African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies最新文献

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Determinants of psychoactive substance use among incarcerated delinquents in Nigeria 尼日利亚在押少年犯使用精神活性物质的决定因素

Q4 Medicine

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies

Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V11I2

Nw Ebiti, J. Ike, T. Sheikh, D. Lasisi, O. Babalola, S. Agunbiade

The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of psychoactive substance use among incarcerated delinquents in Nigeria and its determinants. The total inmate population of 401 individuals were interviewed over a period of four weeks using an interviewer administered questionnaire that assessed for socio demographic, forensic, and drug use history among other variables. All the respondents were males, with a mean age of 20.6 ± 3.1 years, ranging from 12 to 39 years and had spent an average of 16.1 ± 9.9 months. The average age of first use was 12.6 ± 5.9 years. The prevalence of lifetime and current use of any substance was 88.0% and 64.3% respectively. Prior arrest, being sexually active and family drug use significantly (p<0.05) predicted lifetime use of any substance while being raised in a monogamous family was protective. Prior arrest, family drug use, and being sexually active significantly (p<0.05) increased lifetime use of illicit substances while being raised from a monogamous home significantly (p<0.05) reduced same. Prior arrest and substance use before incarceration significantly (p<0.05) predicted current use of any substance. Being sexually active and substance use before incarceration significantly (P<0.05) predicted current use of illicit substances while high self esteem and being the first born was protective. Since substance use prevalence is high among incarcerated delinquents, the incorporation of substance abuse screening and treatment as part of their programmeme is advocated. Key Words : Substance use, delinquents, incarceration, Nigeria,

该研究的目的是确定尼日利亚在押少年犯中精神活性物质使用的流行程度及其决定因素。在为期四周的时间里，对401名囚犯进行了访谈，访谈采用了一份由采访者管理的问卷，评估了社会人口学、法医和药物使用史等变量。调查对象均为男性，平均年龄20.6±3.1岁，年龄12 ~ 39岁，平均住院时间16.1±9.9个月。平均首次使用年龄为12.6±5.9岁。终生和当前使用任何物质的患病率分别为88.0%和64.3%。被捕前，性活跃和家庭吸毒显著(p<0.05)预测终身使用任何物质，而在一夫一妻制家庭中长大的人是保护性的。先前被捕、家庭吸毒和性活跃显著(p<0.05)增加了终生非法药物的使用，而来自一夫一妻制家庭的人显著(p<0.05)减少了这一点。先前的逮捕和监禁前的物质使用显著(p<0.05)预测当前使用任何物质。性活跃和入狱前的药物使用显著(P<0.05)预测了目前的非法药物使用，而高自尊和长子是保护性的。由于在监禁的少年犯中药物滥用的流行率很高，因此提倡将药物滥用筛查和治疗纳入其方案的一部分。关键词:药物使用，犯罪分子，监禁，尼日利亚

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引用次数: 7

Parental influence on substance use among young people in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria 父母对尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区年轻人使用药物的影响

Q4 Medicine

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies

Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V11I1

F. Abasiubong, A. Idung, S. Udoh, U. Ekanem

The aim of this study was to assess the pattern and compare the rates of substance use in parents of children with substance use disorders in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Between January 2009 and December 2011, a total of 528 participants, comprising 255 fathers of children with substance use-related problems (study group) and 273 fathers of children without problems (comparison group) attending the Psychiatric Unit of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, were assessed, using a modified form of a 117-item self-report instrument based on the World Health Organization’s guidelines for students’ substance use surveys. The demographic characteristics of the respondents were similar. Locally available substances including alcohol were used more frequently than illicit substances by both groups. Possible reasons for using these substances included ready availability, unidentified personal problems, performance enhancement and unemployment. Substance use is on the increase in our environment and this may be attributable to environmental pressures and weak parental discipline. Key Words : Parental influence, children, substance use, Niger Delta region

