A. Stern, Y. Rosenthal, D. Richkov, O. Gewelber, D. Ashkenazi
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most widely used additive manufacturing (AM) technology for printing thermoplastic materials, among them the ABS. A significant problem of 3D-printed parts manufactured by AM-FFF is the anisotropy of their mechanical properties. Thus, it is of great importance to understand the impact of the build strategy of the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of AM-FFF ABS components. This research aims, at least partly, to fill this gap by studying the structure and mechanical behavior by performing fracture surface analysis of AM-FFF ABS specimens under the three-point bend test. For this purpose, three build orientations (flat, on-edge and upright), each built at 0°/90° and -45°/+45° raster angles and oblique printed samples (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75°) built at -45°/+45° raster angles were prepared. The results revealed that the build direction with the lowest density, the flexural modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, and deflection was in the upright direction for both 0°/90° and -45°/+45° raster orientations. Overall, two main failure modes were observed for the tested specimens: (1) inter-layer/inter-raster bond failure, which is the main contributor to failure of all upright samples and (2) intra-layer/trans-raster failure, which is the main contributor to failure of flat and on-edge specimens printed at -45°/+45° raster orientation. The results of the oblique printed samples demonstrate that a single crack initiation can transform into a few inter-laminar and intra-laminar fracture surfaces due to competing stress fields and structural gradients
{"title":"Mechanical Performance, Structure and Fractography of ABS Manufactured by the Fused Filament Fabrication Additive Manufacturing","authors":"A. Stern, Y. Rosenthal, D. Richkov, O. Gewelber, D. Ashkenazi","doi":"10.35219/awet.2022.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2022.01","url":null,"abstract":"Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most widely used additive manufacturing (AM) technology for printing thermoplastic materials, among them the ABS. A significant problem of 3D-printed parts manufactured by AM-FFF is the anisotropy of their mechanical properties. Thus, it is of great importance to understand the impact of the build strategy of the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of AM-FFF ABS components. This research aims, at least partly, to fill this gap by studying the structure and mechanical behavior by performing fracture surface analysis of AM-FFF ABS specimens under the three-point bend test. For this purpose, three build orientations (flat, on-edge and upright), each built at 0°/90° and -45°/+45° raster angles and oblique printed samples (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75°) built at -45°/+45° raster angles were prepared. The results revealed that the build direction with the lowest density, the flexural modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, and deflection was in the upright direction for both 0°/90° and -45°/+45° raster orientations. Overall, two main failure modes were observed for the tested specimens: (1) inter-layer/inter-raster bond failure, which is the main contributor to failure of all upright samples and (2) intra-layer/trans-raster failure, which is the main contributor to failure of flat and on-edge specimens printed at -45°/+45° raster orientation. The results of the oblique printed samples demonstrate that a single crack initiation can transform into a few inter-laminar and intra-laminar fracture surfaces due to competing stress fields and structural gradients","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48186997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to predict the temperatures on all surfaces of three-dimensional models using the ANSYS 15.0 program. Firstly, the temperatures from the welding centre to the edges of the models of two aluminium alloys (AA-7075 & AA-2024) welded by friction stir welding process were perceived. Secondly, the distribution of temperatures from the start of the welding process to its end and the derivation of equations to predict the distribution of temperatures with the time spent in the welding process, along with the distribution of temperatures with the distance from the centre of the welding process were observed at different travel speeds of the welding cart (TS = 20, 40, 60, 100 mm/sec) and different speeds of the welding tool (TRS=900, 1050, 1200 rpm). The results indicate that the temperature increases with the increase in the rotational speed of the welding tool, while the temperature decreases with the increase in the travel speed of the welding cart. Another result is that the temperature distribution is not symmetrical. The highest values are in the welding centre and decrease significantly as the welding centre is moved away, and the highest temperatures can be reached between (75 – 80%) in the welding centre from the melting point of the two aluminium alloys welded together. It was also found that the temperatures increase significantly twenty seconds after the beginning of the welding process and, afterwards, the increase is small, and three equations were derived to predict the temperature distribution.
