Constructed wetland (CW) has shown great application prospects for treating heavy metal pollutants of wastewater. In the present review, we make a comprehensive and critical analysis of recent progress for treating heavy metal pollutants with vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs). We focused on the effects of variety factors on the efficiency of VFCWs for treating heavy metal pollutants. In addition, we also give new insight into the future development trend and challenges of VFCWs for the treatment of heavy metal pollutants at the end of the paper.
{"title":"Recent advances of vertical-flow constructed wetlands for heavy metal pollution treatment","authors":"Chuqiu Chen","doi":"10.1117/12.2646216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2646216","url":null,"abstract":"Constructed wetland (CW) has shown great application prospects for treating heavy metal pollutants of wastewater. In the present review, we make a comprehensive and critical analysis of recent progress for treating heavy metal pollutants with vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs). We focused on the effects of variety factors on the efficiency of VFCWs for treating heavy metal pollutants. In addition, we also give new insight into the future development trend and challenges of VFCWs for the treatment of heavy metal pollutants at the end of the paper.","PeriodicalId":390588,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128809110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the Closed Internal Combustion HCCI Engine Simulator model in CHEMKIN, this paper simulates the NOx emission of a four-stroke single-cylinder non-supercharged 135 diesel engine operating at different exhaust gas circulation rates and temperatures. Simulation experiments and analysis find that when the exhaust gas is cooled, the maximum temperature of in-cylinder combustion and the emission of NOx decrease with the increase of the exhaust gas circulation rate; when the recirculated exhaust gas is not cooled, the maximum temperature of the in-cylinder combustion barely changes with different exhaust gas circulation rates, and the NOx emission will not be greatly decreased.
{"title":"Simulating the influence of EGR on NOx emission of the diesel engine with CHEMKIN","authors":"Liwei Zhao","doi":"10.1117/12.2646085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2646085","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the Closed Internal Combustion HCCI Engine Simulator model in CHEMKIN, this paper simulates the NOx emission of a four-stroke single-cylinder non-supercharged 135 diesel engine operating at different exhaust gas circulation rates and temperatures. Simulation experiments and analysis find that when the exhaust gas is cooled, the maximum temperature of in-cylinder combustion and the emission of NOx decrease with the increase of the exhaust gas circulation rate; when the recirculated exhaust gas is not cooled, the maximum temperature of the in-cylinder combustion barely changes with different exhaust gas circulation rates, and the NOx emission will not be greatly decreased.","PeriodicalId":390588,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127335968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catalysts based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are more and more used in catalytic industry these days. Herein, we listed three articles in which the authors did research on MOF catalysts that point on different metal-organic chemical reactions, including Heck reactions and electroreduction reactions. We also claimed the different analysing methods on monitoring the reaction process and characterizing the compositions and structures of the catalysts.
{"title":"The research progress of catalysts based on metal organic frameworks","authors":"R. Sun","doi":"10.1117/12.2646214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2646214","url":null,"abstract":"Catalysts based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are more and more used in catalytic industry these days. Herein, we listed three articles in which the authors did research on MOF catalysts that point on different metal-organic chemical reactions, including Heck reactions and electroreduction reactions. We also claimed the different analysing methods on monitoring the reaction process and characterizing the compositions and structures of the catalysts.","PeriodicalId":390588,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133179199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ocean, covering 70% of the earth’s surface, is regarded as one of the largest reservoirs of renewable energy. Especially, the waves, with violent fluctuations, are widely distributed on the ocean, producing enormous energy yet to be fully exploited. Wave energy is known as clean, renewable energy in the global energy field with broad prospects. Its wide distribution, enormous content and high quality enable the wave energy to possess tremendous potential value in the global energy market. However, the wave energy faces the inevitable issues of relatively low efficiency and instability, and it still requires further scientific researches and more practical tests before fully exploiting the potential value. In this report, the development and current situation of wave energy are mainly discussed, including the history, implementations, environmental impacts, economics. Our group aims to gather comprehensive information about the wave energy, analyze the multiple impacts of the implementations and find out the promising field in the future development of wave energy.
