Alcohol use is an important part of the health profile of older adults, and little is known about the prevalence and correlates of drinking among this population in Ghana and South Africa. This study aimed to describe and compare the prevalence and correlates of drinking patterns among adults aged 50 and above in Ghana and South Africa, and to determine which correlates explain differences in drinking patterns between the two countries. We used data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) conducted in Ghana and South Africa. The sample of participants aged 50+ was 4289 in Ghana and 3666 in South Africa. Alcohol measures included a self-report of the number of standard drinks consumed over the previous 7 days, from which we constructed the mutually exclusive drinking categories of lifetime abstainers, low risk and at risk drinkers by gender. We used multivariate analysis to identify independent correlates for the different drinking patterns and those contributing to drinking differences between countries. Lifetime abstainers comprised 41.9% and 74.6% of the Ghana and South Africa samples, respectively. Among current drinkers, there were significantly more at risk drinkers among both genders in South Africa compared to Ghana. Factors independently associated drinking patterns differed between countries and by gender, although similarities included religion and smoking. Smoking status contributed to the difference in drinking patterns between Ghana and South Africa more than socio-demographics. Different patterns of drinking and associated correlates exist among older adults between Ghana and South Africa, and differences in drinking patterns were more strongly associated with smoking than socio-demographics. Drinking may increase in Ghana as economic development continues, although other health behaviors such as smoking may also play an important role and should be monitored in future surveys.
{"title":"A Comparison of Alcohol Use and Correlates of Drinking Patterns among Men and Women Aged 50 and Above in Ghana and South Africa","authors":"P. Martinez, A. Landheim, T. Clausen, L. Lien","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V10I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V10I2","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol use is an important part of the health profile of older adults, and little is known about the prevalence and correlates of drinking among this population in Ghana and South Africa. This study aimed to describe and compare the prevalence and correlates of drinking patterns among adults aged 50 and above in Ghana and South Africa, and to determine which correlates explain differences in drinking patterns between the two countries. We used data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) conducted in Ghana and South Africa. The sample of participants aged 50+ was 4289 in Ghana and 3666 in South Africa. Alcohol measures included a self-report of the number of standard drinks consumed over the previous 7 days, from which we constructed the mutually exclusive drinking categories of lifetime abstainers, low risk and at risk drinkers by gender. We used multivariate analysis to identify independent correlates for the different drinking patterns and those contributing to drinking differences between countries. Lifetime abstainers comprised 41.9% and 74.6% of the Ghana and South Africa samples, respectively. Among current drinkers, there were significantly more at risk drinkers among both genders in South Africa compared to Ghana. Factors independently associated drinking patterns differed between countries and by gender, although similarities included religion and smoking. Smoking status contributed to the difference in drinking patterns between Ghana and South Africa more than socio-demographics. Different patterns of drinking and associated correlates exist among older adults between Ghana and South Africa, and differences in drinking patterns were more strongly associated with smoking than socio-demographics. Drinking may increase in Ghana as economic development continues, although other health behaviors such as smoking may also play an important role and should be monitored in future surveys.","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70448857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-10DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61754
M. Karau, James n Kihunyu, nahashon M Kathenya, L. Wangai, D. Kariuki, R. Kibet
