City, Culture and Society最新文献

This article presents a systematic literature review on urban heritage. It analyses (a) how urban heritage is conceptualized and interpreted in academic research, (b) urban heritage management modes. This literature review interprets urban heritage as a resource, collective memory, and space. It categorizes urban heritage management practice into six management modes according to stakeholders' collaboration levels: community-led, expert-coordinated, government-led, conflict-resolution, and privatization. These modes are analyzed based on different political regimes. The review observes five approaches to conceptualizing urban heritage: researching people's perspectives towards urban heritage, framing urban heritage, tracing the process of urban heritage forming, reviewing international policies and charters, and exploring the functions of urban heritage. Finally, for the future research agenda, the article recommends a focus on the following themes: the causal relations between factors and effects of adopting different urban heritage modes, researching community engagement and interactions between different levels of government, and analyzing conflict-resolution processes systematically.

The far right has now entered into the mainstream politics of nearly every European country, yet we have confirmed little about the social context in which far-right parties thrive. While most of the literature assumes that far-right sympathies are driven by economic or cultural grievance, this paper looks to cities and contact theory. Recent advances suggest that even indirect or vicarious intergroup contact can reduce prejudice toward out-groups such as migrants. Urban theorists, as well, have long argued that urban design can influence social outcomes by promoting or discouraging interaction between residents. This paper applies this literature to the rise of the far right, which often scapegoats out-groups in its rhetoric. Using data from 73 cities in Spain, we find that residents of cities rich in continuous urban fabric—which promotes contact—are less likely to consider voting for the far right but that this relationship is weaker in highly segregated cities.

This study investigates the impact of the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) Wrocław 2016 on the growth of creative industries in the city. The research involved surveying managers of local enterprises in Wrocław's creative sectors, focusing on their opinions regarding the expected benefits of the ECoC and its potential influence on the companies' economic development in the future.

The findings indicate that most respondents believed the ECoC positively impacted local development by fostering new artistic endeavours and promoting local entertainment companies. They also perceived significant economic effects, including increased demand for cultural goods and services and increased spending on culture and entertainment. Instead, opinions on company development were primarily influenced by the long-term investment climate that involves multiple factors. The ECoC indirectly contributed to this climate by redirecting local policies towards further cultural expansion, creating a more welcoming environment for cultural industries, and triggering spillover effects in this sector.

Thus, the study argues that the ECoC title is not a direct catalyst for developing cultural industries in Wrocław. Rather, it represents the culmination of a long-term strategy to establish the city as a cultural hub, effectively enhancing this sector of the local economy.

It is widely recognized that Cape Town remains a segregated city, with an affluent elite minority around the central business district and surrounding suburbs, and where the majority of its around four million residents live in the sprawl that makes up the rest of the city. Much of the focus of municipalities has been on how infrastructure can enable just and sustainable urban transitions, and we argue that heritage, seen as a core socio-cultural, material and metaphysical infrastructure, can play a role in this too. The value of working collectively, collaborating inclusively, and co-producing constructively, is now widely accepted as useful tactics for approaching policy making and implementation in local contexts. This article reflects on our (the authors) collaboration, paying particular attention to the co-production of a policy framing note entitled ‘Heritage sustainability and urban development: Valuing tangible and intangible heritage as drivers of placemaking’. We argue that there is a necessary and urgent shift from heritage protection and conservation to heritage justice located within a ‘southerning’ and intersectional feminist approach to action-oriented scholarship. We reflect on our approach to collaboration as deploying caring and care-full tactics of official activism within the City of Cape Town. Ultimately, we propose that these qualities of coproduction, rooted in a shared politics of heritage-based urban justice and sustainability can strengthen how heritage can be mobilized for action in municipalities.

In recent times, there has been a global emergence of tactical and temporary urban interventions as a novel approach to enhancing local neighborhoods with minimal risks. These interventions include various activities in the built environment, such as street art, pop-up shops, urban festivals, gardening, and seasonal markets. This trend has garnered the attention of both scholars and policymakers due to its growing popularity. The academic literature often refers to these interventions as tactical urbanism (TU), pop-up urbanism, temporary urbanism, DIY urbanism, and guerrilla urbanism. This paper examines temporary urban interventions as urban catalysts to further explore their potential in enhancing urban spaces in a Middle Eastern context, focusing on Amman, Jordan. The study employs purposeful critical sampling, semi-structured interviews, and the Urban Catalyst model to identify and categorize the implementation mechanisms of several interventions into tactics and strategies. The research findings suggest a potential outline for strategic and tactical implementation approaches that may support the understanding of the interventions by practitioners, policymakers, and tacticians. The study concludes by highlighting actions that actors can take to manage, experiment with, and utilize tactical and temporary interventions in Amman.

