Nitric oxide (NO) is a small biological arbitrator and signaling molecule that has numerous significant biological roles in our body. Most of the neurons produce NO by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). NO has been involved in the regulation of neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Also, it contributes to the regulation of circulation and synapses, cerebral map formation, and neuropeptides. In the current review, we focused on previous research that has demonstrated structural aspects, subcellular localization, and some factors that adjust nNOS function. Furthermore, we have characterized the effect of nNOS in the brain in some physiological situations, particularly long-term potentiation and depression (LTP and LTD) and neural plasticity during development . Moreover, the effect of NO on neuropeptidergic neurons, including orexin, in reward systems was reviewed. Also, this study has focused on the NO involvement in brain circulation, the excitability of neurons, and the homeostatic balance of excitatory and inhibitory signaling in the brain.
{"title":"Biological Functions of Nitric Oxide in the Brain and Brain Stem","authors":"Zahra Rezaei, S. Hajizadeh, Zahra Piri","doi":"10.34172/jkmu.2022.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jkmu.2022.71","url":null,"abstract":"Nitric oxide (NO) is a small biological arbitrator and signaling molecule that has numerous significant biological roles in our body. Most of the neurons produce NO by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). NO has been involved in the regulation of neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Also, it contributes to the regulation of circulation and synapses, cerebral map formation, and neuropeptides. In the current review, we focused on previous research that has demonstrated structural aspects, subcellular localization, and some factors that adjust nNOS function. Furthermore, we have characterized the effect of nNOS in the brain in some physiological situations, particularly long-term potentiation and depression (LTP and LTD) and neural plasticity during development . Moreover, the effect of NO on neuropeptidergic neurons, including orexin, in reward systems was reviewed. Also, this study has focused on the NO involvement in brain circulation, the excitability of neurons, and the homeostatic balance of excitatory and inhibitory signaling in the brain.","PeriodicalId":39002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44903691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Babak Payami, A. Assareh, S. M. Adel, Hojatollah Bahrami
Background: Cardiac arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation, are among the most common early complications of open-heart surgery. Hypomagnesemia is one of the clinical mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of postoperative atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulfate on the prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with abnormal P-wave duration who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)surgery. Methods: In this clinical trial, 150 patients participated who had undergone CABG surgery at Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz in 2014. According to the inclusion criteria, the intervention and control groups were randomly matched. The intervention group, consisting of 57 patients, received 2.4 g of magnesium sulfate daily for three days and 75 patients of the control group received a placebo. Prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation by magnesium sulfate was evaluated in patients and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The two groups did not have a significant difference in terms of gender, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Also, mean P-wave duration, length of intensive care unit stay, the total length of hospitalization, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), distribution of creatinine, atrial fibrillation, and aortic clamp time in intervention and control groups were not statistically significant. Only, the total pump duration difference was reported to be statistically significant between groups. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that the administration of magnesium sulfate alone cannot be helpful in the prevention of atrial fibrillation among patients with long P-wave duration. Trial Registration: https://www.irct.ir/, Identifier: IRCT2015092814190N9
{"title":"Effect of Magnesium Sulfate in Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Arrhythmia among Candidates of CABG Surgery with Abnormal P-wave Duration","authors":"Babak Payami, A. Assareh, S. M. Adel, Hojatollah Bahrami","doi":"10.34172/jkmu.2022.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jkmu.2022.66","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiac arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation, are among the most common early complications of open-heart surgery. Hypomagnesemia is one of the clinical mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of postoperative atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulfate on the prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with abnormal P-wave duration who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)surgery. Methods: In this clinical trial, 150 patients participated who had undergone CABG surgery at Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz in 2014. According to the inclusion criteria, the intervention and control groups were randomly matched. The intervention group, consisting of 57 patients, received 2.4 g of magnesium sulfate daily for three days and 75 patients of the control group received a placebo. Prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation by magnesium sulfate was evaluated in patients and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The two groups did not have a significant difference in terms of gender, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Also, mean P-wave duration, length of intensive care unit stay, the total length of hospitalization, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), distribution of creatinine, atrial fibrillation, and aortic clamp time in intervention and control groups were not statistically significant. Only, the total pump duration difference was reported to be statistically significant between groups. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that the administration of magnesium sulfate alone cannot be helpful in the prevention of atrial fibrillation among patients with long P-wave duration. Trial Registration: https://www.irct.ir/, Identifier: IRCT2015092814190N9","PeriodicalId":39002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47443765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The influence of orthodontic treatment on self-confidence and quality of life is a major reason for patients to seek treatment. This study was designed to assess the relationship between orthodontic treatment need and psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Methods: This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 165 patients referred to orthodontic clinics in Kerman to start treatment. Patients were selected by census method to reach the specified sample size. The data collection tools included 3 forms: demographic information form, Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and a form for recording information obtained from clinical examination to determine orthodontic treatment need based on Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Data analysis was performed through SPSS 22 and using t test, ANOVA, and linear regression at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The educational level of subjects and their parents and economic status showed no significant relationship with total PIDAQ score and any of its domains (P>0.05). In psychological impact domain, women’s score was significantly higher (P=0.016) and there was a significant relationship between the treatment need based on aesthetic component (AC) and the domains of dental self-confidence (P=0.003), social impact (P=0.049) and psychological impact (P=0.066), as well as the total score of questionnaire (P=0.012). Treatment need based on dental health component had no statistically significant relationship with PIDAQ score (P>0.05). Conclusion: AC of IOTN had significant relationship with dental self-confidence, social impact and psychological impact as well as the total score of PIDAQ. In orthodontic treatments, in addition to malocclusion, the psychological aspects should also be considered.
