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Water from Air Production System based on Solar Energy in Egypt 埃及基于太阳能的空气制水系统
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.46300/9104.2020.14.28
H. Farghally, N. Ahmed, A. Nafeh, F. H. Fahmy, Amal A. Hassan, Emaad A. Sweelem
Fresh water supplies are among the most limiting conditions in arid regions. Drinking water shortage is chronic, acute and widespread in North Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. The extraction of fresh water from the atmosphere has been adopted and developed as a new technology to provide water in remote areas. This paper concentrates on the extracting of potable water from air in remote areas using solar energy. A theoretical study for extracting water from atmospheric air is presented and performance of water production system based on standalone PV system was simulated and evaluated for two sites in Egypt; namely, Hurghada and Khargha Oasis. The unit extracts water by using solar thermal energy as the heating source for air and solar photovoltaic energy for supplying water production system driven fan. Perturb and observe (P&O) method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been designed and simulated for the proposed PV system. A Mathematical and simulation models using MATLAB/ SIMULINK software have been developed for evaluating the performance of the proposed system. The effect of climate conditions; ambient temperature and solar radiation on the PV system output power based on P&O controller was also demonstrated. It was found that more amount of water from atmosphere can be extracted from densely humid and highly solar radiation regions.
淡水供应是干旱地区最受限制的条件之一。饮用水短缺在北非、中东和南亚是长期、严重和普遍的。从大气中提取淡水是一种在偏远地区供水的新技术。本文主要研究利用太阳能从偏远地区的空气中提取饮用水。对从大气中提取水进行了理论研究,并对埃及两个地点基于独立光伏系统的水生产系统的性能进行了模拟和评估;即赫尔格达和哈尔加绿洲。该装置利用太阳能热能作为空气的加热源,利用太阳能光伏能源为供水系统驱动的风机供水。针对所提出的光伏系统,设计并仿真了用于最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)的扰动和观测(P&O)方法。使用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件建立了数学模型和仿真模型,用于评估所提出的系统的性能。气候条件的影响;还演示了环境温度和太阳辐射对基于P&O控制器的光伏系统输出功率的影响。研究发现,在高太阳辐射和高湿度的地区,可以从大气中提取更多的水。
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引用次数: 2
Spatial Analysis and Temporal Trend of Registered Noise Complaints in the City of Milan, Italy 意大利米兰市注册噪声投诉的空间分析和时间趋势
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-10-16 DOI: 10.46300/9104.2020.14.23
R. Benocci, S. S. Muchetti, D. Salvi, F. Angelini, G. Brambilla, G. Zambon
Noise complaints, expressed by individuals or a group of people, are the outcome of a complex behaviour depending not only on the noise exposure and its evoked annoyance, but also on other factors such as socioeconomic ones. Noise annoyance has significant impacts on the quality of life and health of inhabitants, as well as social cohesion. Thus, noise complaints are a very important issue to tackle for national and local policy makers and for all stakeholders involved in planning and management of noise mitigation actions. Within the above framework, the present study describes the analysis of noise complaints submitted by citizens to the municipality of Milan, Italy, from years 2000 to 2015. These complaints have been organized in a database and analyzed considering: i) types of noise source (technical facilities, music, transport infrastructures, etc.); ii) business/leisure activities (retail and catering businesses, production, service sector, etc.) and iii) outcomes of the complaints inspection by local authorities. In addition, by means of a GIS software, the territorial distribution of noise complaints has been determined according to the noise source category and disturbing activity. This analysis includes also a geo-statistical representation by density maps. The results show that, even though road traffic is the dominant noise source in residential and urban areas, the perception of other noises, such as those from industrial facilities, civil construction and social activities (parties, fairs and open air markets, residential noise, etc.), is perceived as more annoying. The results show that since 2007 the number of noise complaints (about 100-150 complaints/year) remains almost constant across the years. However, the spreading of leisure activities, malls, exhibition centers and venues, as observed for the years 2014-2015, would most likely grow them even more. This outcome can assist the local authority in the management of the activities in order to reduce their harmful impact on the population.
