Educacion Quimica最新文献

Understanding of tuberculosis (TB) requires students to identify some critical points. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a peculiar bacterium mainly transmitted by inhaling infectious droplets expelled when coughing, talking and sneezing. One of the least understood aspects is that, following the exposure to the infectious droplets, a third of the people develop a latent pulmonary infection. The last means that some people control, rather than eliminate, the bacteria; therefore, some of them can later develop the TB disease, especially when they present an immunological deficiency. The key is to recognize the cell-mediated immunity as a determining factor in the course of the latent or active infection and that the antibodies, the complement system and the phagocytosis by non-activated macrophages result irrelevant in the defense against TB.

Another major concern is the effect of multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant strains. Management of multidrug resistant -TB and extensively drug resistant -TB is more complicated due the long treatment periods and the elevated costs.

Drug discovery is a complex and expensive process where different research areas converge. Computational methods have been part of the multidisciplinary efforts and their principles should be included in courses of Medicinal Chemistry. In a given project, the application of computational approaches depends on the information available for the system and the specific goals of the study. Computational approaches have made key contributions to perform efficient analyses of data, filtering compounds collections to select molecules for experimental screening, generate hypothesis to understand the mechanism of action of drugs, and the design of new chemical structures. In addition, computational methods have made significant contributions to develop drugs that are in clinical use. However, there are several challenges to face. Addressing these challenges promote innovation and improvement of methodologies that form part of the multidisciplinary effort to develop drugs.

The use of ICT in education does not imply innovation per se, since these technologies can be used to maintain immutable educational models, and therefore the adequacy and scope of the incorporation must be analyzed. In order to provide elements for the reflection on the possibilities of incorporating tools to support teaching and learning processes, the results from an investigation carried out within the Department of Organic Chemistry of the Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, are analyzed. This paper discusses the use of wikies as a tool for the Organic Chemistry Laboratory course corresponding to the third year of all careers offered by the Faculty of Chemistry (Universidad de la República) through the students’ reports, the platform registers and the opinions expressed by the course participants.

The teaching-learning process in traditional college education uses strategies that place the student as a recipient of information transmitted by the teacher, which is conceptualized as knowledge. The reality in which we live requires generating training solutions to meet the needs of individuals in the development of skills or know-how to respond to society, to form individuals capable of learning to learn and learning to transfer, prepared to continually seek knowledge and able to create and innovate. In this paper, the results of the implementation of the strategy ‘Reproducing an Innovation Environment in the Classroom’ (RAIS) in courses of the Chemical Engineering curriculum, in Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida-Venezuela are presented. This is a strategy of teaching, learning and assessment in which the student is a co-participant in the construction and generation of knowledge, developing the skills proposed in the course by the execution of a product. RAIS strategy was applied in the courses of Physical Chemistry for Chemical Engineers, Industrial Chemistry I and Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, where students obtained a finished product using the know-how in the area of each course. This strategy led to an increase in motivation over other courses based on lectures, and the development of the ability to function and find solutions in multidisciplinary groups workplaces. It is important to note that more than 80% of students said the RAIS strategy contributes to their personal development and training for applied research.

The radioactivity is more known for adverse effects by the explosion of atomic bombs in World War II, but also has features beneficial to health care since it serves for the early diagnosis of diseases to your treatment. This paper presents, from a perspective of chemical education, the fundamental concepts of the Emission of Positron Tomography (PET). Also explains the process of production of radiopharmaceuticals for PET, in particular ¹⁸F. Also, different types of radiopharmaceuticals used for diagnosis of oncological, neurological and cardiac diseases are discussed. The use and clinical applications of this method of Imaging is already a reality in Mexico since 2005. It is expected students and teachers of the area chemical biological sciences achieve a better understanding and an overview of the scope and applications that this technique can have.

Henry Enfield Roscoe (1833–1915), together with Robert Bunsen, his mentor, carried on fundamental research in photochemistry, determining its laws and quantitative effects. His most important studies were on the chemistry of vanadium, uranium, tungsten, and molybdenum, their oxides and oxychlorides, carrying on, for the first time, their synthesis and separation. He also did important studies on public heath. His academic activities transformed Owens College (Victoria University) into the leading chemistry school in Britain.

The term nanotechnology refers to a number of disciplines intended to study materials and structures at the nanoscale. One of the most important areas of nanotechnology is nanomedicine, which is focused in great extent on the design and development of drug delivery systems. These drug delivery platforms can display very sophisticated properties and unique features, and are considered as the revolution of the conventional chemotherapies, specifically those to treat cancer. In this work we review the concept of nanomedicine and its application on the design of nanocarriers of antineoplastic drugs and highlight some aspects that have to be addressed to translate the drug delivery platforms in to devices with possibilities to reach clinical trials.

A review of the methods developed within Theoretical Chemistry to study matter in many spatial and temporal scales is presented. The scientific career of a well known theoretical chemist is used to show how the astonishing advances that have been achieved in four decades in the development of theories, codes (algorithms) and computer technology allow nowadays the reliable study of the electronic structure of systems whose sizes were unmanageable forty years ago. It is emphasized that the central difficulty in studying Chemistry from a theoretical perspective is that, in every scale, one deals with a many-body problem whose solution and comprehension are still an unsolved and fascinating scientific challenge.