{"title":"The Correlation between Orthodontic Treatment Need and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics among Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment","authors":"Mohammadreza Pouralimardan, Mehrnaz Karimi Afshar, Marzieh Karimi Afshar","doi":"10.34172/jkmu.2022.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jkmu.2022.65","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The influence of orthodontic treatment on self-confidence and quality of life is a major reason for patients to seek treatment. This study was designed to assess the relationship between orthodontic treatment need and psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Methods: This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 165 patients referred to orthodontic clinics in Kerman to start treatment. Patients were selected by census method to reach the specified sample size. The data collection tools included 3 forms: demographic information form, Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and a form for recording information obtained from clinical examination to determine orthodontic treatment need based on Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Data analysis was performed through SPSS 22 and using t test, ANOVA, and linear regression at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The educational level of subjects and their parents and economic status showed no significant relationship with total PIDAQ score and any of its domains (P>0.05). In psychological impact domain, women’s score was significantly higher (P=0.016) and there was a significant relationship between the treatment need based on aesthetic component (AC) and the domains of dental self-confidence (P=0.003), social impact (P=0.049) and psychological impact (P=0.066), as well as the total score of questionnaire (P=0.012). Treatment need based on dental health component had no statistically significant relationship with PIDAQ score (P>0.05). Conclusion: AC of IOTN had significant relationship with dental self-confidence, social impact and psychological impact as well as the total score of PIDAQ. In orthodontic treatments, in addition to malocclusion, the psychological aspects should also be considered.","PeriodicalId":39002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42038280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human opportunistic pathogen that is known to be responsible for various diseases. However, its antibiotic-resistant isolates often cause serious infections. Methods: This study for the first time investigated a total of 80 P. aeruginosa isolates collected from patients admitted to Amir Al-Momenin hospital. The isolates were identified by biochemical assays. The combination disc test method was used to measure antibiotic susceptibility and confirm the presence of extended spectrum-beta lactamases-producing enzymes. Also, the presence of enzyme-producing genes bla CTXM-1, bla CTXM-2, bla CTXM-3, bla SHV, and bla OXA of the target enzymes was examined using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Out of 80 P. aeruginosa isolates, 32 isolates (40%) were beta-lactamase generators. Resistance to the studied antibiotics was found to be 97.5%, 90%, 81.3%, 75%, 75%, 72.5%, 60%, 52.5%, 50%, 32.5%, 28.8%, and 0% for amoxicillin, amoxiclav cephalexin, nitrofurantoin, cotrimoxazole, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem, respectively. Therefore, the highest antibiotic resistance was against amoxicillin, co-amoxiclav, and cephalexin, respectively, while the lowest was detected for imipenem. Besides, 17.5% of the studied isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Among extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing genes, bla CTXM-3 displayed the highest frequency of 84.4%. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated the wide resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates against various antibiotic classes. According to the results, it is suggested to identify different patterns of antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates prior to the onset of treatment for any P. aeruginosa-related infections.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Obtained from Clinical Samples by Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods in Zabol, Iran","authors":"O. Tadjrobehkar, A. Kamali","doi":"10.34172/jkmu.2022.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jkmu.2022.64","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human opportunistic pathogen that is known to be responsible for various diseases. However, its antibiotic-resistant isolates often cause serious infections. Methods: This study for the first time investigated a total of 80 P. aeruginosa isolates collected from patients admitted to Amir Al-Momenin hospital. The isolates were identified by biochemical assays. The combination disc test method was used to measure antibiotic susceptibility and confirm the presence of extended spectrum-beta lactamases-producing enzymes. Also, the presence of enzyme-producing genes bla CTXM-1, bla CTXM-2, bla CTXM-3, bla SHV, and bla OXA of the target enzymes was examined using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Out of 80 P. aeruginosa isolates, 32 isolates (40%) were beta-lactamase generators. Resistance to the studied antibiotics was found to be 97.5%, 90%, 81.3%, 75%, 75%, 72.5%, 60%, 52.5%, 50%, 32.5%, 28.8%, and 0% for amoxicillin, amoxiclav cephalexin, nitrofurantoin, cotrimoxazole, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem, respectively. Therefore, the highest antibiotic resistance was against amoxicillin, co-amoxiclav, and cephalexin, respectively, while the lowest was detected for imipenem. Besides, 17.5% of the studied isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Among extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing genes, bla CTXM-3 displayed the highest frequency of 84.4%. