Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2231812
Carlos Bertulani
{"title":"In Memoriam: Professor Dr. Gerhard Baur (1944–2023)","authors":"Carlos Bertulani","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2023.2231812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2231812","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2230852
C. Bruno, J. Glorius, P. J. Woods
{"title":"Nuclear Astrophysical Reaction Studies Using Heavy Ion Storage Rings","authors":"C. Bruno, J. Glorius, P. J. Woods","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2023.2230852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2230852","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"25 1","pages":"23 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82849576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2231813
F. Sabatié, H. Moutarde
The Institute for Research into the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU) at the French Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission (CEA) was created in 1992 by bringing together the scientific and technological components of entities dedicated to particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. The embodiment of a visionary scheme at a time when the links between the infinitely small and the infinitely large were less common and less obvious than they are today, IRFU federates seven physical and technical departments through shared methods, instrumental technologies, and scientific questioning:
{"title":"The Nuclear Physics Department of IRFU at CEA Paris-Saclay","authors":"F. Sabatié, H. Moutarde","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2023.2231813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2231813","url":null,"abstract":"The Institute for Research into the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (IRFU) at the French Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission (CEA) was created in 1992 by bringing together the scientific and technological components of entities dedicated to particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. The embodiment of a visionary scheme at a time when the links between the infinitely small and the infinitely large were less common and less obvious than they are today, IRFU federates seven physical and technical departments through shared methods, instrumental technologies, and scientific questioning:","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"1 1","pages":"4 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82378751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2231803
A. Gligorova, E. Widmann
The eighth edition of the International Symposium on Subatomic Physics (SSP2022) was held in Vienna from 29 August to 3 September 2022, one year later than originally planned due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The conference was organized by the Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics and hosted by the University of Applied Arts. Compared to previous editions of the conference, which encompassed a wider range of topics, including dark matter and cosmology, the scientific program for SSP2022 concentrated more on fundamental symmetries and interactions in both theory and laboratory experiments, as proposed by the International Advisory Committee. The conference welcomed 74 attendees who presented 51 invited and contributed talks showcasing scientific accomplishments from around the world. These included topics on searches for lepton flavor violation and symmetries in heavy quark decays at BELLE in Japan, BESIII in Beijing, muon decay at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), and Φ decays at DAΦNE in Frascati. Prospects to discover physics beyond the Standard Model, such as the g-2 measurement at Fermilab, or in high energies colliders, were also presented, as well as searches for the electric dipole moments (EDM) of the neutron, deuteron, muon, and in atoms and molecules. Double ß-decay, sterile neutrino searches, and flavor oscillations were also discussed. Results and upper limits on CPT tests with antihydrogen, muonium, and positronium were reported. The meeting ended with presentations on advanced instrumentation and on upcoming future facilities at PSI, Deutsches ElektronenSynchrotron, Mainz University, and the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex. The reduced in-person participation from regions such as China was overcome by two remote talks that were received with the same amount of attention and interest. The proceedings have been published in the EPJ Web of Conferences. Fruitful discussions on various physics subjects thrived during the poster session, where 17 posters were presented by master’s and Ph.D. students on their work and results. Several