本研究的目的是评估模式，并比较尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区物质使用障碍儿童父母的物质使用率。2009年1月至2011年12月期间，共有528名参与者，包括255名有药物使用相关问题儿童的父亲(研究组)和273名没有问题儿童的父亲(对照组)，在Uyo大学教学医院精神病科接受了评估，使用了一种基于世界卫生组织学生药物使用调查指南的117项自我报告工具的改进形式。受访者的人口特征相似。这两个群体使用包括酒精在内的当地可得物质的频率都高于非法物质。使用这些物质的可能原因包括现成的可用性、不明的个人问题、提高成绩和失业。在我们的环境中，物质使用正在增加，这可能归因于环境压力和父母管教不力。关键词:父母影响，儿童，药物使用，尼日尔三角洲地区

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引用次数: 11

Determinants of Alcohol, Khat, and Bhang Use in Rural Kenya. 肯尼亚农村地区使用酒精、卡塔叶和香料的决定因素。

Q4 Medicine

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies

Pub Date : 2011-11-02

Kithuri E Kinoti, Leonard A Jason, Gary W Harper

The study investigated local determinants of substance use in rural Kenya. Over the years, there has been a growing concern over increased use of substances across ages, gender, religious persuasions, and social class in Kenya. It is still unclear what psychosocial individual and/or community factors might be that offer some explanation for the high levels of alcohol and drug use. The study investigated community members' social status in areas of gender, education, employment, self-esteem, and availability of substances. The sample was comprised of Kenyan rural participants, and included 153 men and 64 women with a mean age of 34.2 years. The participants completed a survey measuring possible psychosocial determinants of alcohol, khat and bhang (i.e., marijuana) use patterns. The sample evidenced high levels of substance use particularly involving the locally available substances (i.e., bottled beer, local brews, chewing khat, smoking bhang). Males in comparison to females were more likely to drink alcohol, chew khat, and smoke bhang. Women compared to men reported higher education and employment status, which were associated with less substance use. Females had higher self-esteem when they did not use bottled beer whereas males had higher self-esteem when they use bottled beer. The implications of these findings are discussed.

该研究调查了肯尼亚农村地区药物使用的当地决定因素。多年来，人们越来越关注肯尼亚不同年龄、性别、宗教信仰和社会阶层的人越来越多地使用药物的问题。目前还不清楚是哪些个人和/或社区社会心理因素在一定程度上解释了酗酒和吸毒现象的严重性。这项研究调查了社区成员在性别、教育、就业、自尊和药物供应等方面的社会地位。样本由肯尼亚农村参与者组成，包括 153 名男性和 64 名女性，平均年龄为 34.2 岁。参与者完成了一项调查，测量了使用酒精、阿拉伯茶和大麻的可能的社会心理决定因素。抽样调查结果表明，他们使用药物的程度很高，尤其是使用当地可获得的药物（如瓶装啤酒、当地酿造的啤酒、咀嚼阿拉伯茶叶、吸食大麻）。与女性相比，男性更有可能饮酒、咀嚼阿拉伯茶叶和吸食香烟。与男性相比，女性的受教育程度和就业状况更高，这与较少使用药物有关。女性在不使用瓶装啤酒时自尊心较强，而男性在使用瓶装啤酒时自尊心较强。本文讨论了这些研究结果的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Gender, locus of control and smoking habits of undergraduate students 大学生性别、心理控制点与吸烟习惯

Q4 Medicine

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies

Pub Date : 2011-03-06 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I2.64140

G. Abikoye, A. Fusigboye

Health psychologists believe that a significant proportion of human morbidity and mortality could be significantly reduced and humans’ quality of life greatly enhanced if people could be helped to correct their health-impairing habits and behaviours, such as smoking and other forms of substance abuse. The present study investigated the influence of gender and locus of control on smoking habit of 230 smoking student-patrons of two relaxation centers in Ago-Iwoye, the host community of Olabisi Onabanjo University. Participants were 137 (59.6%) male and 93 (40.4%) female students with a mean age of 24.93 (SD = 4.58). Relevant data were collected using snowballing technique over an eight-week period, with a standardized, three-sectioned questionnaire. Results showed that locus of control had a significant influence on smoking habit {t (2,226) = 21.21, p 0.05}. These and other findings in the study were discussed and their implications for intervention programmes on smoking reduction or (and) cessation were highlighted. Key Words: Smoking habits, student-patrons, locus of control, gender, Ago-Iwoye