{"title":"Mathematical Model for the Temperature Distribution on The Surface of Two Aluminum Alloys Welded by Friction Stir Welding","authors":"E. Karash, H. M. Ali, A. Hamid","doi":"10.35219/awet.2022.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2022.04","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to predict the temperatures on all surfaces of three-dimensional models using the ANSYS 15.0 program. Firstly, the temperatures from the welding centre to the edges of the models of two aluminium alloys (AA-7075 & AA-2024) welded by friction stir welding process were perceived. Secondly, the distribution of temperatures from the start of the welding process to its end and the derivation of equations to predict the distribution of temperatures with the time spent in the welding process, along with the distribution of temperatures with the distance from the centre of the welding process were observed at different travel speeds of the welding cart (TS = 20, 40, 60, 100 mm/sec) and different speeds of the welding tool (TRS=900, 1050, 1200 rpm). The results indicate that the temperature increases with the increase in the rotational speed of the welding tool, while the temperature decreases with the increase in the travel speed of the welding cart. Another result is that the temperature distribution is not symmetrical. The highest values are in the welding centre and decrease significantly as the welding centre is moved away, and the highest temperatures can be reached between (75 – 80%) in the welding centre from the melting point of the two aluminium alloys welded together. It was also found that the temperatures increase significantly twenty seconds after the beginning of the welding process and, afterwards, the increase is small, and three equations were derived to predict the temperature distribution.","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48613789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Chaturvedi, S. Arungalai Vendan, R. Sharanabasavaraj, V. Kachinsky, K. Ramesh Kumar
This paper presents the results of Non-Destructive Testing on Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welded mild steel tubes of 27mm OD and 1.5mm thickness. As part of this work, the tests covered were radiography, liquid penetrant, and magnetic particle testing. The testing results indicate that porosity, penetration levels and the defects found are within acceptable limits as per standard. For this experimental work, the selection of parameters was based on trial and error adopted in preliminary trials. The irregularities found in the non-destructive testing samples have enabled the fine-tuning of process parameters. The optimum values of hydraulic pressure, weld time and weld current are assessed to be 30-35bar, 5.5s and 150 A, respectively 270 A for this dimension of tubes. This work focuses on the experimental observations of MIAB welding and Non-destructive testing results for MS tubes of the selected dimension, which have not been reported in the existing literature. The achieved input forms the database for the parametric study of this process. The optimum parametric ranges obtained from the results can be extrapolated to be used for joining tubes of different dimensions and can also form the inputs for reaching parameter and response dependency equations.
{"title":"Non-Destructive Testing of Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt Welding of Mild Steel Tubes","authors":"M. Chaturvedi, S. Arungalai Vendan, R. Sharanabasavaraj, V. Kachinsky, K. Ramesh Kumar","doi":"10.35219/awet.2022.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2022.03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of Non-Destructive Testing on Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt (MIAB) welded mild steel tubes of 27mm OD and 1.5mm thickness. As part of this work, the tests covered were radiography, liquid penetrant, and magnetic particle testing. The testing results indicate that porosity, penetration levels and the defects found are within acceptable limits as per standard. For this experimental work, the selection of parameters was based on trial and error adopted in preliminary trials. The irregularities found in the non-destructive testing samples have enabled the fine-tuning of process parameters. The optimum values of hydraulic pressure, weld time and weld current are assessed to be 30-35bar, 5.5s and 150 A, respectively 270 A for this dimension of tubes. This work focuses on the experimental observations of MIAB welding and Non-destructive testing results for MS tubes of the selected dimension, which have not been reported in the existing literature. The achieved input forms the database for the parametric study of this process. The optimum parametric ranges obtained from the results can be extrapolated to be used for joining tubes of different dimensions and can also form the inputs for reaching parameter and response dependency equations.","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41586778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The base plate temperature ranks among the crucial building parameters whose effect on melt pool dimensions and porosity defects generation has not been sufficiently discussed in literature. In the current study, with the aim to explore the dependence between melt pool dimensions, porosity defects and base plate preheating, a 3-dimensional thermal finite element model is carried out to create IN718 single beads, at various base plate temperatures. The dimensions of the melt pool behave favourably with the base plate preheating. Indeed, the melt pool depth, width and length increase continuously with the heat of the base plate, from 20 °C to 500 °C. The melt pool width is more responsive to the base plate temperature than the melt pool depth. Numerical results also indicate that the melt dimensions become more responsive to the temperature of the base plate at a slower scan speed. The degree of porosity is predicted under multiple values of base plate temperature and the results show that porosity tends to disappear with further preheating of the base plate. A satisfying accordance between the numerical finding and the experimental results from literature is identified.
