Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.52794/hujpharm.1306922
Muammer Çalikuşu, Gülbin Özçelikay
Abstract Drug shortage is defined as a lack of supply of a medicinal product that affects the patient's ability to access the necessary treatment when they need it. The origins of this deficiency are complex and varied, and both supply and demand can cause the problem. Drug shortages affect every stakeholder of the health system, and collaborative efforts are needed to manage and reduce deficiencies. This study determined the reasons for the drug shortages, their incidence, the most affected drug groups, the precautions taken, and their effects on treatment. The research is in a survey model and quantitative type. A questionnaire form prepared by the researchers was used as a data collection tool in the study. The questionnaire form was sent to community and hospital pharmacists via the Internet. Volunteers were asked to participate. 107 people, including 90 community pharmacists and 17 hospital pharmacists, participated in the research. In our study, the participants listed the essential causes of drug shortage as problems in the supply of raw materials (78.5%), production problems (53.3%), and increased demand for some drugs (29%). Early warning systems should be developed and integrated into relevant processes, ensuring a consistent supply of drugs to prevent drug shortages. Ensuring this structure requires the cooperation of all professionals, institutions, and organizations involved in the national and international health system.
{"title":"Opinions of pharmacists in Turkiye on drug shortages and effects on treatment","authors":"Muammer Çalikuşu, Gülbin Özçelikay","doi":"10.52794/hujpharm.1306922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1306922","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000Drug shortage is defined as a lack of supply of a medicinal product that affects the patient's ability to access the necessary treatment when they need it. The origins of this deficiency are complex and varied, and both supply and demand can cause the problem. Drug shortages affect every stakeholder of the health system, and collaborative efforts are needed to manage and reduce deficiencies. This study determined the reasons for the drug shortages, their incidence, the most affected drug groups, the precautions taken, and their effects on treatment. The research is in a survey model and quantitative type. A questionnaire form prepared by the researchers was used as a data collection tool in the study. The questionnaire form was sent to community and hospital pharmacists via the Internet. Volunteers were asked to participate. 107 people, including 90 community pharmacists and 17 hospital pharmacists, participated in the research. In our study, the participants listed the essential causes of drug shortage as problems in the supply of raw materials (78.5%), production problems (53.3%), and increased demand for some drugs (29%). Early warning systems should be developed and integrated into relevant processes, ensuring a consistent supply of drugs to prevent drug shortages. Ensuring this structure requires the cooperation of all professionals, institutions, and organizations involved in the national and international health system.","PeriodicalId":39138,"journal":{"name":"Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.52794/hujpharm.1243959
Gökçen ÖZLER, İsmail AĞIRBAŞ
It is thought that it is important to reveal the contribution of pharmaceutical consumption to health outcomes because the share of pharmaceutical expenditures in health expenditures is quite high and the debate about controlling healthcare costs. The study aims to examine the relationship between pharmaceutical consumption and the health status of EFPIA member countries with canonical correlation analysis. It was found that the health status of the EFPIA member countries and their pharmaceutical consumption were strongly correlated (rc=75.9). According to canonical cross loadings, the variable of life expectancy at birth (0.846), which has the strongest relationship with its own set, also establishes the strongest relationship with pharmaceutical consumption (0.642). The pharmaceutical consumption dataset remarkably correlates with antidepressant use and lipid use, respectively. According to canonical cross loadings, antidepressant use, which had the strongest association with its own set, had the strongest association with the health status dataset (0.592). This research provides evidence that pharmaceutical consumption and the health status of EFPIA member countries are positive associated. It is thought that the potential of pharmaceutical-related interventions can be exploited as a way to improve the health status.