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated the wide resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates against various antibiotic classes. According to the results, it is suggested to identify different patterns of antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates prior to the onset of treatment for any P. aeruginosa-related infections.","PeriodicalId":39002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45006283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ahmadi, A. Heidarzadeh, A. Hosseinzadeh, Mansooreh Azizzadeh Forouzi
Background: This meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate post-traumatic growth (PTG) in cancer patients. Methods: We systematically searched for studies that reported PTG in cancer patients. Then, irrelevant studies were removed after the abstracts of articles were studied, and articles completely related to the research purpose were selected by examining the full texts of the articles. Finally, the articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected for analysis based on the criteria of critical evaluation. Results: Of 21 articles, nine studies were performed on women, one study on men, and 11 studies on both sexes, and all of them used post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI). The studies showed that the mean PTGI score was 60.72 and heterogeneity was not statistically significant (I2 = 0.0, heterogeneity = 0.998). The subgroups classified according to continents showed that the mean PTGI scores in Asia, Europe, and the United States were 61.40, 59.12, and 60.42, respectively. Conclusion: Recognition of the psychological responses in cancer patients requires much more attention from health care professionals, and they should consider programs to enhance PTG in cancer survivors.
{"title":"Posttraumatic Growth in Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis Study","authors":"A. Ahmadi, A. Heidarzadeh, A. Hosseinzadeh, Mansooreh Azizzadeh Forouzi","doi":"10.34172/jkmu.2022.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jkmu.2022.60","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate post-traumatic growth (PTG) in cancer patients. Methods: We systematically searched for studies that reported PTG in cancer patients. Then, irrelevant studies were removed after the abstracts of articles were studied, and articles completely related to the research purpose were selected by examining the full texts of the articles. Finally, the articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected for analysis based on the criteria of critical evaluation. Results: Of 21 articles, nine studies were performed on women, one study on men, and 11 studies on both sexes, and all of them used post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI). The studies showed that the mean PTGI score was 60.72 and heterogeneity was not statistically significant (I2 = 0.0, heterogeneity = 0.998). The subgroups classified according to continents showed that the mean PTGI scores in Asia, Europe, and the United States were 61.40, 59.12, and 60.42, respectively. Conclusion: Recognition of the psychological responses in cancer patients requires much more attention from health care professionals, and they should consider programs to enhance PTG in cancer survivors.","PeriodicalId":39002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48094671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kashaki, M. Salimi, S. Jafari, E. Norouzi, Majid Karoubi, N. Khalesi
Background: Support for evolutionary care of twin or multiple birth infants whose populations are rapidly growing is of considerable interest. Co-bedding has been considered as one of the evolutionary care strategies being implemented in many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) throughout the world. This study is designed to investigate the effect of co-bedding among premature twin or multiple birth infants on their growth and physiological stability in a NICU with the largest number of births in Iran. Methods: It is a randomized clinical trial performed on 80 pairs of premature twin infants hospitalized in the NICU of Shahid Akbar-Abadi Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Patients were randomly allocated into the two groups; co-bedded and routine care. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and a co-bedding checklist and compared between the two groups. Results: Data analysis showed that the weight gain and mean of NICU hospitalization days in the co-bedded group were significantly different from those of the standard care infants ( P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in terms of increase in height ( P = 0.1), head circumference ( P = 0.4), heart rate ( P = 0.3), arterial oxygen saturation ( P = 0.12), and respiratory rate ( P = 0.68) between the two groups. Conclusion: On the basis of results, co-bedding could lead to better weight gain in twin birth infants and consequently accelerate their recovery and discharge.