{"title":"Wave energy: history, implementations, environmental impacts, and economics","authors":"Hangfei Li, Xiwen Sun, Hui Zhou","doi":"10.1117/12.2646119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2646119","url":null,"abstract":"The ocean, covering 70% of the earth’s surface, is regarded as one of the largest reservoirs of renewable energy. Especially, the waves, with violent fluctuations, are widely distributed on the ocean, producing enormous energy yet to be fully exploited. Wave energy is known as clean, renewable energy in the global energy field with broad prospects. Its wide distribution, enormous content and high quality enable the wave energy to possess tremendous potential value in the global energy market. However, the wave energy faces the inevitable issues of relatively low efficiency and instability, and it still requires further scientific researches and more practical tests before fully exploiting the potential value. In this report, the development and current situation of wave energy are mainly discussed, including the history, implementations, environmental impacts, economics. Our group aims to gather comprehensive information about the wave energy, analyze the multiple impacts of the implementations and find out the promising field in the future development of wave energy.","PeriodicalId":390588,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121335250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Against the backdrop of global warming, countries around the world have taken action under the call of the United Nations to reform and innovate various industries with the primary goal of achieving carbon neutrality. China proposes to achieve carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. From the perspective of wastewater treatment plants, carbon neutrality can be achieved by increasing the organic matter in sludge. In this paper, four methods for increasing sludge organic matter are discussed, such as the improvement of rainwater and sewage combined flow systems, front-end screening chemical oxygen demand (COD), A/B method – A section COD concentration, and anaerobic co-digestion. The basic principles, application, and effects of these methods are compared to give some strategies for increasing the energy recovery from sewage sludge.
{"title":"Methods for increasing sludge organic matter in sewage treatment plants","authors":"Qianchen Wang","doi":"10.1117/12.2646115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2646115","url":null,"abstract":"Against the backdrop of global warming, countries around the world have taken action under the call of the United Nations to reform and innovate various industries with the primary goal of achieving carbon neutrality. China proposes to achieve carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. From the perspective of wastewater treatment plants, carbon neutrality can be achieved by increasing the organic matter in sludge. In this paper, four methods for increasing sludge organic matter are discussed, such as the improvement of rainwater and sewage combined flow systems, front-end screening chemical oxygen demand (COD), A/B method – A section COD concentration, and anaerobic co-digestion. The basic principles, application, and effects of these methods are compared to give some strategies for increasing the energy recovery from sewage sludge.","PeriodicalId":390588,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126245962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a kind of excellent performance of film-forming material, widely used in the field of medicine, and food. In order to explore the dissolved in the ethanol-water mixed solvent process, this paper uses the molecular simulation method to study the influence of molecular interaction of PVA-water-ethanol content when the concentration of ethanol changes and calculate the solubility parameters, the radial distribution function and coordination number of the hybrid system. The results show that all substances in the ternary system could form hydrogen bonds with each other, and with the increase of ethanol content, the hydrogen bond between PVA-water and water-ethanol gradually strengthened, indicating that PVA has good hydrophilic properties. In high concentration ethanol solution, the coordination number of PVA-water is larger than that of PVA-ethanol, which further demonstrates the above conclusion. The research on polyvinyl alcohol in this work will be of great value to the selection of solvent in the preparation process of film agent.