{"title":"THE INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHARMACEUTICAL CONSUMPTION AND HEALTH STATUS","authors":"Gökçen ÖZLER, İsmail AĞIRBAŞ","doi":"10.52794/hujpharm.1243959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1243959","url":null,"abstract":"It is thought that it is important to reveal the contribution of pharmaceutical consumption to health outcomes because the share of pharmaceutical expenditures in health expenditures is quite high and the debate about controlling healthcare costs. The study aims to examine the relationship between pharmaceutical consumption and the health status of EFPIA member countries with canonical correlation analysis. It was found that the health status of the EFPIA member countries and their pharmaceutical consumption were strongly correlated (rc=75.9). According to canonical cross loadings, the variable of life expectancy at birth (0.846), which has the strongest relationship with its own set, also establishes the strongest relationship with pharmaceutical consumption (0.642). The pharmaceutical consumption dataset remarkably correlates with antidepressant use and lipid use, respectively. According to canonical cross loadings, antidepressant use, which had the strongest association with its own set, had the strongest association with the health status dataset (0.592). This research provides evidence that pharmaceutical consumption and the health status of EFPIA member countries are positive associated. It is thought that the potential of pharmaceutical-related interventions can be exploited as a way to improve the health status.","PeriodicalId":39138,"journal":{"name":"Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy","volume":"69 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.52794/hujpharm.1327025
Aymelek GÖNENÇ, Hülya KARA
ABSTRACT
Netrin-1 is a laminin-like protein that is secreted. It plays a role in the development of the nervous system and is also involved in processes such as cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, differentiation, apoptosis, metastasis, and invasion. DCC, neogenin, and UNC5 receptor families form the main receptors of netrin-1. These receptors have a dual role depending on the presence or absence of netrin-1. Netrin-1 influences carcinogenesis through signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, ERK/MAPK, Notch, and NF-kB. Netrin-1 receptor interactions are effective in cancer cell viability and carcinogenesis mechanisms. Overall, overexpression of netrin-1 and loss of its receptors promote carcinogenesis. Netrin-1 is involved in apoptosis through different receptors. Changes in the expression of DCC and UNC5H receptors affect cancer cell growth and metastasis. Loss of expression in dependent receptors is observed in advanced stages of various tumors. Neogenin is associated with migration and metastasis in tumors. Studies have shown that netrin-1 influences tumor development in various cancers such as gastric cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, and glioblastoma. Overexpression of netrin-1 is associated with poor prognosis and decreased overall survival. Netrin-1 levels are reported to be higher in patient groups compared to healthy control groups and decrease with chemotherapy. The mechanism of netrin-1 and its receptors in tumor development is not clear due to their different effects. This article summarizes research findings presenting the role and position of netrin-1 in various cancers.
{"title":"Netrin-1 ve Reseptörlerinin Çeşitli Kanserlerdeki Rolü","authors":"Aymelek GÖNENÇ, Hülya KARA","doi":"10.52794/hujpharm.1327025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1327025","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT
 Netrin-1 is a laminin-like protein that is secreted. It plays a role in the development of the nervous system and is also involved in processes such as cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, differentiation, apoptosis, metastasis, and invasion. DCC, neogenin, and UNC5 receptor families form the main receptors of netrin-1. These receptors have a dual role depending on the presence or absence of netrin-1. Netrin-1 influences carcinogenesis through signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT, ERK/MAPK, Notch, and NF-kB. Netrin-1 receptor interactions are effective in cancer cell viability and carcinogenesis mechanisms. Overall, overexpression of netrin-1 and loss of its receptors promote carcinogenesis. Netrin-1 is involved in apoptosis through different receptors. Changes in the expression of DCC and UNC5H receptors affect cancer cell growth and metastasis. Loss of expression in dependent receptors is observed in advanced stages of various tumors. Neogenin is associated with migration and metastasis in tumors. Studies have shown that netrin-1 influences tumor development in various cancers such as gastric cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, and glioblastoma. Overexpression of netrin-1 is associated with poor prognosis and decreased overall survival. Netrin-1 levels are reported to be higher in patient groups compared to healthy control groups and decrease with chemotherapy. The mechanism of netrin-1 and its receptors in tumor development is not clear due to their different effects. This article summarizes research findings presenting the role and position of netrin-1 in various cancers.","PeriodicalId":39138,"journal":{"name":"Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy","volume":"68 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136281851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this present study was to design and develop a Buspirone hydrochloride loaded matrix type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) with four natural gum polymers such as Guar gum, Gellan gum, Xanthan gum, Karaya gum. A total of twelve batch of matrix patches were formulated with above stated polymers and other excipient like Glycerin, Propylene glycol (PG), Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as plasticizer. These all batches were characterized by evaluation parameters which including drug content, flatness, thickness, uniformity of weight, folding endurance, moisture content, moisture uptake and to determine the amount of Buspirone hydrochloride present in the matrix of patches in vitro dissolution study of all twelve formulations were performed. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique and Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC) carried out to determine interaction between Buspirone HCl and excipients which are present in patch. Permeation study of patch of Buspirone HCl was performed in Franz's diffusion cell to evaluate In-vitro skin permeation and it was found that batch G3 shows 98.89% permeability. After evaluating all batches and based on results which are obtained characterization and In-Vitro dissolution it was concluded that patches containing natural polymers are not showing any interaction and better release study.