The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of caffeine in non-alcoholic energy drinks and prepared teas using reverse phase HPLC. Caffeine was extracted from 19 different types of non-alcoholic beverages and prepared teas sampled from supermarkets in Nairobi Central Business District, Kenya. These were analyzed alongside a caffeine standard of 99 % purity by use of HPLC-UV detector at the wavelength of 272nm, Supelco HS C18 column 25 cm x 4.6 cm x 5 μm, oven temperature of 40 oC, mobile phase 80:20 (v/v) of methanol: water and mobile phase flow rate of 1.5mL/min. For quantitation purposes, serial dilution of the caffeine standard gave correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9993 and the retention time of 2.11±0.03 minute. Percentage recovery of caffeine from the column ranged from 89.78 to 105.59%. Limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 0.279 and 0.931 μg/mL respectively. It was found that Burn®, XL energy drink® and Red Bull® had the highest amount of caffeine. It was however noted that though most of the non-alcoholic beverages had high caffeine content they had no label claim. Key Words: Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC), Ultra violet visible (UV/VIS), caffeine, non-alcoholic beverages
本研究的目的是用反相高效液相色谱法测定非酒精能量饮料和制备茶中的咖啡因含量。咖啡因是从肯尼亚内罗毕中央商务区超市取样的19种不同类型的非酒精饮料和预制茶中提取的。采用HPLC-UV检测器，波长为272nm, Supelco HS C18色谱柱为25 cm × 4.6 cm × 5 μm，烤箱温度为40℃，流动相为甲醇:水80:20 (v/v)，流动相流速为1.5mL/min，纯度为99%。为定量目的，连续稀释咖啡因标准品的相关系数(r)为0.9993，保留时间为2.11±0.03分钟。柱中咖啡因的回收率为89.78 ~ 105.59%。检测限和定量限分别为0.279和0.931 μg/mL。研究发现，Burn®、XL能量饮料®和红牛®的咖啡因含量最高。然而，有人指出，尽管大多数非酒精饮料的咖啡因含量很高，但它们没有标签声明。关键词:反相高效液相色谱法，紫外可见，咖啡因，非酒精饮料
{"title":"Determination of Caffeine Content in Non-Alcoholic Beverages and Energy Drinks Using Hplc-Uv Method.","authors":"M. Karau, James n Kihunyu, nahashon M Kathenya, L. Wangai, D. Kariuki, R. Kibet","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61754","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of caffeine in non-alcoholic energy drinks and prepared teas using reverse phase HPLC. Caffeine was extracted from 19 different types of non-alcoholic beverages and prepared teas sampled from supermarkets in Nairobi Central Business District, Kenya. These were analyzed alongside a caffeine standard of 99 % purity by use of HPLC-UV detector at the wavelength of 272nm, Supelco HS C18 column 25 cm x 4.6 cm x 5 μm, oven temperature of 40 oC, mobile phase 80:20 (v/v) of methanol: water and mobile phase flow rate of 1.5mL/min. For quantitation purposes, serial dilution of the caffeine standard gave correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9993 and the retention time of 2.11±0.03 minute. Percentage recovery of caffeine from the column ranged from 89.78 to 105.59%. Limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 0.279 and 0.931 μg/mL respectively. It was found that Burn®, XL energy drink® and Red Bull® had the highest amount of caffeine. It was however noted that though most of the non-alcoholic beverages had high caffeine content they had no label claim. \u0000 \u0000 Key Words: Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC), Ultra violet visible (UV/VIS), caffeine, non-alcoholic beverages","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-10DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61755
V. Lasebikan
Factors associated with driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) and related road crashes among 422 commercial drivers were studied. A multivariate analysis was conducted to understand the associations between risk factors and DUIC and car crashes respectively. Young age, OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.9-7.6; cannabis abuse, OR = 4.1, 95% CI, 1.9-8.2; cannabis dependence, OR = 4.4, 95% CI, 2.1- 7.8; hire- driver, OR = 5.3, 95% CI, 2.0- 14.2, remained associated with DUIC after model adjustments while previous DUIC accidents, OR = 4.5, 95% CI, 2.2 -11.0; combined DUIC and driving under influence of alcohol (DUIA), OR = 5.1, 95% CI, 2.7 – 14.0, remained associated with cannabis related crashes after model adjustment. DUIC increases the risk of involvement in a crash most particularly if there is associated DUIA. Key Words: Cannabis, driving under influence, Nigeria, road crashes, commercial drivers
{"title":"Is Cannabis Use Related to Road Crashes? A Study of Long Distance Commercial Drivers in Nigeria","authors":"V. Lasebikan","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61755","url":null,"abstract":"Factors associated with driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) and related road crashes among 422 commercial drivers were studied. A multivariate analysis was conducted to understand the associations between risk factors and DUIC and car crashes respectively. Young age, OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.9-7.6; cannabis abuse, OR = 4.1, 95% CI, 1.9-8.2; cannabis dependence, OR = 4.4, 95% CI, 2.1- 7.8; hire- driver, OR = 5.3, 95% CI, 2.0- 14.2, remained associated with DUIC after model adjustments while previous DUIC accidents, OR = 4.5, 95% CI, 2.2 -11.0; combined DUIC and driving under influence of alcohol (DUIA), OR = 5.1, 95% CI, 2.7 – 14.0, remained associated with cannabis related crashes after model adjustment. DUIC increases the risk of involvement in a crash most particularly if there is associated DUIA. \u0000 \u0000 Key Words: Cannabis, driving under influence, Nigeria, road crashes, commercial drivers","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-10DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61753