健康心理学家认为，如果能够帮助人们纠正其危害健康的习惯和行为，例如吸烟和其他形式的药物滥用，那么人类发病率和死亡率的很大一部分可以大大降低，人类的生活质量可以大大提高。本研究调查了性别和控制源对奥拉比西奥纳班乔大学接待社区Ago-Iwoye两个休闲中心230名吸烟学生顾客吸烟习惯的影响。参与者中男生137人(59.6%)，女生93人(40.4%)，平均年龄24.93岁(SD = 4.58)。在八周的时间里，使用滚雪球技术收集相关数据，并使用标准化的三部分问卷。结果显示，控制点对吸烟习惯有显著影响{t (2226) = 21.21, p 0.05}。讨论了研究中的这些和其他发现，并强调了它们对减少或(和)戒烟的干预方案的影响。关键词:吸烟习惯，学生赞助人，控制点，性别，Ago-Iwoye

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引用次数: 11

Influence of sensation-seeking and impulsivity on drug use among youths in Ibadan 寻求感觉和冲动对伊巴丹青少年吸毒的影响

Q4 Medicine

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies

Pub Date : 2011-03-06 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I2.64144

Ao Aguiyi, Ko Taiwo, H. Osinowo, Me Ineme, F. Iboro, Om Akinlabi

In this study, a cross-sectional approach was used to examine the relationships between sensationseeking and impulsivity on drug misuse using 200 participants. The study was conducted within Ibadan among youths especially adolescence who completed questionnaires assessing the influence of sensation-seeking and impulsivity on drug misuse. Results indicated that sensation-seeking and impulsivity as predicted in the first hypothesis independently and jointly influenced drug misuse among youths F (2, 197) = 22.9, p Key Words: Drug misuse, impulsivity, sensation-seeking and youths.

本研究采用横断面方法对200名被试进行了药物滥用中感觉寻求与冲动性的关系研究。这项研究是在伊巴丹的年轻人中进行的，特别是青少年，他们完成了评估寻求感觉和冲动对药物滥用影响的问卷。结果表明，第一种假设预测的感觉寻求和冲动性对青少年药物滥用有独立和共同的影响F (2,197) = 22.9, p。关键词:药物滥用，冲动性，感觉寻求和青少年。

引用次数: 0

utiliZAtion of coMMunitY-BASeD outPAtient ADDiction treAtMent ProgrAMMeS in KenYA 肯尼亚社区门诊成瘾治疗方案的利用情况

Q4 Medicine

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies

Pub Date : 2011-03-06 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I2.64139

Cs Deveau, ludovick tengia, C. Mutua, S. Njoroge, lillian Dajoh, B. Singer

This paper examines a number of outpatient addictions treatment programmes developed in various regions of Kenya. The uptake of outpatient services at four sites between 2007 and 2010 has been examined. A field-based follow-up survey was administered to determine abstinence rates among clients who participated in treatment. Factors involved in recovery outcomes are discussed. Utilization of outpatient addictions treatment and retention in services increased over the three-year period, and field-based follow up with clients showed 42% abstinence rates. Key Words: Outpatient treatment, Alcohol, Drug, Addiction recovery, HIV, Kenya

本文考察了肯尼亚不同地区开发的一些门诊成瘾治疗方案。对2007年至2010年间四个地点门诊服务的使用情况进行了检查。一项以实地为基础的随访调查被用来确定参与治疗的病人的戒断率。讨论了影响回收效果的因素。在三年的时间里，门诊成瘾治疗的使用率和服务的保留率有所增加，对客户的实地随访显示，戒断率为42%。关键词:门诊治疗，酒精，药物，戒毒，艾滋病，肯尼亚

引用次数: 7

Is there a causal relationship between alcohol and HIV? Implications for policy, practice and future research 酒精和艾滋病毒之间有因果关系吗?对政策、实践和未来研究的启示