{"title":"Sensitivity of Melt Pool Size and Porosity Appearing to Base Plate Preheating in Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process","authors":"N. Hassinie, S. Chatti, Lioua Kolsi","doi":"10.35219/awet.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"The base plate temperature ranks among the crucial building parameters whose effect on melt pool dimensions and porosity defects generation has not been sufficiently discussed in literature. In the current study, with the aim to explore the dependence between melt pool dimensions, porosity defects and base plate preheating, a 3-dimensional thermal finite element model is carried out to create IN718 single beads, at various base plate temperatures. The dimensions of the melt pool behave favourably with the base plate preheating. Indeed, the melt pool depth, width and length increase continuously with the heat of the base plate, from 20 °C to 500 °C. The melt pool width is more responsive to the base plate temperature than the melt pool depth. Numerical results also indicate that the melt dimensions become more responsive to the temperature of the base plate at a slower scan speed. The degree of porosity is predicted under multiple values of base plate temperature and the results show that porosity tends to disappear with further preheating of the base plate. A satisfying accordance between the numerical finding and the experimental results from literature is identified.","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46872935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gas tungsten metal arc welding (GTAW) is used to study the effect of the base metal thickness, welding current and welding speed on the tensile strength and hardness of mild steel welding. The analysis found that base metal thickness had the highest effect and highest means of tensile strength and hardness of the welding. Taguchi’s design (TD) suggested using higher base metal thickness, lower welding current and higher welding speed when welding mild steel in order to obtain maximum tensile strength and hardness. The welding that has higher tensile strength showed higher hardness. However, the hardness increased proportionally with the increased internal stresses of the welding. The welding showed wider heat affected zone (HAZ) with the increase in internal stresses of the welding.
{"title":"Effect of GTAW on the Tensile Strength and Hardness of Mild Steel","authors":"S. Elfallah","doi":"10.35219/awet.2022.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2022.08","url":null,"abstract":"Gas tungsten metal arc welding (GTAW) is used to study the effect of the base metal thickness, welding current and welding speed on the tensile strength and hardness of mild steel welding. The analysis found that base metal thickness had the highest effect and highest means of tensile strength and hardness of the welding. Taguchi’s design (TD) suggested using higher base metal thickness, lower welding current and higher welding speed when welding mild steel in order to obtain maximum tensile strength and hardness. The welding that has higher tensile strength showed higher hardness. However, the hardness increased proportionally with the increased internal stresses of the welding. The welding showed wider heat affected zone (HAZ) with the increase in internal stresses of the welding.","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42776076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Devanathan, A. Suresh Babu, S. Senthil Murugan, E. Shankar, R. Giri
Welding is necessary in industries like light and heavy-duty manufacturing, construction, automotive, aerospace, maintenance, repair works, etc. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a recently created welding technique that is employed with a non-consumable pin in all of the above-mentioned production areas. The cross-sectional size and shapes of the pin are also showing a great impact on the properties of the joints. This review article begins with the history of welding methods and it covers the topics of welding evolution, principle, joining of similar and dissimilar materials using FSW, applications and defects, as well as the various process factors in managing the qualities of the welded joint. The necessity of FSW is inevitable as it shows a good response of the mechanical properties with solid state temperature. It is a versatile welding process that has the capacity to join numerous materials, beginning with aluminium alloys and moving on to magnesium alloys, steel, composites, polymers, and dissimilar metals combinations.