referees had the task of evaluating each poster, and two prizes sponsored by Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee were awarded at a ceremony to Alexander Boeschoten from Van Swinderen Institute in Groningen for the poster “Understanding of Systematic Effects in eEDM Searches with Diatomic Molecules” and Marlene Tüchler from the Stefan Meyer Institute for the poster “Kaonic Atom X-Ray Spectrocopy with the SIDDHARTA-2 Experiment”. The social program included a guided tour at the Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna and a reception. A public lecture took place in the picturesque Festsaal of the Austrian Academy of Sciences as part of the SSP2022 program. The talk, entitled “The Underground World of Elementary Particles,” was given in German by Prof. Stefan Paul from the Technical University of Munich (Figure 1). The general public had a unique opportunity to hear about the shortest length
第八届亚原子物理国际研讨会(SSP2022)于2022年8月29日至9月3日在维也纳举行，由于COVID-19大流行，比原计划推迟了一年。这次会议由斯蒂芬·迈耶亚原子物理研究所组织，由应用艺术大学主办。与国际咨询委员会提出的上届会议相比，上届会议涵盖了更广泛的主题，包括暗物质和宇宙学，SSP2022的科学计划更多地集中在理论和实验室实验中的基本对称性和相互作用上。会议迎来了74名与会者，他们提出了51个邀请和贡献的演讲，展示了来自世界各地的科学成就。这些主题包括在日本BELLE、北京BESIII、Paul Scherrer研究所(PSI)的μ子衰变、以及在Frascati DAΦNE的Φ衰变中寻找轻子风味违和和重夸克衰变中的对称性。展望发现标准模型之外的物理，如费米实验室的g-2测量，或在高能对撞机中，以及寻找中子、氘核、介子以及原子和分子的电偶极矩(EDM)。双ß-衰变，无菌中微子搜索和风味振荡也进行了讨论。报告了反氢、介子和正电子的CPT试验结果和上限。会议最后介绍了PSI、德国电子同步加速器、美因茨大学和日本质子加速器研究中心的先进仪器和未来设施。中国等地区的参会人数减少，但两场远程会谈得到了同样的关注和兴趣，克服了这一问题。会议记录已发表在EPJ会议网站上。在海报环节中，各种物理主题的讨论成果丰硕，硕士生和博士生展示了17张海报，展示了他们的工作和成果。由核物理欧洲合作委员会赞助的两个奖项在颁奖典礼上颁发给格罗宁根Van Swinderen研究所的Alexander Boeschoten和Stefan Meyer研究所的Marlene t chler，他们的海报是“理解双原子分子在eEDM搜索中的系统效应”，海报是“用SIDDHARTA-2实验进行Kaonic原子x射线光谱复制”。社交活动包括在维也纳应用艺术博物馆的导游和招待会。作为SSP2022项目的一部分，在风景如画的奥地利科学院举办了一场公开讲座。这次演讲的题目是“基本粒子的地下世界”，由慕尼黑工业大学的Stefan Paul教授用德语进行(图1)。公众有一个独特的机会，可以听到人类迄今为止探索的最短长度尺度，以及实验室实验如何测试宇宙起源的理论模型。SSP2022被证明是成功和愉快的，在与会者之间引发了许多富有成果的辩论。按照SSP跨越大陆的传统，决定继续这个系列，下一届SSP将于2025年在日本组织。
{"title":"Eighth International Symposium on Subatomic Physics (SSP2022)","authors":"A. Gligorova, E. Widmann","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2023.2231803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2231803","url":null,"abstract":"The eighth edition of the International Symposium on Subatomic Physics (SSP2022) was held in Vienna from 29 August to 3 September 2022, one year later than originally planned due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The conference was organized by the Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics and hosted by the University of Applied Arts. Compared to previous editions of the conference, which encompassed a wider range of topics, including dark matter and cosmology, the scientific program for SSP2022 concentrated more on fundamental symmetries and interactions in both theory and laboratory experiments, as proposed by the International Advisory Committee. The conference welcomed 74 attendees who presented 51 invited and contributed talks showcasing scientific accomplishments from around the world. These included topics on searches for lepton flavor violation and symmetries in heavy quark decays at BELLE in Japan, BESIII in Beijing, muon decay at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), and Φ decays at DAΦNE in Frascati. Prospects to discover physics beyond the Standard Model, such as the g-2 measurement at Fermilab, or in high energies colliders, were also presented, as well as searches for the electric dipole moments (EDM) of the neutron, deuteron, muon, and in atoms and molecules. Double ß-decay, sterile neutrino searches, and flavor oscillations were also discussed. Results and upper limits on CPT tests with antihydrogen, muonium, and positronium were reported. The meeting ended with presentations on advanced instrumentation and on upcoming future facilities at PSI, Deutsches ElektronenSynchrotron, Mainz University, and the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex. The reduced in-person participation from regions such as China was overcome by two remote talks that were received with the same amount of attention and interest. The proceedings have been published in the EPJ Web of Conferences. Fruitful discussions on various physics subjects thrived during the poster session, where 17 posters were presented by master’s and Ph.D. students on their work and results. Several referees had the task of evaluating each poster, and two prizes sponsored by Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee were awarded at a ceremony to Alexander Boeschoten from Van Swinderen Institute in Groningen for the poster “Understanding of Systematic Effects in eEDM Searches with Diatomic Molecules” and Marlene Tüchler from the Stefan Meyer Institute for the poster “Kaonic Atom X-Ray Spectrocopy with the SIDDHARTA-2 Experiment”. The social program included a guided tour at the Museum of Applied Arts in Vienna and a reception. A public lecture took place in the picturesque Festsaal of the Austrian Academy of Sciences as part of the SSP2022 program. The talk, entitled “The Underground World of Elementary Particles,” was given in German by Prof. Stefan Paul from the Technical University of Munich (Figure 1). The general public had a unique opportunity to hear about the shortest length ","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"2 1","pages":"36 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76892825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2230854