Q4 Medicine

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies

Pub Date : 2011-03-06 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I2.64141

C. Parry, J. Rehm, N. Morojele

There is now conclusive evidence of a causal linkage between heavy drinking patterns and/or alcohol use disorders and the worsening of the disease course for HIV. However, while alcohol usage is consistently associated with the prevalence and incidence of HIV, further research is needed to substantiate causality in terms of the acquisition of this disease. The burden attributable to alcohol use in South Africa in 2004 has been estimated to be 1.3 million years in terms of years lost though premature death caused by alcohol and years lived with an alcohol-related disability (or just over 6% of all years lost from all causes). Of all years lost through death and disability that can be attributed to alcohol, 10% for men and 28% for women can be directly attributed to alcohol’s impact on the progression of HIV in infected individuals. The implications of the above will be discussed in terms of research gaps that need to be addressed and broader policy responses that are needed in the health and social services sectors. In addition, emphasis will be given to specific practices that should be considered for rollout by agencies involved in substance abuse and HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention. Key Words: Alcohol, HIV and AIDS, South Africa

现在有确凿证据表明，大量饮酒模式和/或酒精使用障碍与艾滋病毒病程恶化之间存在因果联系。然而，虽然酒精的使用一直与艾滋病毒的流行和发病率有关，但需要进一步的研究来证实这种疾病的因果关系。在南非，2004年可归因于酒精使用的负担估计为130万年，按因酒精引起的过早死亡和与酒精有关的残疾而损失的年数计算(或仅占所有原因造成的全部损失年数的6%多一点)。在可归因于酒精的死亡和残疾而损失的所有年数中，10%的男性和28%的女性可直接归因于酒精对感染者艾滋病毒进展的影响。将从需要解决的研究差距和卫生和社会服务部门所需的更广泛的政策对策方面讨论上述问题的影响。此外，还将强调参与药物滥用和艾滋病毒/艾滋病治疗和预防的机构应考虑推广的具体做法。关键词:酒精，艾滋病，南非

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引用次数: 33

THE ROLE OF SOLVENTS IN THE LIVES OF KENYAN STREET CHILDREN: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE 溶剂在肯尼亚街头儿童生活中的作用:民族志视角

Q4 Medicine

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies

Pub Date : 2011-03-06 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I2.64142

Joe Cottrell‐Boyce

This paper explores the use of solvents among a group of street children in Ruiru, a satellite town of Nairobi. Solvent use is functional- dulling the senses against the hardship of the streetyet it also provides a link to the support structure of the ‘street family’ as a potent symbol of shared experience. Organisations working to rehabilitate street children are criticised for failing to appreciate the social context of solvent dependence amongst street children. Dependence on glue is preceded by dependence on ‘street families’, therefore organisations working to rehabilitate street children need to ensure they work through, rather than in conflict with, the ‘street family’. Key Words: Solvents, street children, Kenya, ethnography

本文探讨了内罗毕卫星城瑞鲁一群街头儿童使用溶剂的情况。溶剂的使用是功能性的——钝化了对街头艰难生活的感觉，但它也提供了与“街头家庭”的支持结构的联系，作为共享经验的有力象征。致力于帮助街头儿童康复的组织因未能认识到街头儿童有偿付能力的依赖的社会背景而受到批评。对胶水的依赖发生在对“街头家庭”的依赖之前，因此致力于改造街头儿童的组织需要确保他们与“街头家庭”一起工作，而不是与之冲突。关键词:溶剂，街头儿童，肯尼亚，民族志

引用次数: 17

Sexual risk behaviours among patients admitted for substance use disorder and schizophrenia in a psychiatric hospital in Lagos, Nigeria 尼日利亚拉各斯一家精神病院收治的药物使用障碍和精神分裂症患者的性风险行为

Q4 Medicine

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies

Pub Date : 2011-03-06 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I2.64146