{"title":"Development and evaluation of buspirone hyrdochloride loaded transdermal patch using natural polymers","authors":"Meshva PATEL, Mehul PATEL, Komal PARMAR, Tejal SONİ, Dr. Bhanubhai SUHAGİA","doi":"10.52794/hujpharm.1214109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1214109","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this present study was to design and develop a Buspirone hydrochloride loaded matrix type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) with four natural gum polymers such as Guar gum, Gellan gum, Xanthan gum, Karaya gum. A total of twelve batch of matrix patches were formulated with above stated polymers and other excipient like Glycerin, Propylene glycol (PG), Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as plasticizer. These all batches were characterized by evaluation parameters which including drug content, flatness, thickness, uniformity of weight, folding endurance, moisture content, moisture uptake and to determine the amount of Buspirone hydrochloride present in the matrix of patches in vitro dissolution study of all twelve formulations were performed. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique and Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC) carried out to determine interaction between Buspirone HCl and excipients which are present in patch. Permeation study of patch of Buspirone HCl was performed in Franz's diffusion cell to evaluate In-vitro skin permeation and it was found that batch G3 shows 98.89% permeability. After evaluating all batches and based on results which are obtained characterization and In-Vitro dissolution it was concluded that patches containing natural polymers are not showing any interaction and better release study.","PeriodicalId":39138,"journal":{"name":"Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy","volume":"57 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.52794/hujpharm.1374319
Pelin Nur ÜÇKAN, Gülşah KARAKAYA, Beyza DÜZLEYEN, Canan SEVİMLİ GÜR, Mutlu AYTEMİR
Mannich bases synthesized from kojic acid have been determined in extensive studies conducted by our study group that they have a wide variety of biological activities.
In this study, new anticancer-active compounds were synthesized from compounds with high anticancer activity. The compounds' structures were identified through the utilization of spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses. The cytotoxicity screening of the compounds were done by MTT assay on different human cancer cell lines.
Compound 1 bearing iodomethyl moiety, showed remarkable cytotoxicity with IC50 values in the range of 8.11 and 21.24 µg/mL. The IC50 value on Vero (African green monkey kidney epithelial) is over 100 µg/mL which means low cytotoxicity against healthy cells. Compared to this, SK-MEL cells have 12 times less IC50 value, with a therapeutic index over 12. The closest cytotoxic effectivity to KOJI MG84 which is previously reported as a cytotoxic agent, is observed on the SK-MEL cell line in compound 1, with 4 times less cytotoxic activity.
{"title":"Synthesis and Investigation of Cytotoxicity in Different Cell Lines of Novel Hydroxypyranones","authors":"Pelin Nur ÜÇKAN, Gülşah KARAKAYA, Beyza DÜZLEYEN, Canan SEVİMLİ GÜR, Mutlu AYTEMİR","doi":"10.52794/hujpharm.1374319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1374319","url":null,"abstract":"Mannich bases synthesized from kojic acid have been determined in extensive studies conducted by our study group that they have a wide variety of biological activities. 
 In this study, new anticancer-active compounds were synthesized from compounds with high anticancer activity. The compounds' structures were identified through the utilization of spectroscopic methods and elemental analyses. The cytotoxicity screening of the compounds were done by MTT assay on different human cancer cell lines.
