− 30 − Synthesiology English edition Vol.7 No.1 pp.30-43 (Jun. 2014) bound routes), and switching to one route if the other is disrupted. However, in a major disaster such as the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake (Great East Japan Earthquake), failure recovery doesn’t work well since failures may occur in a wide region at many locations, and both routes can be disrupted. In that disaster, agile and wide-scale reconfiguration of the network was necessary. Moreover, to continue the network service without being affected by the instability of power supply due to the disaster, the importance of low power-consuming network operation in ordinary times has been recognized.
{"title":"Towards large-capacity, energy-efficient, and sustainable communication networks","authors":"Ishii Ishii, J. Kurumida, S. Namiki","doi":"10.5571/SYNTHENG.7.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/SYNTHENG.7.30","url":null,"abstract":"− 30 − Synthesiology English edition Vol.7 No.1 pp.30-43 (Jun. 2014) bound routes), and switching to one route if the other is disrupted. However, in a major disaster such as the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake (Great East Japan Earthquake), failure recovery doesn’t work well since failures may occur in a wide region at many locations, and both routes can be disrupted. In that disaster, agile and wide-scale reconfiguration of the network was necessary. Moreover, to continue the network service without being affected by the instability of power supply due to the disaster, the importance of low power-consuming network operation in ordinary times has been recognized.","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"7 1","pages":"30-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70696598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New research trends in artifactology: — Modeling of individuals and socialization technology —@@@― 個のモデリング・社会技術化へ ―","authors":"J. Ota, N. Nishino, T. Hara, T. Fujita","doi":"10.5571/SYNTHENG.7.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/SYNTHENG.7.200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"7 1","pages":"200-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70695922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of an advanced sewage sludge incinerator, “ turbocharged fluidized bed incinerator ”","authors":"Yoshizo Suzuki, T. Murakami, A. Kitajima","doi":"10.5571/SYNTHENG.7.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/SYNTHENG.7.12","url":null,"abstract":"be","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"7 1","pages":"12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70696072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When an organism is exposed to radiation, various effects occur, though there may be differences in quality or degree. These are the cleavage of nucleic acids and the denaturalization of biological substances by active oxygen and free radicals that are produced by the excitation of water caused by the energy absorbed by the body, depending on the types of radiation such as alpha ray, beta ray, gamma ray, X-ray, or neutron ray. Many such effects are not favorable to biological activity. Since the organisms evolved to adapt to the radiation in the natural environment including cosmic rays, natural radiation from earth, and radiation derived from substances ingested as food, organisms inherently possess a molecular mechanism to overcome such effects. Therefore, most of the effects of radiations at the level present in the natural environment do not cause problems on the individual level. However, when there is exposure to extremely high level of radiation, damage always occurs in a short period (this is called the acute radiation syndrome, or deterministic effect), and this may override the natural healing ability of the organism, and may lead to death of an individual at the worst. Even at low-level exposure, damages may manifest at certain probability after some passage of time (this is called the late radiation injury, or stochastic effect) (Fig. 1).
{"title":"Development of a stable growth factor suitable for radioprotection","authors":"T. Imamura","doi":"10.5571/SYNTHENG.7.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/SYNTHENG.7.134","url":null,"abstract":"When an organism is exposed to radiation, various effects occur, though there may be differences in quality or degree. These are the cleavage of nucleic acids and the denaturalization of biological substances by active oxygen and free radicals that are produced by the excitation of water caused by the energy absorbed by the body, depending on the types of radiation such as alpha ray, beta ray, gamma ray, X-ray, or neutron ray. Many such effects are not favorable to biological activity. Since the organisms evolved to adapt to the radiation in the natural environment including cosmic rays, natural radiation from earth, and radiation derived from substances ingested as food, organisms inherently possess a molecular mechanism to overcome such effects. Therefore, most of the effects of radiations at the level present in the natural environment do not cause problems on the individual level. However, when there is exposure to extremely high level of radiation, damage always occurs in a short period (this is called the acute radiation syndrome, or deterministic effect), and this may override the natural healing ability of the organism, and may lead to death of an individual at the worst. Even at low-level exposure, damages may manifest at certain probability after some passage of time (this is called the late radiation injury, or stochastic effect) (Fig. 1).","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"7 1","pages":"134-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70696092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the methods for measuring standardization activities in basic research and applied and development research. Such methods are supposed to enable more sophisticated management of innovation in organizations. This paper focuses on standardization activities relating to intellectual property, because such activities are thought to be strongly linked to innovation. Universities and technology licensing organizations were chosen as examples of basic research institutions. Companies in the electric machinery industry and information and communication industry were selected as examples of the applied and development research institutions. First, the stability of data over multiple years and the validity of the definition of standardization activities are discussed. Then, the difference in measurement results between basic research, and applied and development research is described. A hypothesis is proposed that the ratio of standardization activities in basic research is as high as that in applied and development research. Case of universities and technology licensing organizations, and the electric machinery industry 研究論文：基礎研究および応用・開発研究における標準化活動に係る投入資源の計量方法および差異について（田村）