Wangmei Zha, J. Brandenburg, Zhangbu Xu
{"title":"The Breit-Wheeler Process in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: Creating Matter from Pure Energy","authors":"Wangmei Zha, J. Brandenburg, Zhangbu Xu","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2023.2230854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2230854","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"39 1","pages":"27 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80525165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2230848
B. Kay
{"title":"Running Experiments during the COVID-19 Pandemic Has Had a Lasting, Beneficial Impact on How We Run Experiments Today","authors":"B. Kay","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2023.2230848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2230848","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"15 1","pages":"3 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84764393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2023.2230849
B. Jurado
Introduction Neutron-induced reaction cross-sections of radioactive nuclei are essential for nuclear astrophysics and for applications in nuclear technology. However, these data are often subject to significant uncertainties or simply not available. The reason is the difficulty to produce samples containing the radioactive nuclei of interest. Neutron-induced reactions are also very difficult to describe theoretically, mainly because we are not able to predict accurately how the nucleus deexcites (i.e., how it releases the internal energy acquired after the capture of a neutron). The excited nucleus may decay by the emission of γ rays, the emission of a neutron, or by fission, if the excited nucleus is heavy enough. These three deexcitation modes compete with each other and have different probabilities. The latter probabilities depend on fundamental properties of the nucleus, such as nuclear-level densities, γ and particle transmission coefficients, or fission barriers, which are very difficult to calculate if experimental data are not available. Nuclear rEaCTions At storage Rings (NECTAR) aims to circumvent these problems by using the surrogate reaction method in inverse kinematics. In standard measurements in direct kinematics, a beam of neutrons interacts with a heavy, radioactive nucleus at rest. In NECTAR, the kinematics of the nuclear reaction are inverted and the heavy, unstable nucleus is put in the beam to bombard a light nucleus. Because free neutron targets are not available, we use targets of light nuclei such as protons or deuterons. By appropriately choosing the projectile nucleus we can produce the excited nucleus that is formed in the neutron-induced reaction of interest with inelastic-scattering or transfer reactions. The probabilities as a function of the nucleus excitation energy for the different deexcitation modes, which can be measured with the alternative or surrogate reaction, are particularly useful to constrain the models describing the fundamental nuclear properties mentioned above and eventually lead to much more accurate theoretical predictions for neutron-induced reactions [1]. Figure 1 shows the idea behind the surrogate-reaction method. The use of inverse kinematics makes it possible to study very unstable nuclei by using radioactive ion beams. It also makes possible the detection of the heavy products of the decay of the excited nucleus. This simplifies significantly the determination of the γ and neutron emission probabilities because the detection efficiencies for the heavy products can be much larger than the detection efficiencies for γ rays or neutrons. However, the deexcitation probabilities change very rapidly with excitation energy at the particle and at the fission thresholds. The excitation-energy resolution required to scan this rapid evolution is a few 100 keV, which is quite difficult to achieve for heavy nuclei in inverse kinematics due to long-standing target issues. Indeed, to infer the excitation e