{"title":"Review of Joining Various Materials by FSW Process and Applications","authors":"C. Devanathan, A. Suresh Babu, S. Senthil Murugan, E. Shankar, R. Giri","doi":"10.35219/awet.2022.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2022.06","url":null,"abstract":"Welding is necessary in industries like light and heavy-duty manufacturing, construction, automotive, aerospace, maintenance, repair works, etc. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a recently created welding technique that is employed with a non-consumable pin in all of the above-mentioned production areas. The cross-sectional size and shapes of the pin are also showing a great impact on the properties of the joints. This review article begins with the history of welding methods and it covers the topics of welding evolution, principle, joining of similar and dissimilar materials using FSW, applications and defects, as well as the various process factors in managing the qualities of the welded joint. The necessity of FSW is inevitable as it shows a good response of the mechanical properties with solid state temperature. It is a versatile welding process that has the capacity to join numerous materials, beginning with aluminium alloys and moving on to magnesium alloys, steel, composites, polymers, and dissimilar metals combinations.","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44695239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. C. de Mendonça, D. K. Cavalcanti, H. D. de Queiroz, J. Neto, F. Chaves, M. Banea
Rapid prototyping (also known as additive manufacturing, AM) is a quickly developing process with increasing new applications in a large variety of industrial sectors (i.e., aerospace, automotive, medical, among others.) However, despite the great advantage of a decoupled price to part complexity of an AM fabricated structure, the material properties (largely governed by filament material and printing parameters) still present a significant limiting factor. In this context, the development of new filament materials for a wider range of applications has great potential. In this study, the influence of micro-scale filler reinforcement (powders), both natural (curauá) and synthetic (glass fibre), in the fabrication of an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) filament was evaluated. The filler was controlled by weight fraction (~1%) and the filament was fabricated via extrusion. A commercially available 3D printer was used to print tensile and flexural specimens for mechanical characterization as per ASTM standards. The fracture morphology was analysed after tensile testing via optical microscopy in order to evaluate the effect of the fillers on the material deposition and void formation. No significant variation in the tensile properties was reported, except for the strain at failure, while more significant flexural strength variation was observed as a function of filler material. The fillers presented a significant effect on the void density of the fractured surface. It was demonstrated that this simple fabrication technique can generate novel filament materials that may enhance the mechanical properties or widen the range of application (e.g., faster decomposition times in nature for single-use plastics due to the hydrophilic nature of the natural filler and lower water absorption of the hydrophobic synthetic filler for marine environment applications).
{"title":"Mechanical Characterization of Filler Modified ABS 3D Printed Composites Made via Fused Filament Fabrication","authors":"A. C. de Mendonça, D. K. Cavalcanti, H. D. de Queiroz, J. Neto, F. Chaves, M. Banea","doi":"10.35219/awet.2022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2022.02","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid prototyping (also known as additive manufacturing, AM) is a quickly developing process with increasing new applications in a large variety of industrial sectors (i.e., aerospace, automotive, medical, among others.) However, despite the great advantage of a decoupled price to part complexity of an AM fabricated structure, the material properties (largely governed by filament material and printing parameters) still present a significant limiting factor. In this context, the development of new filament materials for a wider range of applications has great potential. In this study, the influence of micro-scale filler reinforcement (powders), both natural (curauá) and synthetic (glass fibre), in the fabrication of an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) filament was evaluated. The filler was controlled by weight fraction (~1%) and the filament was fabricated via extrusion. A commercially available 3D printer was used to print tensile and flexural specimens for mechanical characterization as per ASTM standards. The fracture morphology was analysed after tensile testing via optical microscopy in order to evaluate the effect of the fillers on the material deposition and void formation. No significant variation in the tensile properties was reported, except for the strain at failure, while more significant flexural strength variation was observed as a function of filler material. The fillers presented a significant effect on the void density of the fractured surface. It was demonstrated that this simple fabrication technique can generate novel filament materials that may enhance the mechanical properties or widen the range of application (e.g., faster decomposition times in nature for single-use plastics due to the hydrophilic nature of the natural filler and lower water absorption of the hydrophobic synthetic filler for marine environment applications).","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43495156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. N. Avram, C. Davidescu, M. Dan, E. Stanciu, A. Pascu, J. Mirza-Rosca, H. Iosif
In this research, the electrochemical evaluation of NiCr/Ti laser cladded coatings in simulated polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) environment was investigated. The Laser Cladding technique was used to develop protective coatings on mild steel substrate using NiCr-based powders mixed with 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20 wt.% Ti additions. The samples were tested at room temperature in Na2SO4 0.1M + 0.1 ppm F-. The potentiodynamic polarization curves are presented before and after the samples were subjected to accelerated stress tests, for 6 hours each, at +0.736 V (cathodic environment) and at -0.493 V (anodic environment). Afterwards, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the effect of Ti addition in terms of morphology. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was performed for chemical evaluation of the surface after corrosion tests.
