City, Culture and Society最新文献

This article examines the legitimation of capital city relocation from a discursive perspective. It specifically focuses on how policymakers in developing countries often use boosters' language to legitimize the relocation of capital city functions. Drawing on critical discourse analysis as a theoretical frame and Egypt as a case, this article examines the ways in which government and property developers have succeeded in weaving the logics of the New Administrative Capital (NAC) into Greater Cairo's broader development discourse. The study highlights policy actors' legitimation strategies, locating them within the broader urban boosterism and south-south policy transfer literature. By emphasizing on policy actors' use of texts and imagery at the local level, the article demonstrates how discourse, as an instrument of power and control, is used by policy entrepreneurs to perpetuate non-participation in Global South urban policy-making.

The spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) has meant that street performers can no longer perform on the street. This has changed the landscape for the exchange for money between a street performer and their audience. The paper uses a unique data set from the online busking platform ‘The Busking Project’ (https://busk.co) to analyse whether sign up by performers to the platform and donation by individuals to street performers through the platform has changed since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The results show a lift both in street performers signing up to the platform and in individuals' donations to street performers after the announcement. The recovery of cities and the cultural economy from COVID-19 will not be immediate. As we move to a post COVID-19 world our results have implications for performers, for donors and for (local) governments as street performers return to the street.

As a long tradition in urban studies made clear, the production of urban space is twofold: users continuously reshape what a contentious political process produces at first. The struggle around conflictual memories invests cities increasingly by marking spots or reshaping places to reconstruct or re-signify past events.

The politics of memory deploy a combination of argumentative, emotional and ordinary arguments. The intent is neither preserving nor deleting but re-writing memories. However, places interfere with the political and argumentative strategies making room for ordinary uses that question the stability of meanings, although not providing political answers to the issues of power and domination.

The paper introduces sense-making to suggest that places reinforce the social processes that build collective memories. The relationship between memory and place is not unidirectional. Briefly, a social process infuses place and this latter ‘hits back’. This statement leads to the apparent odd conclusion that, in the long term, place-making is as essential as the reframing of memory.

A few initiatives involving institutions, human rights movements and bottom-up initiatives in Buenos Aires are investigated: a clandestine detention centre, a memorial garden, an ordinary urban square, aiming at developing an analytical framework that highlights the details of the sense-making mechanism linking memories and places.

This study interrogates and evaluates how current transformations in Temuco's neighbourhoods promote social and spatial diversity-in terms of the mix of land uses, housing types, urban activities, and socioeconomic characteristics of residents. Based on neighbourhood classification criteria by the National Institute of Statistics of Chile (INE), two neighbourhoods (Villa Llaima and Banco Estado1-Carabineros) in Temuco were selected for detailed study. Both spatial and Social Variables data were collected using land use maps and structured individual interviews with 100 households in the two communities. By measuring spatial and social diversity in the neighbourhoods based on Shannon's Diversity Index, the study showed that the transformations of Villa Llaima and Banco Estado1-Carabineros between 1990 and 2018 represent social and spatial dimensions of diverse urban spaces. However, However, the diversities generated have not been work out to improve connectedness and social cohesion in the two neighbourhoods. The lack of development control at the neighbourhood level, the lack of appropriate codes to address the land use mix, and the lack of neighbourhood review of projects were identified as factors contributing to the poor state of neighbourhood cohesion. Policy recommendations are offered for improving and leveraging existing diversity for place-making.

This paper is conceptually positions the emergence of the neoliberal city in the context of transitions to late-capitalism. The aim of this study is to understand intersections between explicit and implicit cultural policy dimensions focusing on the Rijeka2020 programme as intended and how it was restructured as a response to COVID-19. Through cultural policy analysis, this ex-ante qualitative case study of the Rijeka2020 programme illuminates overlapping explicit and implicit policy priorities of the ECoC—offering a unique insight into what could potentially be the future of the European cultural policy. Rijeka2020 can be seen as a changing point amidst different rhetoric, analysed around three themes (regeneration, legacy, and participation). Results examine how Rijeka's culture-led urban regeneration agenda was shy on creative industry oriented programming, yet reinforced through capital cultural infrastructural projects. Through attempts to avoid event-led spectacle, officials planned to engage more at the neighbourhood-scale using participatory art practices that concentrated on capacity building. Important take-away points address shifts from culture-oriented regeneration to local participatory art practices is a step towards reconstructing the cultural sector upstream (based on production) and downstream (through reception).