{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation of PVA in alcohol-water mixed solvent","authors":"Guangyu Yang","doi":"10.1117/12.2646175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2646175","url":null,"abstract":"Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a kind of excellent performance of film-forming material, widely used in the field of medicine, and food. In order to explore the dissolved in the ethanol-water mixed solvent process, this paper uses the molecular simulation method to study the influence of molecular interaction of PVA-water-ethanol content when the concentration of ethanol changes and calculate the solubility parameters, the radial distribution function and coordination number of the hybrid system. The results show that all substances in the ternary system could form hydrogen bonds with each other, and with the increase of ethanol content, the hydrogen bond between PVA-water and water-ethanol gradually strengthened, indicating that PVA has good hydrophilic properties. In high concentration ethanol solution, the coordination number of PVA-water is larger than that of PVA-ethanol, which further demonstrates the above conclusion. The research on polyvinyl alcohol in this work will be of great value to the selection of solvent in the preparation process of film agent.","PeriodicalId":390588,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126591825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lithium metal has good specific capacity and low reduction potential, and is one of the most favourable battery cathode materials. However, some problems still exist. For example, lithium may react with the electrolyte to cause short circuits, its ionic conductivity may not meet people's expectations, and its dendrite and unstable electrolyte interface will have security problems, so it can not be widely used. In order to make better use of the characteristics of the battery and avoid the shortages of the battery, this article will introduce four methods to improve the quality of the battery according to four different articles. The main ideas of the four articles are proposing a special upright structure using in the coiled Li anode, demonstrating a sol−gel based synthesis procedure that makes the templating agent by using a block copolymer and a homo-polymer as the extra carbon source, producing solid-state polymer electrolytes that keep conformal interfacial intercourse with the whole cell constituents and keeping an eye on the air-stable LixSiSy protection layer that using a solution-based method to form in situ on the face of the lithium. By proposing various new methods, we can find out the relationship between them and make good use of their advantages to help explore more whole batteries. Therefore, this paper will provide novel and useful solutions to battery problems, so that people can learn more about lithium metal batteries.
{"title":"Research progress on improving the quality of lithium batteries","authors":"Peng Xiao","doi":"10.1117/12.2646156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2646156","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium metal has good specific capacity and low reduction potential, and is one of the most favourable battery cathode materials. However, some problems still exist. For example, lithium may react with the electrolyte to cause short circuits, its ionic conductivity may not meet people's expectations, and its dendrite and unstable electrolyte interface will have security problems, so it can not be widely used. In order to make better use of the characteristics of the battery and avoid the shortages of the battery, this article will introduce four methods to improve the quality of the battery according to four different articles. The main ideas of the four articles are proposing a special upright structure using in the coiled Li anode, demonstrating a sol−gel based synthesis procedure that makes the templating agent by using a block copolymer and a homo-polymer as the extra carbon source, producing solid-state polymer electrolytes that keep conformal interfacial intercourse with the whole cell constituents and keeping an eye on the air-stable LixSiSy protection layer that using a solution-based method to form in situ on the face of the lithium. By proposing various new methods, we can find out the relationship between them and make good use of their advantages to help explore more whole batteries. Therefore, this paper will provide novel and useful solutions to battery problems, so that people can learn more about lithium metal batteries.","PeriodicalId":390588,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125228397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
β-blockers are a type of emerging chemical in the last century which is widely used for various purposes. And β-blockers are mostly used in the medical field to cure several diseases and they also could be used in the early stage of cancer. However,β-blockers could also be applied as a stimulant in sports, which leads to unfairness in sports. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the plausible alternatives in order to determine β-blockers efficiently with high sensitivity and better Limit of Detection (LOD). Electrochemical techniques are the ones with the highest efficiency, sensitivity, conductivity, and accuracy. Among those electrodes, the electrodes based on carbon material stand out owing to their high conductivity, inexpensive price, high sensitivity, and flexibility. In this regard, it mainly analyses some electro analytical techniques for determining β-blockers based on carbon-based electrodes evidenced by previous research. The flexibility of each method and the advantages of modification were also emphasized. In addition, the potential and prospect of the future are summarized.