由个人或一群人表达的噪音投诉是复杂行为的结果,不仅取决于噪音暴露及其引发的烦恼,还取决于其他因素,如社会经济因素。噪音烦恼对居民的生活质量和健康以及社会凝聚力都有重大影响。因此,对于国家和地方决策者以及参与噪音缓解行动规划和管理的所有利益相关者来说,噪音投诉是一个需要解决的非常重要的问题。在上述框架内,本研究描述了2000年至2015年公民向意大利米兰市提交的噪音投诉分析。这些投诉被整理在一个数据库中,并根据以下因素进行分析:一噪声源的类型(技术设施、音乐、交通基础设施等);ii)商业/休闲活动(零售和餐饮业、生产、服务业等)和iii)地方当局的投诉检查结果。此外,通过地理信息系统软件,根据噪声源类别和干扰活动确定了噪声投诉的地区分布。该分析还包括密度图的地理统计表示。结果表明,尽管道路交通是住宅和城市地区的主要噪声源,但对其他噪声的感知,如工业设施、民用建筑和社会活动(聚会、集市和露天市场、住宅噪声等)的感知,更令人讨厌。结果显示,自2007年以来,噪音投诉数量(每年约100-150起)多年来几乎保持不变。然而,正如2014-2015年所观察到的那样,休闲活动、商场、展览中心和场馆的扩张很可能会使它们进一步增长。这一结果可以帮助地方当局管理这些活动,以减少其对人口的有害影响。
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引用次数: 3
Finite Element Models and Numerical Analysis of a Structural Glass Beam Reinforced with Embedded Carbon Fibre Rod 碳纤维杆增强结构玻璃梁的有限元模型及数值分析
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-10-16 DOI: 10.46300/9104.2020.14.22
D. Foti, Michela Lerna, L. Carnimeo, Vacca Vitantonio
Due to the its brittleness and unpredictable failure behaviour, the glass is considered a structurally unsafe material. The poor tensile strength and the occurrence of brittle failures prevent the possible use of structural glass elements (i.e. floors, beams and columns). The present study focuses on the numerical analysis of glass beams reinforced with composite material (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) and the numerical analysis of the behaviour of glass plates after being punched. In particular, the method of reinforcement analysed consists in embedding the Carbon FRP-rod in the interlayer of laminated structural glass beams with the aim to increase their failure strength, but also the post-failure strength and ductility. A numerical analysis on different specimens has been carried out to evaluate the effect of the reinforcement. The response of the reinforced and un-reinforced beams has been compared and the results have been discussed. The results provide an estimation of the expected performance in order to propose a reinforcement method for glass beams using FRP composites. This study includes the numerical analysis on laminated glass plates with wide holes at both ends, the latter made for technological reasons to connect the glass beam to the structure. The obtained results are compared with integer specimens.
由于其脆性和不可预测的破坏行为,玻璃被认为是一种结构不安全的材料。较差的抗拉强度和脆性破坏的发生阻止了结构玻璃元件(即地板,梁和柱)的可能使用。本文主要研究了复合材料(纤维增强聚合物)加固玻璃梁的数值分析和玻璃板打孔后性能的数值分析。具体来说,加固方法是在夹层结构玻璃梁的夹层中嵌入碳纤维纤维棒,以提高其破坏强度,并提高其破坏后的强度和延性。通过对不同试件的数值分析,对加固效果进行了评价。对加筋梁和未加筋梁的响应进行了比较,并对结果进行了讨论。结果提供了预期性能的估计,从而提出了玻璃钢复合材料加固玻璃梁的方法。本研究包括对两端有宽孔的夹层玻璃板的数值分析,后者是由于技术原因将玻璃梁连接到结构上。所得结果与整数试件进行了比较。
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引用次数: 3
Proposed Method for Two Axis Tracking of PV Modules Using Advanced Microcontroller 基于先进微控制器的光伏组件两轴跟踪方法
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.46300/9104.2020.14.21
In this study, a stand-alone photovoltaic power system was designed and implemented to operate as an application of a digital control system. Sun-tracker is implemented for improved efficiency of the system by keeping the solar module perpendicular to the sun's incoming rays. An experimental system was implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. Experimental results are given to verify the system's efficiency. A proposed method is employed to seek the maximum power point using two lighting sensors the data obtained from a two sensor is compared by microcontroller. Microcontroller is making PV module track the maximum sun light which leads to obtain a maximum power. The system is implemented using microcontroller and stepper motor and experimental work used to prove feasibility of the proposed method.