背景：支持人口快速增长的双胞胎或多胞胎婴儿的进化护理具有相当大的意义。同床共枕被认为是世界各地许多新生儿重症监护室（NICU）正在实施的进化护理策略之一。这项研究旨在调查在伊朗出生人数最多的新生儿重症监护室中，双胞胎或多胞胎早产婴儿同床共枕对其生长和生理稳定性的影响。方法：对伊朗德黑兰Shahid Akbar Abadi医院新生儿重症监护室住院的80对早产双胞胎婴儿进行随机临床试验。患者被随机分为两组；共床和常规护理。通过人口统计问卷和共床检查表收集数据，并在两组之间进行比较。结果：数据分析显示，同床组新生儿重症监护室的体重增加和平均住院天数与标准护理婴儿有显著差异（P＜0.001），但在身高（P＝0.1）、头围（P＝0.4）、心率（P＝0.3）、动脉血氧饱和度（P＝0.12）、，呼吸频率（P＝0.68）。结论：根据研究结果，同床可使双胎婴儿体重增加，从而加速其康复和出院。
{"title":"The Effect of Co-bedding Premature Multiple-birth Infants on Growth and Physiological Stability: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"M. Kashaki, M. Salimi, S. Jafari, E. Norouzi, Majid Karoubi, N. Khalesi","doi":"10.34172/jkmu.2022.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jkmu.2022.54","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Support for evolutionary care of twin or multiple birth infants whose populations are rapidly growing is of considerable interest. Co-bedding has been considered as one of the evolutionary care strategies being implemented in many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) throughout the world. This study is designed to investigate the effect of co-bedding among premature twin or multiple birth infants on their growth and physiological stability in a NICU with the largest number of births in Iran. Methods: It is a randomized clinical trial performed on 80 pairs of premature twin infants hospitalized in the NICU of Shahid Akbar-Abadi Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Patients were randomly allocated into the two groups; co-bedded and routine care. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and a co-bedding checklist and compared between the two groups. Results: Data analysis showed that the weight gain and mean of NICU hospitalization days in the co-bedded group were significantly different from those of the standard care infants ( P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in terms of increase in height ( P = 0.1), head circumference ( P = 0.4), heart rate ( P = 0.3), arterial oxygen saturation ( P = 0.12), and respiratory rate ( P = 0.68) between the two groups. Conclusion: On the basis of results, co-bedding could lead to better weight gain in twin birth infants and consequently accelerate their recovery and discharge.","PeriodicalId":39002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49402440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sadrieh Hajesmaeel-Gohari, Sareh Keshvardoost, K. Bahaadinbeigy
Background: Telepsychiatry is a type of mental health service delivery using information and communication technology for patients living far from psychiatrists It can reduce the number of travelers looking for mental health services. This study aimed to review articles that reported the percentage of prevented travels or referrals using telepsychiatry. Methods: The PubMed database was searched in September 2019 for this review study. Data were extracted from admitted studies based on a series of variables consisting of author, country, modality, referral setting, urgency, study design, sample size, and percentage of prevented travel. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Results: Eight studies were included. Half of these studies were conducted in Australia. Real-time telepsychiatry modality was used in most of the studies (75%). The hospital was the most referral setting in the studies (62.5%). The type of telepsychiatry services delivered in 75% of the studies was elective. The study design of 62.5% of studies was prospective. The number of included participants in the studies ranged from 28 to 1943. The percentage of avoided travels ranged from 12 to 79. Conclusion: Successful telepsychiatry systems could prevent unnecessary referrals and travels. However, the effective use of telepsychiatry services depends on various factors, including the type and period of the disease, the therapist’s efficacy in terms of correct diagnosis and treatment, and patient cooperation.
