动紧凑型中子源测量系统的维护和先进发展,目的是随时随地使用中子。截至2022年,两个RIKEN加速器驱动的紧凑型中子系统(RANS), RANS和RANS- ii,在RIKEN Wako持续运行。RANSIII和RANS-μ目前正在开发中。目前,紧凑型和中型加速器中子源的开发在世界范围内非常活跃,在国际原子能机构于2022年5月举行的第一届国际加速器会议“加速器研究与可持续发展国际会议”上,提出了几个关于开发和利用中小型无散裂中子源的研究项目:从良好实践到社会经济影响”[1]。它代表了致密中子源发展的预测扩散。在这种趋势下,RIKEN通过紧凑型中子源系统的先进开发向世界展示了其巨大的潜力。本文阐述了RANS项目的现状和未来发展。RANS项目有两个主要目标。一是开发一个紧凑的工业评价和分析系统,例如制造业。另一个目标是实现可移动中子源系统,该系统可用于桥梁和高速公路等基础设施的无损测量,以防止事故发生,也可用于户外使用,有助于主动维护,以实现更长的使用寿命。无损测量有各种各样的需求。因此,如图1所示,必须充分利用其特性,如中子束的高穿透性和分析能力,以及满足各种需求的测量精度,开发出满足现场各种需求的系统。以下各节简要介绍了基于加速器的RANS、RANS- ii以及正在开发中的RANS- iii。
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引用次数: 0
Rapid Environmental Mapping with Instrumented Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Experience and Lessons Learned from the Commissioning and Trial Measurements in the Areas Affected by TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident 基于仪表无人机的快速环境测绘:东京电力公司福岛第一核电站事故影响地区调试和试验测量的经验与教训
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2198916
D. Ridikas, I. Darby, R. Kaiser, A. Maekawa, M. Matos, H. Saito, P. Sladek, M. Bogovac
Background A part of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)’s response to the accident at TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was the Action Plan on Nuclear Safety. One of its requirements was a need to urgently develop portable equipment, associated instrumentation, and validated methodologies for radiological mapping and radiation monitoring. As a result, a dedicated project was developed and implemented on the use of instrumented unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in areas that are not accessible on foot and where high radiation levels might exist. This report covers a 10-year period during which the UAV industry has matured immensely and there have been a number of significant developments in UAV technology and detector systems tested and deployed (e.g., see Ref. [1] and references therein). Use of UAV systems has become widely accepted by regulatory authorities in a number of sectors, even including the use of autonomous/semiautonomous systems within the nuclear industry [2, 3]. However, even in 2023, commercially available off-the-shelf systems to perform radiological mapping are few (e.g., Ref. [4, 5]) and practical operational experience remains limited. Herein, we describe the project and system developed and delivered to Fukushima Prefecture. Development of the UAV-Based System The UAV System The selected UAV system was an Aibotix X6 [6]. The intended market for the X6 at that time was for photographic inspection and thus came equipped with a centrally mounted stabilized camera gimbal. A more precise method of measuring height above ground level through a laser rangefinder system was added. The radiation detector systems developed by the IAEA Nuclear Science and Instrumentation Laboratory were mounted on the gimbal such that the radiation detectors and cameras could be exchanged. Data were collected at a frequency of 1 Hz and transferred to the main UAV processing unit, whereupon the measurement data were combined with flight parameters, especially position and altitude. These data were transmitted in real time on the pilot remote control and stored on both the UAV and detector systems, for later analysis.
国际原子能机构(IAEA)对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站事故的反应之一是《核安全行动计划》。其要求之一是迫切需要开发便携式设备、相关仪器和有效的放射测绘和辐射监测方法。因此,开发并实施了一个专门的项目,在无法步行进入和可能存在高辐射水平的地区使用仪表无人机(UAV)。本报告涵盖了无人机行业非常成熟的10年期间,在无人机技术和检测系统测试和部署方面取得了许多重大进展(例如,参见参考文献[1]和其中的参考文献)。无人机系统的使用已被监管机构广泛接受,在许多部门,甚至包括在核工业中使用自主/半自主系统[2,3]。然而,即使在2023年,商业上可用的用于放射测绘的现成系统也很少(例如,参考文献[4,5]),实际操作经验仍然有限。在此,我们描述了开发并交付给福岛县的项目和系统。无人机系统选择的无人机系统是Aibotix X6[6]。当时X6的目标市场是用于摄影检查,因此配备了一个中央安装的稳定相机万向架。增加了一种通过激光测距系统测量地面以上高度的更精确的方法。原子能机构核科学和仪器实验室研制的辐射探测器系统安装在云台上,以便可以交换辐射探测器和照相机。以1 Hz的频率采集数据并传输到无人机主处理单元,然后将测量数据与飞行参数,特别是位置和高度相结合。这些数据在飞行员遥控器上实时传输,并存储在无人机和探测系统上,供以后分析。
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引用次数: 0
The 30th Conference of the International Nuclear Target Development Society, INTDS 2022 国际核目标发展协会第30届会议,INTDS 2022
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2168921
D. Schumann
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引用次数: 0
PSI2022: Physics of Fundamental Symmetries and Interactions at the Paul Scherrer Institut PSI2022: Paul Scherrer研究所的基本对称和相互作用物理学
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2198918
K. Kirch, B. Lauss, S. Ritt, A. Signer
tendees were early career researchers (graduate students or postdoctoral researchers, and the majority of participants (>90%) attended in-person. While observing the COVID-19 safety protocols on-site at LBNL, the overwhelming feeling of the week was excitement to be back at a conference again, face to face. The outdoor tent (with excellent ventilation) for meals and breaks was constantly occupied, with small groups of collaborators discussing their upcoming work, new collaborations forming, and much coffee being consumed. We were thrilled to have the opportunity to host NS2022, and thankful for support from our vendor sponsors Berkeley Nucleonics Corp., CAEN Technologies Inc., Mirion Technologies, Ortec/Ametek, PHDS, SkuTek, and XIA. We also have to thank the LBNL operations and security teams for logistical support, and the team within NSD for all of their work. The COVID-19 pandemic presented an unusual challenge, but one NS2022 overcame readily. Additional information about the NS2022 conference is available at https://conferences.lbl.gov/event/212/. The next installment of the Nuclear Structure series is planned for 2024, to be hosted by Argonne National Laboratory.
与会者大多是职业生涯早期的研究人员(研究生或博士后研究人员),大多数参与者(>90%)是亲自参加的。在LBNL现场观察COVID-19安全协议时,本周最令人兴奋的感觉是再次回到会议上,面对面。用于用餐和休息的户外帐篷(通风良好)经常被占用,合作者小组讨论他们即将开展的工作,形成新的合作,并喝了很多咖啡。我们很高兴有机会主办NS2022,并感谢我们的供应商赞助商Berkeley Nucleonics Corp., CAEN Technologies Inc., Mirion Technologies, Ortec/Ametek, PHDS, SkuTek和XIA的支持。我们还要感谢LBNL的运营和安全团队提供的后勤支持,以及NSD内部的团队所做的所有工作。2019冠状病毒病大流行带来了不同寻常的挑战,但NS2022很快克服了这一挑战。有关NS2022会议的更多信息,请访问https://conferences.lbl.gov/event/212/。核结构系列的下一部分计划于2024年由阿贡国家实验室主办。
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引用次数: 0
In Memoriam: Jan Blomqvist (1932–2022) 纪念:扬·布洛姆奎斯特(1932-2022)
Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2198922
B. Cederwall, R. Liotta, M. Hjorth-Jensen
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引用次数: 0
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Nuclear Physics News
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