N. Morojele, Alitha Pithey, C. Kekwaletswe, M. Joubert-Wallis, M. Pule, C. Parry
This pilot study assessed the extent to which health care providers in HIV care and treatment, substance abuse intervention and employee assistance programmes (EAPs) consider and inform their clients about the role of alcohol use/abuse in HIV transmission, HIV disease progression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). A web- and telephone-based survey was conducted among 84 of the aforementioned programmes. Albeit not routinely, respondents from most organisations reported addressing the issues of alcohol in HIV transmission, disease progression and ART adherence among their clients. Contrary to expectations, many programmes do consider the links between alcohol and HIV and AIDS in their operations, but seem to lack adequate resources, information and skills to intervene in a comprehensive way. Key Words: Alcohol, HIV/AIDS, South Africa, health care providers, antiretroviral therapy, adherence
{"title":"South African health care providers’ recognition of the links between alcohol and HIV in their daily practice: a pilot study.","authors":"N. Morojele, Alitha Pithey, C. Kekwaletswe, M. Joubert-Wallis, M. Pule, C. Parry","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61753","url":null,"abstract":"This pilot study assessed the extent to which health care providers in HIV care and treatment, substance abuse intervention and employee assistance programmes (EAPs) consider and inform their clients about the role of alcohol use/abuse in HIV transmission, HIV disease progression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). A web- and telephone-based survey was conducted among 84 of the aforementioned programmes. Albeit not routinely, respondents from most organisations reported addressing the issues of alcohol in HIV transmission, disease progression and ART adherence among their clients. Contrary to expectations, many programmes do consider the links between alcohol and HIV and AIDS in their operations, but seem to lack adequate resources, information and skills to intervene in a comprehensive way. \u0000 \u0000 Key Words: Alcohol, HIV/AIDS, South Africa, health care providers, antiretroviral therapy, adherence","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-10DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61759
C. Bodewes
This article examines the harmful effects of drinking chang’aa, an illegal spirit produced locally, in Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya. The negative impact of chang’aa on the community’s physical, social and economic life is traced, in part, to contemporary changes in consumption patterns as well as the production of chang’aa during the late 1990s. This article also analyzes the efforts of a local Catholic parish to launch a campaign to raise awareness on the dangers of chang’aa and to lobby the government to enforce its ban on the sale and use of the illicit brew. The parish was limited in its efforts primarily due to fears of violent reprisal by local government officials and chang’aa sellers who profited from the illegal, but lucrative trade. Key Words: Chang’aa, Kibera, Kenya, traditional drinks, spirits, alcohol
{"title":"Chang’aa Drinking in Kibera Slum: The Harmful Effects of Contemporary Changes in the Production and Consumption of Traditional Spirits","authors":"C. Bodewes","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61759","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the harmful effects of drinking chang’aa, an illegal spirit produced locally, in Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya. The negative impact of chang’aa on the community’s physical, social and economic life is traced, in part, to contemporary changes in consumption patterns as well as the production of chang’aa during the late 1990s. This article also analyzes the efforts of a local Catholic parish to launch a campaign to raise awareness on the dangers of chang’aa and to lobby the government to enforce its ban on the sale and use of the illicit brew. The parish was limited in its efforts primarily due to fears of violent reprisal by local government officials and chang’aa sellers who profited from the illegal, but lucrative trade. \u0000 \u0000 Key Words: Chang’aa, Kibera, Kenya, traditional drinks, spirits, alcohol","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61759","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-10DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.68394
P. Njuho, A. Davids