在本研究中,设计并实现了一个独立的光伏发电系统,作为数字控制系统的应用。太阳跟踪器的实现是为了提高系统的效率,通过保持太阳能模块垂直于太阳入射光线。实验系统验证了该系统的有效性。实验结果验证了系统的有效性。提出了一种利用两个照明传感器寻找最大功率点的方法,并通过单片机对两个传感器的数据进行比较。单片机使光伏模块跟踪最大太阳光,从而获得最大功率。该系统采用单片机和步进电机实现,并通过实验证明了所提方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
V-belts and Their Performance Resulting Fromtheir Inner Hybrid Structure V带及其内部混合结构的性能
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-08-26 DOI: 10.46300/9104.2020.14.20
Paper provides a study and comparison ofnarrow and classical cross-sections of five V-belts withdifferent inner structure, material composition and shape.The performance is evaluated by non-contact monitoringof transversal vibration velocity together with belttemperature caused by friction and vibrations at variousoperational states when changing the loading, revolutionsof driver pulley and tensioning force. Moreover, thevibration regimes are observed. The study presentswhether concave sides, adhesion layer, higher compressioncore, transverse reinforcing fibers, notches, wrap ofprofile, naked belt sides cause the different performance.
本文对五种不同内部结构、材料组成和形状的V形带的雷诺截面和经典截面进行了研究和比较。通过非接触式监测横向振动速度以及皮带温度来评估性能,该温度是在不同操作状态下,当改变负载、传动皮带轮的转数和张力时,由摩擦和振动引起的。此外,还观察到了振动状态。研究表明,凹面、粘合层、较高的压芯、横向增强纤维、缺口、纤维缠绕、裸带侧面是否会导致不同的性能。
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引用次数: 0
On the Long-time Behavior of the Solution of a Non Linear Viscoelastic Plate Equation with infinite Memory and General Kernel 具有无限记忆和一般核的非线性粘弹性板方程解的长时性
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-07-28 DOI: 10.46300/9104.2020.14.19
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引用次数: 1
CFD Investigations of the Effect of Rotating Wheels, Ride Height and Wheelhouse Geometry on the Drag Coefficient of Electric Vehicle 旋转车轮、行驶高度和轮室几何形状对电动汽车阻力系数影响的CFD研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-07-27 DOI: 10.46300/9104.2020.14.17
The development of electric vehicles demands minimizing aerodynamic drag in order to provide maximum range. The wheels contribute significantly to overall drag coefficient value because of flow separation from rims and wheel arches. In this paper various design parameters are investigated and their influence on vehicle drag coefficient is presented. The investigation has been done with the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools and with implementation of full vehicle setup with rotating wheels. The obtained results demonstrate changes in drag coefficient with respect to the change of design parameters.
电动汽车的发展要求最大限度地减少空气动力学阻力,以提供最大的续航里程。由于与轮辋和轮拱的流动分离,车轮对整体阻力系数值有很大贡献。本文研究了各种设计参数,并给出了它们对车辆阻力系数的影响。这项研究是在计算流体动力学(CFD)工具的帮助下进行的,并实现了带旋转车轮的整车设置。所获得的结果表明,阻力系数随设计参数的变化而变化。
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引用次数: 4
Optimization of the Electric Vehicle HVAC Duct System Based on Gradient Method 基于梯度法的电动汽车暖通空调管道系统优化
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-07-27 DOI: 10.46300/9104.2020.14.18
Our study describes the optimization of the part of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of an electric car. The geometry of the air duct connected to the heater unit on one side and the dashboard on the other. From the point of view of aerodynamics, it is necessary to change the geometry of the air duct so as to minimize the loss of air pressure and ensure a more uniform flow from the exit holes to improve the efficiency of windshield heating. In order to optimize the initial geometry of the air duct, approach of using gradient methods was applied. According to the results of the study, detailed concept of optimizing the air duct of an electric car is presented. The optimized geometry was tested with the use of methods of computational aerodynamics. Calculations were made as part of the interior model of electric car with the output of temperature fields on the windshield. The results can be applied to the design of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems of vehicles in a short time.