Veronica o. nyamali, O. Morakinyo, R. Lawal

Researchers have reported that abuse of psychoactive substances play a major role in HIV transmission among drug users while those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia may also be at high risk for HIV infection. This is a cross-sectional and comparative study of consecutive and consenting patients admitted at the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital Yaba between April and December 2008, aimed at comparing HIV risk behaviours of patients with substance use disorder and those with schizophrenia, comparing the findings between the two groups and determining the socio-demographic factors in each group associated with such behaviours. The results showed that subjects using psychoactive substances were more involved in sexual activity than those with schizophrenia. Both groups of subjects engaged in HIV risk behaviours such as having multiple casual partners (Substance users 21.5%, schizophrenia 9.5%). Non-use of condom with casual partners (Substance users 25.4%, Schizophrenia 36.7%) and history of sexually transmitted diseases like genital discharge (Substance users 4.0%, Schizophrenia 15.0%) were more in those with Schizophrenia. In conclusion, both groups of patients engaged in high risk sexual behaviours that could predispose them to HIV infection. It was recommended that concerted efforts should be made to establish HIV prevention programmes for both groups of psychiatric patients. Key Words: sexual, risk behaviour, schizophrenia, substance use disorder, inpatients, lagos nigeria

研究人员报告说，滥用精神活性物质在吸毒者之间的艾滋病毒传播中起着重要作用，而那些被诊断为精神分裂症的人也可能有感染艾滋病毒的高风险。这是对2008年4月至12月期间在Yaba联邦神经精神病医院住院的连续和同意的患者进行的横断面和比较研究，旨在比较药物使用障碍患者和精神分裂症患者的艾滋病毒风险行为，比较两组之间的研究结果，并确定每组中与此类行为相关的社会人口因素。结果表明，使用精神活性物质的受试者比精神分裂症患者更容易发生性行为。两组受试者都有艾滋病毒风险行为，如有多个临时伴侣(物质使用者21.5%，精神分裂症9.5%)。在精神分裂症患者中，与随意伴侣不使用安全套(物质使用者25.4%，精神分裂症36.7%)和生殖器分泌物等性传播疾病史(物质使用者4.0%，精神分裂症15.0%)的比例更高。总之，两组患者都从事高风险的性行为，这可能使他们容易感染艾滋病毒。建议作出协调一致的努力，为这两类精神病患者制定艾滋病毒预防方案。关键词:性，危险行为，精神分裂症，药物使用障碍，住院患者，尼日利亚拉各斯

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引用次数: 4

HIV risk behaviors, perceived severity of drug use problems, and prior treatment experience in a sample of young heroin injectors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆一名年轻海洛因注射者样本中的艾滋病毒风险行为、吸毒问题的感知严重程度和先前治疗经历

Q4 Medicine

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies

Pub Date : 2011-01-01

John Atkinson, Sheryl McCurdy, Mark Williams, Jessie Mbwambo, Gad Kilonzo

Interviews were conducted with 203 male and 95 female heroin injectors aged 17 to 25 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Nearly one-quarter of participants reported injecting with needles used by someone else. Few reported cleaning needles with bleach. Multiple sexual partnerships, unprotected sex, and trading sex for money were especially present among women, the majority (55%) of whom was HIV seropositive. Self reports suggest the presence of heroin dependence among users. While most participants expressed a desire to quit their use, only 14 (5%) had been in treatment. There appears to be a large unmet need for heroin use treatment. These findings need to be considered in light of a potential forthcoming wave of heroin injection in sub-Saharan Africa.

在坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆与年龄在17至25岁之间的203名男性和95名女性海洛因注射者进行了访谈。近四分之一的参与者报告使用别人用过的针头注射。很少有人报告用漂白剂清洗针头。多个性伙伴关系、无保护的性行为和性交易在妇女中尤其普遍，其中大多数(55%)为艾滋病毒血清阳性。自我报告表明吸毒者中存在海洛因依赖。虽然大多数参与者表示希望戒烟，但只有14人(5%)接受了治疗。看来对海洛因使用治疗的需求还没有得到很大的满足。这些发现需要考虑到撒哈拉以南非洲可能即将出现的海洛因注射浪潮。

引用次数: 0

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