One of the most important Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies is the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology, suitable for various engineering applications which is currently used with many types of thermoplastic materials including ABS. AM-FDM printed ABS possesses an inherent capacity for property modifications as a function of printing parameters. The main goals of this study were to characterize experimentally the mechanical and structural properties of printed ABS specimens; as well as to reach an expression that will allow us to estimate the strength of the AM-FDM printed ABS for different printing parameters, prior to the printing process. In this experimental study, the mechanical and structural characterization of AM-FDM ABS material was performed by visual non-destructive testing inspection, mechanical testing, and light microscopy (LM) investigation. The three-point bend flexural test results revealed the mechanical properties as well as the fracture surface, according to build-on (coupon) specimens' dimensions and build-strategies. The results of this study provide preliminary quantitative estimates for the mechanical significant properties, as a function of some AM-FDM process variables for the ABS material. Parameter coefficients were defined to calculate the estimated strength of the printed ABS. They are chosen according to the desired printing parameters, and then multiplied by the highest average strength achieved for the X or Z direction bending tests specimens to achieve the estimated strength. The parameter coefficients were used to estimate the flexural strength of AM-FDM ABS specimens pertaining to a different R&D project; a decent agreement between the experimental data and the calculated results was obtained.
{"title":"Structure and Mechanical Behavior of Additive Manufactured Fused Deposition Modeling ABS","authors":"A. Solomon, Y. Rosenthal, D. Ashkenazi, A. Stern","doi":"10.35219/awet.2018.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2018.07","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies is the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology, suitable for various engineering applications which is currently used with many types of thermoplastic materials including ABS. AM-FDM printed ABS possesses an inherent capacity for property modifications as a function of printing parameters. The main goals of this study were to characterize experimentally the mechanical and structural properties of printed ABS specimens; as well as to reach an expression that will allow us to estimate the strength of the AM-FDM printed ABS for different printing parameters, prior to the printing process. In this experimental study, the mechanical and structural characterization of AM-FDM ABS material was performed by visual non-destructive testing inspection, mechanical testing, and light microscopy (LM) investigation. The three-point bend flexural test results revealed the mechanical properties as well as the fracture surface, according to build-on (coupon) specimens' dimensions and build-strategies. The results of this study provide preliminary quantitative estimates for the mechanical significant properties, as a function of some AM-FDM process variables for the ABS material. Parameter coefficients were defined to calculate the estimated strength of the printed ABS. They are chosen according to the desired printing parameters, and then multiplied by the highest average strength achieved for the X or Z direction bending tests specimens to achieve the estimated strength. The parameter coefficients were used to estimate the flexural strength of AM-FDM ABS specimens pertaining to a different R&D project; a decent agreement between the experimental data and the calculated results was obtained.","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43136698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bonded joints are also widely used to join tubular components in the pipeline industry, in vehicle frames and in space structures. This work performs an experimental and numerical study of axially-loaded tubular joints between aluminium adherends and bonded with three different adhesives. The effect of the overlap length between inner and outer tubes (LO) was addressed in the experiments and numerical study. A Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis was undertaken to analyse peel () and shear stresses () in the adhesive layer. Cohesive zone models (CZM) were employed to predict the joint strength. The CZM technique was positively validated for the strength analysis of tubular joints.
{"title":"Cohesive Zone Analysis of Tubular Adhesively-Bonded Joints","authors":"D. Barbosa, R. Campilho, R. Rocha, L. Ferreira","doi":"10.35219/awet.2018.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2018.02","url":null,"abstract":"Bonded joints are also widely used to join tubular components in the pipeline industry, in vehicle frames and in space structures. This work performs an experimental and numerical study of axially-loaded tubular joints between aluminium adherends and bonded with three different adhesives. The effect of the overlap length between inner and outer tubes (LO) was addressed in the experiments and numerical study. A Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis was undertaken to analyse peel () and shear stresses () in the adhesive layer. Cohesive zone models (CZM) were employed to predict the joint strength. The CZM technique was positively validated for the strength analysis of tubular joints.","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42782580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adeyemi, E. Akinlabi, Rasheedat Modupe Mahamood
This aim of this research is to investigate the impact of laser power on the hardness and the wear resistance properties of laser metal deposited 17-4 PH stainless steel. Hardness was studied using the Zwick/Roell microhardness tester and the wear resistance property was carried out using the ball-on-disc Anton Paar-tribometer wear tester. The study revealed that an irregular increase and decrease in the average hardness value and wear behaviour were observed. This could be attributed to the presence of copper precipitate which was more concentrate at the overlapping region because of the reheating activity that is happening between the succeeding and preceding track layers.