{"title":"Surrogate Reactions at Heavy-Ion Storage Rings: The NECTAR Project","authors":"B. Jurado","doi":"10.1080/10619127.2023.2230849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10619127.2023.2230849","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Neutron-induced reaction cross-sections of radioactive nuclei are essential for nuclear astrophysics and for applications in nuclear technology. However, these data are often subject to significant uncertainties or simply not available. The reason is the difficulty to produce samples containing the radioactive nuclei of interest. Neutron-induced reactions are also very difficult to describe theoretically, mainly because we are not able to predict accurately how the nucleus deexcites (i.e., how it releases the internal energy acquired after the capture of a neutron). The excited nucleus may decay by the emission of γ rays, the emission of a neutron, or by fission, if the excited nucleus is heavy enough. These three deexcitation modes compete with each other and have different probabilities. The latter probabilities depend on fundamental properties of the nucleus, such as nuclear-level densities, γ and particle transmission coefficients, or fission barriers, which are very difficult to calculate if experimental data are not available. Nuclear rEaCTions At storage Rings (NECTAR) aims to circumvent these problems by using the surrogate reaction method in inverse kinematics. In standard measurements in direct kinematics, a beam of neutrons interacts with a heavy, radioactive nucleus at rest. In NECTAR, the kinematics of the nuclear reaction are inverted and the heavy, unstable nucleus is put in the beam to bombard a light nucleus. Because free neutron targets are not available, we use targets of light nuclei such as protons or deuterons. By appropriately choosing the projectile nucleus we can produce the excited nucleus that is formed in the neutron-induced reaction of interest with inelastic-scattering or transfer reactions. The probabilities as a function of the nucleus excitation energy for the different deexcitation modes, which can be measured with the alternative or surrogate reaction, are particularly useful to constrain the models describing the fundamental nuclear properties mentioned above and eventually lead to much more accurate theoretical predictions for neutron-induced reactions [1]. Figure 1 shows the idea behind the surrogate-reaction method. The use of inverse kinematics makes it possible to study very unstable nuclei by using radioactive ion beams. It also makes possible the detection of the heavy products of the decay of the excited nucleus. This simplifies significantly the determination of the γ and neutron emission probabilities because the detection efficiencies for the heavy products can be much larger than the detection efficiencies for γ rays or neutrons. However, the deexcitation probabilities change very rapidly with excitation energy at the particle and at the fission thresholds. The excitation-energy resolution required to scan this rapid evolution is a few 100 keV, which is quite difficult to achieve for heavy nuclei in inverse kinematics due to long-standing target issues. Indeed, to infer the excitation e","PeriodicalId":38978,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics News","volume":"9 1","pages":"19 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89803030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1080/10619127.2022.2133496
A. Koning, I. Swainson, K. Kanaki, S. G. de Vicente, D. Ridikas, M. Denecke
Introduction The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is the world center for cooperation in the nuclear field to help accelerate and enlarge the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear technologies. It is part of the United Nations (UN) family and unique in that it is the only one having analytical, research and development laboratories. The IAEA is mostly known for its critical role in nuclear safeguards and is often referred to as the “nuclear watchdog.” However, the IAEA also works toward safe, secure, and sustainable nuclear power generation and in applications of non-power nuclear technologies as well. The IAEA’s activities in applications of non-power nuclear technologies aim to positively impact health, prosperity, and directly contribute to the achievement of nine of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [1]. The Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences (NAPC) at the IAEA, in the Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, has the expertise to support IAEA Member States (MS) in nuclear sciences to build capacities and optimize benefits from nuclear technologies. The areas of nuclear science addressed in NAPC are broad; those embedded within the realm of physics include:
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