Hong Kong has long been home to immigrants and citizens of South Asian background, popularly known as ‘ethnic minorities’. Young Muslim men are both ethnically and religiously stigmatized in the contemporary conjuncture as the bearers of patriarchal masculinities and radical Islamism in Asia, as elsewhere. This paper looks at the ways in which young Muslim men of South Asian background perform their masculinities in Hong Kong. My analysis focuses on differentiated capacities for mobility, embodied practices of Muslim manhood as well as complex entanglements of desire, fear and safety to understand the ways in which ethno-religious difference of minority populations are produced, experienced and accommodated through embodied ethno-religious encounters in Asian cities. Through my ethnographic fieldwork with young Muslim South Asian men in Hong Kong, I explore how these youth draw from different cultural traditions and engage various discourses of pious subjectivity to negotiate an unstable politics of belonging in Hong Kong. My findings point to the importance of transnational moral geographies operating at multiple scales in regulating embodied encounters with, as well as constant (mis)recognition and negotiation of, cultural difference in ‘Asia's world city’.

In the accommodation sector, the sharing economy has caused a change of lifestyle that has led to gentrification. This paper chose Bandung City as a case study as the city is one of Indonesia's creative centres and tourism destinations. This study identifies the increasing number of Airbnb listings and how it relates to gentrification. Two sources of data are used: Airbnb and the economic and demographic data in Bandung City. We construct the gentrification index and present the non-parametric tests on the impact of Airbnb on gentrification. The analysis demonstrates the gentrification process in the fringe area near tourist attractions and residential areas, which differs from cities in developed countries. Our findings suggest that Airbnb listings may lead to tourism gentrification in peripheral and residential areas. This study proposes the importance of identification and policies on gentrification development to hinder over-tourism in peripheral and second-tier cities in developing countries.

The importance and effectiveness of adaptive reuse as an alternative to the demolition of cultural heritage is well-studied. However, increasing demand in cities to redevelop larger scale urban historic sites requires new strategies to benefit from their inherent values. This paper focuses on strategies of regeneration for historic urban sites. The paper presents a systematic literature review of 45 papers, with case studies geographically concentrated in Europe and Asia, and a focus on residential, commercial, and industrial areas. From the case studies, 46 different regeneration strategies have been deduced. The various strategies are, via content analysis, dissected into a select number of drivers to find commonalities. These key drivers are user participation, top-down, genius loci, sustainability, and conversion. Based on the reflections of the reviewed authors, a performance evaluation assesses the outcomes of these strategies. Further data analysis is conducted at the level of individual drivers as well as their combinations to deduce the most positive-evaluated strategies. Findings show that genius loci contributes to the most positive-evaluated strategies, while top-down driven strategies contribute to the most negative-evaluated strategies. Furthermore, strategies are assessed positively when three or more drivers are considered regardless of their combination. This paper acts as a starting point for further research into the formation of regeneration strategies and into the specific drivers and their combinations or underlying relations. Moreover, it can be of contribution to the practice, to support decision makers and urban planners in developing the appropriate regeneration strategy for historic urban sites.

This article examines the impact of screen media and digital technology on creative placemaking efforts in Vancouver's Chinatown. It reviews interdisciplinary research on placemaking as relational, networked practices that navigate conflicts and aspire towards social inclusion while operating in an urban context where diverse populations are engaged in daily interactions that cross ethnic and linguistic boundaries. A discussion of the placemaking initiatives of the collective Youth Collaborative for Chinatown (YCC) illustrates the ethos of grassroots placemaking practices in Vancouver's Chinatown and the way they intervene into competing discourses of heritage, multiculturalism, and gentrification. The main case study analyzes 360 Riot Walk, a historical walking tour in Vancouver's Chinatown designed by media artist Henry Tsang, focusing on the project's use of screen media and digital technology to provoke experiences of discomfort and unbelonging. The conclusion reflects on the importance of feeling “out of place” in placemaking efforts that engage with traumatic histories.