{"title":"Influence of Laser Power on the Microhardness and Wear Resistance Properties of Laser Metal Deposited 17-4 PH Stainless Steel","authors":"A. Adeyemi, E. Akinlabi, Rasheedat Modupe Mahamood","doi":"10.35219/awet.2018.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2018.08","url":null,"abstract":"This aim of this research is to investigate the impact of laser power on the hardness and the wear resistance properties of laser metal deposited 17-4 PH stainless steel. Hardness was studied using the Zwick/Roell microhardness tester and the wear resistance property was carried out using the ball-on-disc Anton Paar-tribometer wear tester. The study revealed that an irregular increase and decrease in the average hardness value and wear behaviour were observed. This could be attributed to the presence of copper precipitate which was more concentrate at the overlapping region because of the reheating activity that is happening between the succeeding and preceding track layers.","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45529828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research focused on studying the influence of friction stir welding (FSW) factors such as the type of the welding tool, the speed of the welding tool and the welding speed on the impact toughness of the panels made of AA6061 T6 aluminum alloy sheets with thickness of 3mm. The aluminum alloys have multiple uses in industry, but are quite difficult to be welded by fusion welding processes, including MIG welding, and laser welding. By using a milling machine, it was possible to employ the FSW process, applying four constant welding speeds (800, 1000, 1250, 1600 rpm) and three welding speeds (32, 63, 80 mm/min). Tool pins with square cylindrical and threaded tapered cylindrical profiles were used in the experimental programme. The machined samples were subjected to Charpy V notch impact test at room temperature and the results were compared to the impact energy of the base metal. The results show higher values of the impact energy when the tool pin used has square profile.
{"title":"Effect of Friction Stir Welding Parameters on the Impact Energy Toughness of the 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloys","authors":"E. Karash, S. Yassen, M. Kassim","doi":"10.35219/awet.2018.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2018.04","url":null,"abstract":"This research focused on studying the influence of friction stir welding (FSW) factors such as the type of the welding tool, the speed of the welding tool and the welding speed on the impact toughness of the panels made of AA6061 T6 aluminum alloy sheets with thickness of 3mm. The aluminum alloys have multiple uses in industry, but are quite difficult to be welded by fusion welding processes, including MIG welding, and laser welding. By using a milling machine, it was possible to employ the FSW process, applying four constant welding speeds (800, 1000, 1250, 1600 rpm) and three welding speeds (32, 63, 80 mm/min). Tool pins with square cylindrical and threaded tapered cylindrical profiles were used in the experimental programme. The machined samples were subjected to Charpy V notch impact test at room temperature and the results were compared to the impact energy of the base metal. The results show higher values of the impact energy when the tool pin used has square profile.","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46051552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Chakotay, R. Carmi, I. Alon, R. Shneck, M. Pinkas, A. Stern, A. Bussiba
In today's additive manufacturing sector, one of the most popular areas is selective laser melting (SLM) due to its capability of producing geometrically complex metal parts directly from CAD model in a few short steps. Many studies have been reported on static mechanical properties of SLM components; however, dynamic properties of SLM components of different materials have not been thoroughly investigated. Only few papers have been published on the dynamic mechanical behavior, especially in the crack resistance of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy. In the present study, the effect of loading rate, dynamic versus quasi static, on the fracture toughness of the as-built alloy (X and Z orientations) has been investigated. The experimental results revealed the inherently anisotropic behavior for loading rates where the Z orientation exhibited lower toughness compared to the x orientation. The dynamic loading by impact, resulted in a significant decrease of the toughness values up to about 50% compared to the quasi-static loading. This mechanical response was attributed to the increase in the yield stress which alters the state stress at the crack tip from the planestress to some extent of the mix-mode plane stress/strain.