{"title":"A view on electrochemical methods of determining β-blockers by utilizing carbon-based electrodes","authors":"Wotu Ni","doi":"10.1117/12.2646023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2646023","url":null,"abstract":"β-blockers are a type of emerging chemical in the last century which is widely used for various purposes. And β-blockers are mostly used in the medical field to cure several diseases and they also could be used in the early stage of cancer. However,β-blockers could also be applied as a stimulant in sports, which leads to unfairness in sports. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the plausible alternatives in order to determine β-blockers efficiently with high sensitivity and better Limit of Detection (LOD). Electrochemical techniques are the ones with the highest efficiency, sensitivity, conductivity, and accuracy. Among those electrodes, the electrodes based on carbon material stand out owing to their high conductivity, inexpensive price, high sensitivity, and flexibility. In this regard, it mainly analyses some electro analytical techniques for determining β-blockers based on carbon-based electrodes evidenced by previous research. The flexibility of each method and the advantages of modification were also emphasized. In addition, the potential and prospect of the future are summarized.","PeriodicalId":390588,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125691550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article summarizes the types of phase change materials and analyzes the typical applications of phase change materials in building envelopes. The phase change latent heat energy storage system possesses the characteristics of stable working temperature, simple process flow and high heat accumulation density. This kind of materials can be integrated with buildings in a variety of ways, using their own heat release/heat absorption characteristics to release and store thermal energy, thereby increasing the utilization rate of renewable energy. Studies have shown that the phase change heat storage unit can effectively improve the thermal comfort of the indoor environment, reduce indoor temperature fluctuations and the waste of building energy. On the basis of previous research on phase change materials in walls, roofs, floors and windows of building envelopes, the paper analyzes the existing research findings on energy-saving heat accumulation buildings. Finally, the future research directions of phase change materials are prospected.
{"title":"The research progress in the application of phase change materials for building energy conservation","authors":"Long Ma","doi":"10.1117/12.2646186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2646186","url":null,"abstract":"This article summarizes the types of phase change materials and analyzes the typical applications of phase change materials in building envelopes. The phase change latent heat energy storage system possesses the characteristics of stable working temperature, simple process flow and high heat accumulation density. This kind of materials can be integrated with buildings in a variety of ways, using their own heat release/heat absorption characteristics to release and store thermal energy, thereby increasing the utilization rate of renewable energy. Studies have shown that the phase change heat storage unit can effectively improve the thermal comfort of the indoor environment, reduce indoor temperature fluctuations and the waste of building energy. On the basis of previous research on phase change materials in walls, roofs, floors and windows of building envelopes, the paper analyzes the existing research findings on energy-saving heat accumulation buildings. Finally, the future research directions of phase change materials are prospected.","PeriodicalId":390588,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116800628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heavy metals are common pollutants. The migration and toxicity of heavy metals are related to their forms. Organometal complex is one form of heavy metals. In recent years, there are more studies on heavy metals but less on Organo-metal complexes. Organo-metal complexes formed by the direct connection of metal atoms and carbon atoms. This paper illustrates the formation and influencing factors of Organo-metal complexes. Through literature study, it is found that the formation of organo-metal complexes is affected by pH, microbial and UV. Meanwhile, the formation of Organo-metal complexes will affect the migration and transformation of heavy metals. Organo-metal complexes are widely dispersed physically and chemically. The ecological risks of Organo-metal complexes are explained from the aspects of plants and humans. Organo-metal complexes can transport through the food chain from plants to animals and eventually accumulate in humans. The formation and transformation of Organo-metal complexes are important components of biogeochemical cycle. Studying the formation process and influencing factors of Organo-metal complexes not only provides a new method for metal poisoning, but also gives a new approach for the treatment of heavy metal pollution and the restoration of natural environment.
{"title":"Environmental behavior and ecological impact of organo-metal complexes","authors":"Xingyu Yang","doi":"10.1117/12.2646213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2646213","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals are common pollutants. The migration and toxicity of heavy metals are related to their forms. Organometal complex is one form of heavy metals. In recent years, there are more studies on heavy metals but less on Organo-metal complexes. Organo-metal complexes formed by the direct connection of metal atoms and carbon atoms. This paper illustrates the formation and influencing factors of Organo-metal complexes. Through literature study, it is found that the formation of organo-metal complexes is affected by pH, microbial and UV. Meanwhile, the formation of Organo-metal complexes will affect the migration and transformation of heavy metals. Organo-metal complexes are widely dispersed physically and chemically. The ecological risks of Organo-metal complexes are explained from the aspects of plants and humans. Organo-metal complexes can transport through the food chain from plants to animals and eventually accumulate in humans. The formation and transformation of Organo-metal complexes are important components of biogeochemical cycle. Studying the formation process and influencing factors of Organo-metal complexes not only provides a new method for metal poisoning, but also gives a new approach for the treatment of heavy metal pollution and the restoration of natural environment.","PeriodicalId":390588,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Materials Chemistry and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130084191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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