 Compound 1 bearing iodomethyl moiety, showed remarkable cytotoxicity with IC50 values in the range of 8.11 and 21.24 µg/mL. The IC50 value on Vero (African green monkey kidney epithelial) is over 100 µg/mL which means low cytotoxicity against healthy cells. Compared to this, SK-MEL cells have 12 times less IC50 value, with a therapeutic index over 12. The closest cytotoxic effectivity to KOJI MG84 which is previously reported as a cytotoxic agent, is observed on the SK-MEL cell line in compound 1, with 4 times less cytotoxic activity.","PeriodicalId":39138,"journal":{"name":"Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy","volume":"41 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.52794/hujpharm.1361472
Elif DENİZ, Fuat KARAKUŞ, Burak KUZU
Tau, a protein associated with microtubules, is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and promotes the polymerization, assembly, and stability of microtubules. Hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins leads to intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which are the pathological hallmark of numerous neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) and are collectively referred to as "tauopathies". The most notable kinase identified in tau phosphorylation is glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). Among the GSK-3 isoforms, GSK-3β has been linked to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for these diseases. In this study, the literature and databases (e.g., HIT 2.0, PubChem, and ChEMBL) were searched for potential inhibitory drugs against GSK-3β and found 58 drugs. The drugs were filtered according to physicochemical-pharmacological properties and toxicity profiles via SwissADME, pkCSM, and ProTox-II, free web tools. After pre-filtration, molecular docking was performed against GSK-3β (PDB ID: 5K5N) with the remaining seven drugs (Nabumeton, Loxoprofen, Ketoprofen, Oxytetracycline, Benzoyl Peroxide, Naproxen, and Epinephrine Hydrochloride). According to the results, nabumetone had the best binding energy (-7.39 kcal/mol) and inhibition ability at the lowest concentration (3.8 µM) against GSK-3β among the seven drugs [compared to PF-04802367 (PDB ID: 6QH), a highly selective brain-penetrant kinase inhibitor]. Nabumetone is an NSAID used to treat some arthritis, postoperative pains, and dysmenorrhea. Our results suggest that nabumetone may be a potential inhibitor of GSK-3β.
{"title":"GSK-3β inhibitörleri için in siliko ilaç yeniden konumlandırma","authors":"Elif DENİZ, Fuat KARAKUŞ, Burak KUZU","doi":"10.52794/hujpharm.1361472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1361472","url":null,"abstract":"Tau, a protein associated with microtubules, is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and promotes the polymerization, assembly, and stability of microtubules. Hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins leads to intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, which are the pathological hallmark of numerous neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) and are collectively referred to as \"tauopathies\". The most notable kinase identified in tau phosphorylation is glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). Among the GSK-3 isoforms, GSK-3β has been linked to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for these diseases. In this study, the literature and databases (e.g., HIT 2.0, PubChem, and ChEMBL) were searched for potential inhibitory drugs against GSK-3β and found 58 drugs. The drugs were filtered according to physicochemical-pharmacological properties and toxicity profiles via SwissADME, pkCSM, and ProTox-II, free web tools. After pre-filtration, molecular docking was performed against GSK-3β (PDB ID: 5K5N) with the remaining seven drugs (Nabumeton, Loxoprofen, Ketoprofen, Oxytetracycline, Benzoyl Peroxide, Naproxen, and Epinephrine Hydrochloride). According to the results, nabumetone had the best binding energy (-7.39 kcal/mol) and inhibition ability at the lowest concentration (3.8 µM) against GSK-3β among the seven drugs [compared to PF-04802367 (PDB ID: 6QH), a highly selective brain-penetrant kinase inhibitor]. Nabumetone is an NSAID used to treat some arthritis, postoperative pains, and dysmenorrhea. Our results suggest that nabumetone may be a potential inhibitor of GSK-3β.","PeriodicalId":39138,"journal":{"name":"Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy","volume":"14 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135509580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.52794/hujpharm.1269999
Volodymyr Shvets, Hanna Maslak, V. Davydov, Halyna Berest, Inna Nosulenko, O. Voskoboinik, Liudmyla Omeli̇anchyk, Oleksandr Brazhko
The effects of the Aronia melanocarpa extract on mitochondrial creatine kinase isoenzyme of the old rats heart under stress were studied. The research was performed on 30 male rats of the Wistar line. For expiriment were used old (22–25 months) animals. It was established, that the injection of the extract (Aronia melanocarpa) at a dose of 0.2 g/kg 60 minutes before the immobilization has limited sensitivity of the heart muscle’s CPK-MT to damaging stress factors (reduced medium pH, increased medium tonicity, increased concentration of calcium, activated free radical processes), and helps the normalization of its kinetic properties, has an influence on the myocardium’s kinetic supply. Thus, the extract of Aronia melanocarpa increases the myocardial resistance to the injury effect of stress.