{"title":"Dynamic Versus Quasi Static Fracture Toughness of Additively Manufactured AlSi10Mg Alloy by Selective Laser Melting Technique","authors":"E. Chakotay, R. Carmi, I. Alon, R. Shneck, M. Pinkas, A. Stern, A. Bussiba","doi":"10.35219/awet.2018.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2018.05","url":null,"abstract":"In today's additive manufacturing sector, one of the most popular areas is selective laser melting (SLM) due to its capability of producing geometrically complex metal parts directly from CAD model in a few short steps. Many studies have been reported on static mechanical properties of SLM components; however, dynamic properties of SLM components of different materials have not been thoroughly investigated. Only few papers have been published on the dynamic mechanical behavior, especially in the crack resistance of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy. In the present study, the effect of loading rate, dynamic versus quasi static, on the fracture toughness of the as-built alloy (X and Z orientations) has been investigated. The experimental results revealed the inherently anisotropic behavior for loading rates where the Z orientation exhibited lower toughness compared to the x orientation. The dynamic loading by impact, resulted in a significant decrease of the toughness values up to about 50% compared to the quasi-static loading. This mechanical response was attributed to the increase in the yield stress which alters the state stress at the crack tip from the planestress to some extent of the mix-mode plane stress/strain.","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45257505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adeyemi, E. Akinlabi, Rasheedat Modupe Mahamood
This study investigates the influence of the quantity of tungsten powder on the microstructural evolution of 17-4 PH stainless steel-tungsten composite produced using laser metal deposition process. The 17-4 PH stainless steel and tungsten powders were deposited on 316 stainless steel substrate at laser power of 2600 W. The tungsten powder flow rate was varied between 0.5 rpm and 2.0 rpm while 17-4 PH stainless steel powder flow rate, the scanning speed, the gas flow rate and the laser spot size were fixed at 2.0 rpm, 0.5 m/s, 2.5 l/min and 2.0 mm respectively. Five (5) multiple tracks of 17-4 PH stainless steel and tungsten powder were deposited on316 stainless steel of 10 mm thickness from different hopper at 50% overlapping percentage to produce 17-4 PH SS-W composite. During the microstructural study, it was observed that tungsten carbide has been precipitated in-situ and evenly dispersed in the 17-4 PH SS-W composite produced. SEM and EDS analyses also revealed the presence of BCC alpha (α) ferrite and FCC gamma (δ) ferrite with the presence of sigma (σ) phase precipitates.
{"title":"Microstructural Evolution of Laser Metal Deposited 17-4 PH SS-Tungsten Composite with Varying Volume Percent Tungsten","authors":"A. Adeyemi, E. Akinlabi, Rasheedat Modupe Mahamood","doi":"10.35219/awet.2018.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2018.06","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the influence of the quantity of tungsten powder on the microstructural evolution of 17-4 PH stainless steel-tungsten composite produced using laser metal deposition process. The 17-4 PH stainless steel and tungsten powders were deposited on 316 stainless steel substrate at laser power of 2600 W. The tungsten powder flow rate was varied between 0.5 rpm and 2.0 rpm while 17-4 PH stainless steel powder flow rate, the scanning speed, the gas flow rate and the laser spot size were fixed at 2.0 rpm, 0.5 m/s, 2.5 l/min and 2.0 mm respectively. Five (5) multiple tracks of 17-4 PH stainless steel and tungsten powder were deposited on316 stainless steel of 10 mm thickness from different hopper at 50% overlapping percentage to produce 17-4 PH SS-W composite. During the microstructural study, it was observed that tungsten carbide has been precipitated in-situ and evenly dispersed in the 17-4 PH SS-W composite produced. SEM and EDS analyses also revealed the presence of BCC alpha (α) ferrite and FCC gamma (δ) ferrite with the presence of sigma (σ) phase precipitates.","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47010426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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