Illicit drug use negatively affects development of human and physical capital of any nation. Huge financial resources are allocated to prevent and curb illicit drug use. The use of these drugs continue to spread across race and age groups, despite application of various control measures. The information provided in this paper contributes towards understanding the extent and influence of illicit drugs use in South Africa. A population-based national HIV prevalence, behaviour and health survey conducted in 2008, incorporated questions on the extent and use of illicit drugs. A multistage random population sample of 15 845 persons aged 15 years or older (58% women and 42% men) was included in the survey. The use of combined illicit drugs excluding cannabis was reported by 1.7% of the 13 119 participants, and including cannabis by 4.3 % of the 13 128 participants. The Coloured men (14.3%) were the most likely to use cannabis, where as the Indian women (0.6%) were the least likely. The urban residents (5.4%) were more likely to report use of any illicit drug including cannabis than rural dwellers (2.5%). Illicit drug use has a high association with illnesses thus call for interventions to address this serious problem. Key Words: Recreational drug use, South Africa, illicit drug use, HIV prevalence survey
{"title":"Extent and Influence of Recreational Drug Use on Men and Women Aged 15 Years and Older in South Africa","authors":"P. Njuho, A. Davids","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.68394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.68394","url":null,"abstract":"Illicit drug use negatively affects development of human and physical capital of any nation. Huge financial resources are allocated to prevent and curb illicit drug use. The use of these drugs continue to spread across race and age groups, despite application of various control measures. The information provided in this paper contributes towards understanding the extent and influence of illicit drugs use in South Africa. A population-based national HIV prevalence, behaviour and health survey conducted in 2008, incorporated questions on the extent and use of illicit drugs. A multistage random population sample of 15 845 persons aged 15 years or older (58% women and 42% men) was included in the survey. The use of combined illicit drugs excluding cannabis was reported by 1.7% of the 13 119 participants, and including cannabis by 4.3 % of the 13 128 participants. The Coloured men (14.3%) were the most likely to use cannabis, where as the Indian women (0.6%) were the least likely. The urban residents (5.4%) were more likely to report use of any illicit drug including cannabis than rural dwellers (2.5%). Illicit drug use has a high association with illnesses thus call for interventions to address this serious problem. Key Words: Recreational drug use, South Africa, illicit drug use, HIV prevalence survey","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.68394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-16DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52933
A. Makanjuola, P. Olatunji
The article aims to draw attention of clinicians to the addictive potentials of Pentazocine use in sickle cell anaemia patients and to highlight some of the associated problems of pentazocine abuse. It also hopes to stimulate the need to review guidelines for the use of analgesics in the management of bone pain crisis or other chronic pains. Two case reports of pentazocine abuse seen in a psychiatry clinic at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) Ilorin, Nigeria were made. It was found that both patients who were sickle cell anaemia (HbS) patients were first given intramuscular pentazocine in private hospitals during an episode of bone pain crises. They claimed that though the bone pain crises subsided after a few days on admission, they continued to feign pains in order to be given pentazocine because they enjoyed its dysphoric effect. There were features of pentazocine dependence as shown by intense craving for the drug, excessive sweating, body (not bone) pains, signs of needle pricks on the body, sudden extravagance, begging for money, stealing and poor academic performance among other things. There was no clinical evidence of bone crisis or complications of sickle cell anaemia. It was concluded that more than before, clinicians should be cautious in the use of analgesics which has potential for addiction in sickle cell anaemia and chronic pain patients. Keywords: Pentazocine abuse; Sickle cell anaemia, Nigeria Key words: Pentazocine abuse; Sickle cell anaemia, Nigeria
{"title":"Pentazocine abuse in sickle cell anaemia patients: a report of two case vignetes","authors":"A. Makanjuola, P. Olatunji","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52933","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to draw attention of clinicians to the addictive potentials of Pentazocine use in sickle cell anaemia patients and to highlight some of the associated problems of pentazocine abuse. It also hopes to stimulate the need to review guidelines for the use of analgesics in the management of bone pain crisis or other chronic pains. Two case reports of pentazocine abuse seen in a psychiatry clinic at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) Ilorin, Nigeria were made. It was found that both patients who were sickle cell anaemia (HbS) patients