{"title":"Travel Prevention Using Telepsychiatric Services: A Review","authors":"Sadrieh Hajesmaeel-Gohari, Sareh Keshvardoost, K. Bahaadinbeigy","doi":"10.34172/jkmu.2022.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jkmu.2022.61","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Telepsychiatry is a type of mental health service delivery using information and communication technology for patients living far from psychiatrists It can reduce the number of travelers looking for mental health services. This study aimed to review articles that reported the percentage of prevented travels or referrals using telepsychiatry. Methods: The PubMed database was searched in September 2019 for this review study. Data were extracted from admitted studies based on a series of variables consisting of author, country, modality, referral setting, urgency, study design, sample size, and percentage of prevented travel. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Results: Eight studies were included. Half of these studies were conducted in Australia. Real-time telepsychiatry modality was used in most of the studies (75%). The hospital was the most referral setting in the studies (62.5%). The type of telepsychiatry services delivered in 75% of the studies was elective. The study design of 62.5% of studies was prospective. The number of included participants in the studies ranged from 28 to 1943. The percentage of avoided travels ranged from 12 to 79. Conclusion: Successful telepsychiatry systems could prevent unnecessary referrals and travels. However, the effective use of telepsychiatry services depends on various factors, including the type and period of the disease, the therapist’s efficacy in terms of correct diagnosis and treatment, and patient cooperation.","PeriodicalId":39002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43986666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tahereh Yazdinejad, Ali Karamoozian, Maryam Alsadat Mousavi, Mohammad Reza Banseshi, V. Borhaninejad, A. Iranpour
{"title":"Health Literacy and its Related Factors in Dialysis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study in Iran","authors":"Tahereh Yazdinejad, Ali Karamoozian, Maryam Alsadat Mousavi, Mohammad Reza Banseshi, V. Borhaninejad, A. Iranpour","doi":"10.34172/jkmu.2022.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jkmu.2022.59","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44155973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faride Nezami Majd, A. Shirpoor, A. Taghizadeh Afshari, F. Kheradmand, Roya Naderi, M. Pourjabali, Yousef Rasmi
Background: This study examined the effect of prenatal and early postnatal ethanol exposure on the structural, functional, and molecular alterations of rat’s offspring kidney on postnatal days 21 and 90. Methods: Pregnant rats on gestation day 7 were divided into the two groups, namely control and ethanol groups. Rats in the ethanol group received ethanol (4.5 g/kg B.W) from gestation day 7 throughout lactation. Nephrin, podocin, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) 1 and 2 gene expression were measured by RT-PCR technique. The MMP2 and MMP9 levels in the kidney tissue and plasma cystatin C level were measured by ELISA method. Results: The results revealed a significant alteration in mRNA expression of nephrin, podocin, and VEGFR, as well as MMPs amounts in the kidneys of the offspring. Cystatin C level, the ratio of cystatin C/serum creatinine, serum creatinine, and urine urea showed a significant increase, but urine creatinine and GFR showed a significant decrease in the offsprings of the ethanol group compared to the control group. Histopathological changes such as fibrosis, kidney cells proliferation, leukocytes infiltration, and vacuolization have also seen in the kidney of the offsprings after 21 and 90 days from birth. Conclusion: Taken together, these results provide evidence that pre and early postnatal ethanol exposure renal toxicity is in part associated with alteration of nephrin, podocin, and VEGFRs genes expression, as well as MMPs amount changes. Furthermore, it was found that these molecular alterations were triggered by inflammatory reactions manifested by fibrosis, proliferation, and polymorphonuclear(PMN) leukocytes infiltration.