{"title":"Effects of the Aronia Melanocarpa extract action on the activity of mitochondrial creatine kinase under immobilization stress in old rats","authors":"Volodymyr Shvets, Hanna Maslak, V. Davydov, Halyna Berest, Inna Nosulenko, O. Voskoboinik, Liudmyla Omeli̇anchyk, Oleksandr Brazhko","doi":"10.52794/hujpharm.1269999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1269999","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of the Aronia melanocarpa extract on mitochondrial creatine kinase isoenzyme of the old rats heart under stress were studied. The research was performed on 30 male rats of the Wistar line. For expiriment were used old (22–25 months) animals. It was established, that the injection of the extract (Aronia melanocarpa) at a dose of 0.2 g/kg 60 minutes before the immobilization has limited sensitivity of the heart muscle’s CPK-MT to damaging stress factors (reduced medium pH, increased medium tonicity, increased concentration of calcium, activated free radical processes), and helps the normalization of its kinetic properties, has an influence on the myocardium’s kinetic supply. Thus, the extract of Aronia melanocarpa increases the myocardial resistance to the injury effect of stress.","PeriodicalId":39138,"journal":{"name":"Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139321021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.52794/hujpharm.1140865
D. Kavitha, R. Padmini, V. Alekhya, C. Gopi, M. Dhanaraju
This study was intended to assess the acute toxicity of hydroalcoholic leaf exact of Syringodium isoetifolium seagrass on brine shrimp, zebrafish and Wistar albino rats. The extract of different concentrations were used for brine shrimp (0.01-5 mg/ml in propylene glycerol/Tween 80/ water (4:1:4), zebrafish (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/ml), and female albino Wistar rat (500, 1000, 2000, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg) study. The control group received distilled water and the studies were carried out as per the OECD guidelines. The experimental subjects were observed individually for the first 24 hours, with special attention given during the first four hours, thereafter for a prescribed duration. The results of brine shrimp exhibited increased mortality with increasing concentration of the extract. Maximum mortality occurred at 1000 µg/ml and the least mortalities happened at 1 µg/ml concentration. Whereas no mortality and physical damage were identified in the zebrafish and Wistar albino rats irrespective of the concentration. The study revealed that the extract was found to be a toxic effect on brine shrimp due to the poor elimination of cytotoxic substances from the body at high concentrations and elimination freely at low concentrations. No toxicity was exerted on other study subjects.
{"title":"Comparative acute toxicity study of Syringodium isoetifolium on aquatic and rodent experimental animals","authors":"D. Kavitha, R. Padmini, V. Alekhya, C. Gopi, M. Dhanaraju","doi":"10.52794/hujpharm.1140865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1140865","url":null,"abstract":"This study was intended to assess the acute toxicity of hydroalcoholic leaf exact of Syringodium isoetifolium seagrass on brine shrimp, zebrafish and Wistar albino rats. The extract of different concentrations were used for brine shrimp (0.01-5 mg/ml in propylene glycerol/Tween 80/ water (4:1:4), zebrafish (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/ml), and female albino Wistar rat (500, 1000, 2000, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg) study. The control group received distilled water and the studies were carried out as per the OECD guidelines. The experimental subjects were observed individually for the first 24 hours, with special attention given during the first four hours, thereafter for a prescribed duration. The results of brine shrimp exhibited increased mortality with increasing concentration of the extract. Maximum mortality occurred at 1000 µg/ml and the least mortalities happened at 1 µg/ml concentration. Whereas no mortality and physical damage were identified in the zebrafish and Wistar albino rats irrespective of the concentration. The study revealed that the extract was found to be a toxic effect on brine shrimp due to the poor elimination of cytotoxic substances from the body at high concentrations and elimination freely at low concentrations. No toxicity was exerted on other study subjects.","PeriodicalId":39138,"journal":{"name":"Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83897359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-22DOI: 10.52794/hujpharm.1198613
Marwan S. Al-Nimer, Saeed A. S. AL-ZUHAIRY
Several studies have reported the association of diabetes mellitus with epilepsy. With respect to the management of diabetes–epilepsy patients, these studies pointed out the beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet. Ketogenic diets may have antiepileptic properties as the utilization of ketone bodies in the brain instead of glucose delays or inhibits the degradation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase, and thereby enhances the concentration of GABA. By restoring normal intracerebral GABA levels and reducing the cerebral inflammation linked to epilepsy, metformin is useful in preventing seizures. Sitagliptin is one of the dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4 inhibitors, which have a positive impact on epilepsy in experimental animal models with pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, by reducing reactive oxygen species, (antioxidant effect), normalization of GABA level, suppression of neuroinflammation (autophagy) and reduced neuronal damage (antiapoptotic effect). Weight gain is a well-known side effect of anti-seizure medications. Sodium valproate can cause dyslipidemia and inhibit glucose transporter-1 in the brain, putting patients with epilepsy and diabetes at risk of developing atherosclerosis. It's worth looking at how ferroptosis and autophagy contribute to the etiology of diabetes and epilepsy, as well as how antiepileptics and antidiabetics alter these pathological processes. Therefore, it was worth performing a narrative-review on the effects of antiepileptics on diabetes, the effect of antidiabetics on epilepsy, as well the net results of antiepileptic–antidiabetic interactions in those patients.