{"title":"Influence of Titanium Additions on The Electrochemical Behaviour of NiCr/Ti Laser Cladded Coatings","authors":"D. N. Avram, C. Davidescu, M. Dan, E. Stanciu, A. Pascu, J. Mirza-Rosca, H. Iosif","doi":"10.35219/awet.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the electrochemical evaluation of NiCr/Ti laser cladded coatings in simulated polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) environment was investigated. The Laser Cladding technique was used to develop protective coatings on mild steel substrate using NiCr-based powders mixed with 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20 wt.% Ti additions. The samples were tested at room temperature in Na2SO4 0.1M + 0.1 ppm F-. The potentiodynamic polarization curves are presented before and after the samples were subjected to accelerated stress tests, for 6 hours each, at +0.736 V (cathodic environment) and at -0.493 V (anodic environment). Afterwards, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the effect of Ti addition in terms of morphology. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was performed for chemical evaluation of the surface after corrosion tests.","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44891437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resistance spot welding is a technique applied to join two or more similar or dissimilar metals, by applying pressure and electric current to the spot-weld area. Based on the electrical resistance property of metals, a great amount of heat is generated and used to carry out materials joints, by creating a molten metal nucleus between the components to be welded. The influence of an interlayer material, positioned between the parent materials, on the strength of similar or dissimilar welded joints was studied by researchers worldwide. In most cases, by optimising the process parameters, an increase in the welded joint strength was achieved. In this paper, the resistance spot welding of 1mm thick E304 stainless steel sheets, both with and without a copper foil interlayer, was investigated, by applying, in all cases, the same process parameters. The tensile test of the joints showed a decrease in the strength of joints performed with interlayer metal. A method to control the deterioration level of the joint’ mechanical properties is the Finite Element Analysis which allows to optimise the process parameters so that the negative effects of the process on the joint quality to be limited. It was found that an increase in amperage is needed to compensate for the addition of the interlayer metal and to obtain an adequate melting in the spot-weld area. This modification causes an increase of the molten core diameter that will lead to improvement of the welded joint strength, while no significant influence on the internal stress level was noticed in the processing and numerical analysis of the output data.
{"title":"Numerical Modelling of Thermo-Mechanical Effects Developed in Resistance Spot Welding of E304 Steel with Copper Interlayer","authors":"D. Bîrsan, G. Simion","doi":"10.35219/awet.2022.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35219/awet.2022.07","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance spot welding is a technique applied to join two or more similar or dissimilar metals, by applying pressure and electric current to the spot-weld area. Based on the electrical resistance property of metals, a great amount of heat is generated and used to carry out materials joints, by creating a molten metal nucleus between the components to be welded. The influence of an interlayer material, positioned between the parent materials, on the strength of similar or dissimilar welded joints was studied by researchers worldwide. In most cases, by optimising the process parameters, an increase in the welded joint strength was achieved. In this paper, the resistance spot welding of 1mm thick E304 stainless steel sheets, both with and without a copper foil interlayer, was investigated, by applying, in all cases, the same process parameters. The tensile test of the joints showed a decrease in the strength of joints performed with interlayer metal. A method to control the deterioration level of the joint’ mechanical properties is the Finite Element Analysis which allows to optimise the process parameters so that the negative effects of the process on the joint quality to be limited. It was found that an increase in amperage is needed to compensate for the addition of the interlayer metal and to obtain an adequate melting in the spot-weld area. This modification causes an increase of the molten core diameter that will lead to improvement of the welded joint strength, while no significant influence on the internal stress level was noticed in the processing and numerical analysis of the output data.","PeriodicalId":39009,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Fascicle XII, Welding Equipment and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47760985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：