Private art galleries, due to their often short-lived nature stemming from the uncertainties inherent in the art world, constitute a good indicator of changes taking place within the urban space. The spatial patterns of their locations are the outcome of an interplay between the spatial choices of individual entities that respond to opportunities and constraints in different parts of the city. Such spatial patterns also reflect artistic hierarchies and oppositions within the field of visual arts, where artist-oriented and market-oriented art galleries represent different artistic communities (local, non-local) and generations (younger and aspiring, older and recognized). As a result, distinct art gallery clusters (market-oriented and artist-oriented) emerge and shape into spatial structures, which might be conceptualised as the territorial field of art. This concept is used here in a broad survey of the art gallery landscape of Krakow, a large city in southern Poland. This offers a unique opportunity to follow the development of an art gallery scene in a city widely associated with art and from the very moment when, in 1989, the newly introduced political and economic freedoms replaced the strict control of the communist regime removing barriers preventing the operation of commercial galleries and non-profit art spaces. The study involved building of a detailed database that enabled tracing the spatial choices (locations and relocations) of art galleries as far back as in the 1980s and then from 1989 to 2019. Along the detailed data review a qualitative analysis of reports in the press and on the internet provided an insight into the spatial contexts and motivations behind spatial decisions during different time periods. Four primary art gallery clusters were identified and their phases of emergence, growth and decline observed over the three decades were found to have been mutually interconnected, as well as linked with the broader functional changes developing in different parts of the inner city and with distinct artistic and spatial preferences of the successive generations of young artists and gallery owners representing them.

Despite discourses on how digital platforms have democratized access to the market there is increasing evidence on their role in boosting concentration, as recommender algorithms and digital reputation tools usually favour a small clique of top users, this may include short term rental platforms. There is also mounting evidence regarding the production of negative externalities connected to the proliferation of Airbnb (and similar services). Our contribution investigates the political economy of concentration in Airbnb leveraging the lens of urban studies while problematizing digital platforms as key contemporary infrastructures.

Using a dataset of 6,5 million reviews from Inside Airbnb we estimate a) yearly revenue and listing concentration b) the proportion of listings which are more likely to feed negative externalities in the housing sector eg. those listing full houses and those having high availability in twelve European cities. Starting from a simple measure of a phenomenon that has hardly been quantized in recent literature, we dissect the role of STR platforms in urban political economy.

Historic buildings contribute an important part of the cultural capital of urban heritage areas. Better understanding the benefits for both users and for non-users can aid efficient allocation of resources to the preservation of heritage. Benefit transfer (BT) is an established cost-effective method for assigning economic values to public goods which have no market price, such as local heritage. BT takes stated preference data (willingness to pay (WTP)) elicited through surveys of relevant populations collected at multiple sites to produce an average or adjusted WTP value that is representative to comparable sites. Yet the empirical record is sparse for heritage assets. Consequently, BT is commonly applied without consideration of the error introduced by the transfer, or by transferring values from single-site studies, which introduces the risk of outlier bias. Our approach simultaneously collects WTP estimates from multiple heritage sites using an online survey tailored to the context of each site. This enables application of a comprehensive range of BT tests to the values obtained. We find that transfer error across the heritage sites surveyed is within accepted thresholds of error, providing confidence in the bank of values for transfer to comparable sites. We provide practical guidance on how the values obtained through our method can be applied by practitioners and government analysts, and outline the trade-offs between bulk data collection of multiple sites in a single category of cultural heritage.

This paper discusses the challenges inherent in the valuation of the social benefits of urban regeneration projects. The transformation of cities involves public and private investments, whose returns should include calculation of social benefits. Since traditional financial methodologies do not allow to capture the large and complex set of benefits, typically accruing to citizens in terms of quality of life, the application of non-market valuation methods such as Contingent Valuation (CV) and Hedonic Pricing (HP) offers an innovative opportunity. Here we analyse inhabitants' and city users' responses to the regeneration project of the Navigli canal network in Milan to understand how urban communities value such transformations. The Municipality of Milan proposed the project to restore the canal network in 2018 to enhance recreational amenities, improve environmental quality, and reduce negative externalities. While the political benefit from restoring the canals is clear, public and private benefits from the scheme need to be assessed to ensure the scheme's long-term sustainability. This paper presents an assessment (CV) of the socio-economic benefits associated to the reopening of the first section of the Navigli canal network, based on analysis of the views of 583 residents and city users, and compares these results with those of a HP method application developed by Boscacci et al. (2017). The paper explores whether the joint use of CV and HP could overcome their mutual weaknesses, providing a coherent methodology for assessing efficiency and effectiveness of policies and projects.

In proposing strategies for urban development in cities and towns with significant cultural heritage assets, there is considerable scope for implementation of projects involving rehabilitation of heritage as an alternative to demolition and replacement. Such projects are particularly relevant in cases where the heritage is concentrated in a historic core that is subject to deterioration or to relentless encroachment by urban expansion. In recent years there has been increasing interest in the possibilities for heritage-led investment as an effective means of generating a range of economic, social and cultural benefits while maintaining and enhancing the integrity of a city's historic assets. This paper outlines a methodology for evaluating these impacts and applies it to the case of the historic centre of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. The results indicate the significant potential for a program of heritage-led investment in Historic Jedda as a focus for further rehabilitation of the World Heritage site.