were first given intramuscular pentazocine in private hospitals during an episode of bone pain crises. They claimed that though the bone pain crises subsided after a few days on admission, they continued to feign pains in order to be given pentazocine because they enjoyed its dysphoric effect. There were features of pentazocine dependence as shown by intense craving for the drug, excessive sweating, body (not bone) pains, signs of needle pricks on the body, sudden extravagance, begging for money, stealing and poor academic performance among other things. There was no clinical evidence of bone crisis or complications of sickle cell anaemia. It was concluded that more than before, clinicians should be cautious in the use of analgesics which has potential for addiction in sickle cell anaemia and chronic pain patients. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Pentazocine abuse; Sickle cell anaemia, Nigeria \u0000Key words: Pentazocine abuse; Sickle cell anaemia, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52933","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-16DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52934
M. Masihleho, T. Khalanyane
This paper is based on a study that was conducted in March 2009 aimed at assessing the impact of alternative livelihoods programme on the social and economic lives of Ha Mothae residents. A case study approach was used and a purposeful sampling technique was used in selecting respondents, while data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicated that the programme has benefited most of the respondents despite the problems they encountered at its implementation stage. Also that it has had relative impact on the social and economic lives of the recipients. Therefore, it is recommended that the programme should be introduced and implemented in other parts of the country to reduce the problem of alcohol dependence, and that it should be government funded. Key Words: Alcohol dependence, alcohol problems, alternative livelihoods, case study
{"title":"The impact of Thaba-Bosiu Centre alternative livelihoods programme on alcohol problems: a case study of Ha Mothae","authors":"M. Masihleho, T. Khalanyane","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52934","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is based on a study that was conducted in March 2009 aimed at assessing the impact of alternative livelihoods programme on the social and economic lives of Ha Mothae residents. A case study approach was used and a purposeful sampling technique was used in selecting respondents, while data were analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicated that the programme has benefited most of the respondents despite the problems they encountered at its implementation stage. Also that it has had relative impact on the social and economic lives of the recipients. Therefore, it is recommended that the programme should be introduced and implemented in other parts of the country to reduce the problem of alcohol dependence, and that it should be government funded. \u0000 \u0000Key Words: Alcohol dependence, alcohol problems, alternative livelihoods, case study","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-16DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52932
L. Sikiru, S. Babu
The leaves of the plant khat (Catha edulis) are commonly chewed in certain countries of East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Chewing of khat leaves has a deep-rooted religious and sociocultural tradition and has a peculiarity of certain influences on the physical, physiological and psychosocial well-being of those involved in the habit of chewing the leaves. The objective of this study was to investigate psychosocial, academic and health implications and reasons for students’ involvement in khat chewing habit. A cross-sectional survey of students aged 22 years and above was studied; Five hundred and twenty eight subjects participated. They were summer school students of Jimma University, Ethiopia. A self structured questionnaire was used in data collection on the socio-demographic, academic, economic and health effects of khat. Results clearly indicated that males dominated in chewing khat (63.52%); 54.9% of khat chewers were Muslims; 46.3% of the students reported focus and concentration on their studies as the reason for chewing khat. Insomnia was the major health problem indicated by 50% of the students; while 71% of the study participants reported being more sociable following khat chewing. Self acclaimed positive academic achievements were reported by 89% of the participants but there were no reported significant effects on objective academic results. It was concluded that to gain concentration and focus was the main reason for students’ khat chewing habit. However, there was no evidence of subjective academic achievement. Key Words: Khat; Catha edulis; academic achievement; health effects; mature students; socioeconomic factors; religion.