{"title":"Maternal Ethanol Exposure Impairs the Kidney of Offspring by Alteration of Podocyte Proteins Genes Expression and Fibrosis","authors":"Faride Nezami Majd, A. Shirpoor, A. Taghizadeh Afshari, F. Kheradmand, Roya Naderi, M. Pourjabali, Yousef Rasmi","doi":"10.34172/jkmu.2022.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jkmu.2022.55","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study examined the effect of prenatal and early postnatal ethanol exposure on the structural, functional, and molecular alterations of rat’s offspring kidney on postnatal days 21 and 90. Methods: Pregnant rats on gestation day 7 were divided into the two groups, namely control and ethanol groups. Rats in the ethanol group received ethanol (4.5 g/kg B.W) from gestation day 7 throughout lactation. Nephrin, podocin, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) 1 and 2 gene expression were measured by RT-PCR technique. The MMP2 and MMP9 levels in the kidney tissue and plasma cystatin C level were measured by ELISA method. Results: The results revealed a significant alteration in mRNA expression of nephrin, podocin, and VEGFR, as well as MMPs amounts in the kidneys of the offspring. Cystatin C level, the ratio of cystatin C/serum creatinine, serum creatinine, and urine urea showed a significant increase, but urine creatinine and GFR showed a significant decrease in the offsprings of the ethanol group compared to the control group. Histopathological changes such as fibrosis, kidney cells proliferation, leukocytes infiltration, and vacuolization have also seen in the kidney of the offsprings after 21 and 90 days from birth. Conclusion: Taken together, these results provide evidence that pre and early postnatal ethanol exposure renal toxicity is in part associated with alteration of nephrin, podocin, and VEGFRs genes expression, as well as MMPs amount changes. Furthermore, it was found that these molecular alterations were triggered by inflammatory reactions manifested by fibrosis, proliferation, and polymorphonuclear(PMN) leukocytes infiltration.","PeriodicalId":39002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48632406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect of the incisor and molars that can lead to fear of dentistry in children. This study aimed to compare the dental fear of children aged 8 to 12 years with MIH and children with permanent first molars without hypoplasia in 2020 in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, the participants included 200 students aged 8-12 years old in Isfahan, who were randomly selected from the second to sixth- grade students referred to the clinics. The examination was performed by a dentistry intern using a disposable dental mirror and dental probe on the unit. Fifty-two children with MIH and 148 children with permanent first molars without hypoplasia were enrolled. The Dental Subscale of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule ( CFSS-DS ) questionnaire was used to collect information, which includes two sections: demographic information and 15 questions on different areas of fear of dental treatment in children. Data were analysed through SPSS 20 software and using descriptive-statistical tests (frequency and percentage, mean), t test, chi-square test, and logistic regression test. P < 0.05 was defined as a statistically significant level. Results: The mean score of dental fear was 15 ± 35 (ranged from 15 to 75) which indicated moderate level of dental fear in the participating children. In whole, 62.5% of children were afraid of dentistry. The rate of dental fear in girls was 9 times higher than in boys ( P < 0.05). Also, the rate of dental fear in children with MIH was 46 times higher than in children who did not have this disorder ( P < 0.05). The frequency of dental fear in children with severe disorders was significantly higher than in children with mild defects ( P = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of dental fear among different age groups ( P = 0.313). Also, with increasing the number of dental visits, dental fear increased by 1.2 times ( P < 0.05), which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Fear of dentistry in children with MIH was significantly higher than in children with molar teeth without hypoplasia.
{"title":"Comparison of Fear of Dentistry between Children with Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization and Children with Permanent First Molars without Hypoplasia","authors":"F. Sajadi, Elnaz Fallahian Sichani","doi":"10.34172/jkmu.2022.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jkmu.2022.57","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect of the incisor and molars that can lead to fear of dentistry in children. This study aimed to compare the dental fear of children aged 8 to 12 years with MIH and children with permanent first molars without hypoplasia in 2020 in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, the participants included 200 students aged 8-12 years old in Isfahan, who were randomly selected from the second to sixth- grade students referred to the clinics. The examination was performed by a dentistry intern using a disposable dental mirror and dental probe on the unit. Fifty-two children with MIH and 148 children with permanent first molars without hypoplasia were enrolled. The Dental Subscale of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule ( CFSS-DS ) questionnaire was used to collect information, which includes two sections: demographic information and 15 questions on different areas of fear of dental treatment in children. Data were analysed through SPSS 20 software and using descriptive-statistical tests (frequency and percentage, mean), t test, chi-square test, and logistic regression test. P < 0.05 was defined as a statistically significant level. Results: The mean score of dental fear was 15 ± 35 (ranged from 15 to 75) which indicated moderate level of dental fear in the participating children. In whole, 62.5% of children were afraid of dentistry. The rate of dental fear in girls was 9 times higher than in boys ( P < 0.05). Also, the rate of dental fear in children with MIH was 46 times higher than in children who did not have this disorder ( P < 0.05). The frequency of dental fear in children with severe disorders was significantly higher than in children with mild defects ( P = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of dental fear among different age groups ( P = 0.313). Also, with increasing the number of dental visits, dental fear increased by 1.2 times ( P < 0.05), which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Fear of dentistry in children with MIH was significantly higher than in children with molar teeth without hypoplasia.","PeriodicalId":39002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45457582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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