{"title":"Antiepileptics pharmacotherapy or antidiabetics may hold potential in treatment of epileptic patients with diabetes mellitus: A narrative review","authors":"Marwan S. Al-Nimer, Saeed A. S. AL-ZUHAIRY","doi":"10.52794/hujpharm.1198613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1198613","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have reported the association of diabetes mellitus with epilepsy. With respect to the management of diabetes–epilepsy patients, these studies pointed out the beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet. Ketogenic diets may have antiepileptic properties as the utilization of ketone bodies in the brain instead of glucose delays or inhibits the degradation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase, and thereby enhances the concentration of GABA. By restoring normal intracerebral GABA levels and reducing the cerebral inflammation linked to epilepsy, metformin is useful in preventing seizures. Sitagliptin is one of the dipeptidyl dipeptidase-4 inhibitors, which have a positive impact on epilepsy in experimental animal models with pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, by reducing reactive oxygen species, (antioxidant effect), normalization of GABA level, suppression of neuroinflammation (autophagy) and reduced neuronal damage (antiapoptotic effect). Weight gain is a well-known side effect of anti-seizure medications. Sodium valproate can cause dyslipidemia and inhibit glucose transporter-1 in the brain, putting patients with epilepsy and diabetes at risk of developing atherosclerosis. It's worth looking at how ferroptosis and autophagy contribute to the etiology of diabetes and epilepsy, as well as how antiepileptics and antidiabetics alter these pathological processes. Therefore, it was worth performing a narrative-review on the effects of antiepileptics on diabetes, the effect of antidiabetics on epilepsy, as well the net results of antiepileptic–antidiabetic interactions in those patients.","PeriodicalId":39138,"journal":{"name":"Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80578872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.52794/hujpharm.1109147
Demet Engi̇n, S. Timur, Stela Muçaj, R. N. Gürsoy
Opioidler, kendi reseptörlerine bağlanarak gösterdikleri ağrı kesici etkisi nedeniyle, binlerce yıldır ağrı tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde kullanımları daha kontrollü olarak hala devam etmektedir. Ancak yan etkileri ve bağımlılık potansiyelleri nedeniyle hastaların izlenmesi gerekmektedir. Araştırmacılar tarafından, insan vücudunda doğal olarak sentezlenen ve opioid benzeri etkilere yol açan endojen opioid peptidleri bulunmuştur. Bu peptidlerin sentetik analogları da sentezlenmektedir. Bu bileşikler kimyasal yapılarından dolayı hidrofiliktir, yük taşırlar ve oral olarak uygulanmaları kısıtlıdır. Bu nedenle formülasyon için farklı yaklaşımlar geliştirilmiştir. Peptid tabanlı hidrojel sentezlenmesi ve bileşiğin hidrojele konjuge edilmesi, peptidin kumarinik asit temelli siklik bir ön ilaca dönüştürülmesi yaklaşımları stabil olmayan opioid peptidleri enzimatik parçalanmadan korur. Peptidin bir nanopartiküle yüklenmesi ve lipozomal nanotaşıyıcıların kullanılmasında nanoteknolojiden yararlanılmıştır. Multiveziküler lipozomlar (DepoFoam) kullanılarak cerrahi sonrası ağrı yönetiminde peptid temelli ilaç uygulanması mümkündür. Opioid peptidler, tedavide faydalanılabilecek birçok endikasyona sahiptir. Peptidlerin formülasyonunda çok çeşitli teknolojiler kullanılmaktadır ve bu çalışmalardan umut verici sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
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