{"title":"Khat (Catha edulis): academic, health and psychosocial efects on “mature” students","authors":"L. Sikiru, S. Babu","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52932","url":null,"abstract":"The leaves of the plant khat (Catha edulis) are commonly chewed in certain countries of East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Chewing of khat leaves has a deep-rooted religious and sociocultural tradition and has a peculiarity of certain influences on the physical, physiological and psychosocial well-being of those involved in the habit of chewing the leaves. The objective of this study was to investigate psychosocial, academic and health implications and reasons for students’ involvement in khat chewing habit. A cross-sectional survey of students aged 22 years and above was studied; Five hundred and twenty eight subjects participated. They were summer school students of Jimma University, Ethiopia. A self structured questionnaire was used in data collection on the socio-demographic, academic, economic and health effects of khat. Results clearly indicated that males dominated in chewing khat (63.52%); 54.9% of khat chewers were Muslims; 46.3% of the students reported focus and concentration on their studies as the reason for chewing khat. Insomnia was the major health problem indicated by 50% of the students; while 71% of the study participants reported being more sociable following khat chewing. Self acclaimed positive academic achievements were reported by 89% of the participants but there were no reported \u0000significant effects on objective academic results. It was concluded that to gain concentration and focus was the main reason for students’ khat chewing habit. However, there was no evidence of subjective academic achievement. \u0000 \u0000Key Words: Khat; Catha edulis; academic achievement; health effects; mature students; socioeconomic factors; religion.","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-03-16DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52935
C. Mackenzie, K. Kiragu, G. Odingo, R. Yassin, P. Shikuku, P. Angala, W. Sinkele, Melania Akinyi, N. Kilonzo
This pretest-posttest separate-sample study with intervention and comparison groups documented the abilities and willingness of trained voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) service providers to integrate alcohol screening and risk reduction counseling into their routine service delivery. Pre-test (n=1073) and post-test data (n=1058) were collected from different clients exiting from 25 VCT centers. A 12-month intervention that required all VCT providers from the intervention groups to screen all VCT clients for their alcohol use and offer them brief risk reduction alcoholrelated counseling was implemented. At post-test, the intervention group clients (n=456) had better study outcomes than the comparison group clients (n=602). Intervention clients were more likely to report that their VCT service provider had: asked them about their alcohol use (83% vs. 41%: p<0.05); asked them about their partner’s alcohol use (72% vs. 22%); screened them for their alcohol use (77% vs. 33%: p<0.05); and gave them feedback about their screening results (67% vs. 35%: p<0.05). The study concluded that VCT service providers are able and willing to integrate alcohol risk reduction services during routine VCT services, and supports the integration of alcohol risk reduction counseling at VCT services in Kenya. Key Words: Alcohol, VCT, Integration, Service provision, Risk reduction, Counseling, Kenya
这项干预组和对照组的前测后分离样本研究记录了训练有素的自愿咨询和测试(VCT)服务提供者将酒精筛查和降低风险咨询纳入其常规服务提供的能力和意愿。测试前(n=1073)和测试后数据(n=1058)来自25个VCT中心的不同客户。一项为期12个月的干预，要求来自干预组的所有VCT提供者筛查所有VCT客户的酒精使用情况，并向他们提供简短的降低酒精相关风险的咨询。后测时，干预组患者(n=456)的研究结果优于对照组患者(n=602)。干预对象更有可能报告他们的VCT服务提供者询问过他们的酒精使用情况(83%对41%:p<0.05);询问他们伴侣的饮酒情况(72%对22%);筛查他们的酒精使用情况(77%对33%:p<0.05);并对筛查结果给予反馈(67% vs. 35%: p<0.05)。该研究的结论是，VCT服务提供者能够并且愿意在常规的VCT服务中整合降低酒精风险的服务，并支持在肯尼亚的VCT服务中整合降低酒精风险的咨询。关键词:酒精，VCT，整合，服务提供，降低风险，咨询，肯尼亚
{"title":"The feasibility of integrating alcohol risk-reduction counseling into existing VCT services in Kenya","authors":"C. Mackenzie, K. Kiragu, G. Odingo, R. Yassin, P. Shikuku, P. Angala, W. Sinkele, Melania Akinyi, N. Kilonzo","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52935","url":null,"abstract":"This pretest-posttest separate-sample study with intervention and comparison groups documented the abilities and willingness of trained voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) service providers to integrate alcohol screening and risk reduction counseling into their routine service delivery. Pre-test (n=1073) and post-test data (n=1058) were collected from different clients exiting from 25 VCT centers. A 12-month intervention that required all VCT providers from the intervention groups to screen all VCT clients for their alcohol use and offer them brief risk reduction alcoholrelated counseling was implemented. At post-test, the intervention group clients (n=456) had better study outcomes than the comparison group clients (n=602). Intervention clients were more likely to report that their VCT service provider had: asked them about their alcohol use (83% vs. 41%: p<0.05); asked them about their partner’s alcohol use (72% vs. 22%); screened them for their alcohol use (77% vs. 33%: p<0.05); and gave them feedback about their screening results (67% vs. 35%: p<0.05). The study concluded that VCT service providers are able and willing to integrate alcohol risk reduction services during routine VCT services, and supports the integration of alcohol risk reduction counseling at VCT services in Kenya. \u0000 \u0000Key Words: Alcohol, VCT, Integration, Service provision, Risk reduction, Counseling, Kenya","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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