我们的研究描述了电动汽车供暖、通风和空调系统的优化。一侧连接到加热器单元,另一侧连接到仪表板的风道的几何结构。从空气动力学的角度来看,有必要改变风管的几何形状,以最大限度地减少空气压力的损失,并确保从出口孔流出的气流更加均匀,从而提高挡风玻璃加热的效率。为了优化风管的初始几何形状,采用了梯度法。根据研究结果,提出了电动汽车风道优化的详细概念。利用计算空气动力学方法对优化后的几何结构进行了测试。作为电动汽车内部模型的一部分,利用挡风玻璃上的温度场输出进行了计算。研究结果可在短时间内应用于汽车供暖、通风和空调系统的设计。
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引用次数: 6
Performances and Shapes of Acceleration-deceleration Curve of Kinematical Linkages 运动机构加减速曲线的性能与形状
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.46300/9104.2020.14.16
Ioana Enescu
The transient duty has a very important role within the kinematical linkages of the numerical control machine tools and industrial robots. The acceleration and deceleration of the movable element of the kinematical linkage participates directly to achieving the positioning accuracy and to the path error. This work presents the main shapes of the acceleration- deceleration curve of the kinematical linkage, as well as their performances. Shapes of the acceleration-deceleration curve are presented for positioning linkages as well as for contouring linkages. The extent of influence upon the contour error in case of the linear and exponential acceleration-deceleration of kinematical linkage is also presented. The works is also giving recommendations on the way of choosing the type of curve being used in case of various transient processes, by the machine tool builders, with a view to obtaining high dynamical performances. In general, the recommendations are considering the inertia of the mobile element and the imposed path error. By knowing the acceleration shape, the machine tool designer and builder can know, even from the design stage, the area of the transient duty where the acceleration is maximal. The maximum acceleration imposes the rate of the impulsion torque of the drive servomotor based on which the kinematical linkage is sized, in terms of its components.
瞬态负载在数控机床和工业机器人的运动连杆中起着非常重要的作用。运动连杆机构可动元件的加减速直接参与到定位精度和路径误差的实现中。介绍了运动连杆机构加减速曲线的主要形状及其性能。给出了用于定位连杆机构以及用于仿形连杆机构的加速-减速曲线的形状。文中还给出了运动机构在直线加减速和指数加减速情况下对轮廓误差的影响程度。这些工作还就机床制造商在各种瞬态过程中选择曲线类型的方法提出了建议,以期获得高的动态性能。通常,建议考虑移动元件的惯性和施加的路径误差。通过知道加速度形状,机床设计者和建设者甚至可以从设计阶段就知道加速度最大的瞬态占空比区域。最大加速度施加了驱动伺服电机的冲击扭矩率,根据该冲击扭矩率确定运动连杆的尺寸。
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引用次数: 2
On the Problem of Optimizing the Door Hinge of Electro Car by Generative Design Methods 基于生成设计方法的电动汽车车门铰链优化问题研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-07-21 DOI: 10.46300/9104.2020.14.15
Our research describes the optimization of car door hinges. The model we are considering is a pair of upper and lower hinges of car doors and cases of their loading. Optimization of this part of the vehicle consists in reducing the mass of the product, which is taken as the target function, while maintaining the mechanical characteristics within acceptable values. The characteristics of various types of manufacturing, such as milling, casting, and additive manufacturing, were also used as optimization criteria. During the research the authors have undertaken the task of using the most advanced approaches for calculation, optimization and analysis of their results, which are the use of special calculation systems, calculations that are performed on the GPU, what is the way much reduces the required optimization time, methods of generative design to achieve the required criteria and consideration of possible methods of manufacture of the workpiece in terms of additive manufacturing. The result of our research is the concept of optimizing vehicle door hinges and selecting the appropriate production method. As a test of the positive effect of the applied method, a repeated static calculation of the structure was made, based on the optimized geometry.
我们的研究描述了车门铰链的优化。我们所考虑的模型是一对车门的上、下铰链及其装载情况。整车这部分的优化是以降低产品质量为目标函数,同时保持机械特性在可接受的范围内。各种制造类型的特点,如铣削、铸造和增材制造,也被用作优化标准。在研究过程中,作者承担了使用最先进的方法进行计算,优化和分析结果的任务,这些方法是使用特殊的计算系统,在GPU上执行的计算,大大减少所需的优化时间的方法,生成设计方法以达到所需的标准,并考虑在增材制造方面制造工件的可能方法。我们的研究结果是优化车门铰链的概念和选择合适的生产方法。为了验证所采用方法的积极效果,在优化几何结构的基础上,对结构进行了反复的静力计算。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
International Journal of Mechanics
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