{"title":"Measurement of input resources for standardization activities in basic research and applied and development research, and the difference of the measuring results between the research types","authors":"Suguru Tamura","doi":"10.5571/SYNTHENG.6.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/SYNTHENG.6.166","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the methods for measuring standardization activities in basic research and applied and development research. Such methods are supposed to enable more sophisticated management of innovation in organizations. This paper focuses on standardization activities relating to intellectual property, because such activities are thought to be strongly linked to innovation. Universities and technology licensing organizations were chosen as examples of basic research institutions. Companies in the electric machinery industry and information and communication industry were selected as examples of the applied and development research institutions. First, the stability of data over multiple years and the validity of the definition of standardization activities are discussed. Then, the difference in measurement results between basic research, and applied and development research is described. A hypothesis is proposed that the ratio of standardization activities in basic research is as high as that in applied and development research. Case of universities and technology licensing organizations, and the electric machinery industry 研究論文：基礎研究および応用・開発研究における標準化活動に係る投入資源の計量方法および差異について（田村）","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"166-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70694205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
−177− Synthesiology English edition Vol.6 No.3 pp.177-183 (Dec. 2013) methods for developing GERAS further and for diffusing it in the industrial field. Also, since the combination and fusion of the complex technological elements are important, the discussion will be from new viewpoints including the drafting of whole scenarios in R&D, improvement of vulnerability of the system, and the construction of a portfolio and social implementation. Also, the author currently belongs to the environmental science department of a university, and would like to state the basic concept on the role and collaboration of industry, government, and academia in a technological development, mainly from the academic stance.
{"title":"Portfolio structuring and social implementation in the development of complex technology","authors":"T. Komai","doi":"10.5571/SYNTHENG.6.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/SYNTHENG.6.177","url":null,"abstract":"−177− Synthesiology English edition Vol.6 No.3 pp.177-183 (Dec. 2013) methods for developing GERAS further and for diffusing it in the industrial field. Also, since the combination and fusion of the complex technological elements are important, the discussion will be from new viewpoints including the drafting of whole scenarios in R&D, improvement of vulnerability of the system, and the construction of a portfolio and social implementation. Also, the author currently belongs to the environmental science department of a university, and would like to state the basic concept on the role and collaboration of industry, government, and academia in a technological development, mainly from the academic stance.","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"59 1","pages":"177-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70694248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2.1 Significance of accident database The occurrence of an accident at a chemical plant can result in severe censure if a similar accident had occurred previously at the same plant, but criticism can also be harsh if information on such an accident occurring at another company or plant had not been effectively considered and utilized. “Learn from accidents” is a common suggestion, and emphasizes the point that past accidents can serve as instructors that help prevent future accidents. When contemplating or planning an operation, questions arise such as regarding the types of risks present and accidents that may occur. In many instances, this can only be accomplished by actual implementation. However, since gaining first-hand accident experience is problematic, if records related to failure cases that resulted in accidents exist, they can serve as teaching materials that should be learned from. This is the starting point for compiling accident cases.
{"title":"Industrial safety and application of the chemical accidents database","authors":"Y. Wada","doi":"10.5571/SYNTHENG.6.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/SYNTHENG.6.212","url":null,"abstract":"2.1 Significance of accident database The occurrence of an accident at a chemical plant can result in severe censure if a similar accident had occurred previously at the same plant, but criticism can also be harsh if information on such an accident occurring at another company or plant had not been effectively considered and utilized. “Learn from accidents” is a common suggestion, and emphasizes the point that past accidents can serve as instructors that help prevent future accidents. When contemplating or planning an operation, questions arise such as regarding the types of risks present and accidents that may occur. In many instances, this can only be accomplished by actual implementation. However, since gaining first-hand accident experience is problematic, if records related to failure cases that resulted in accidents exist, they can serve as teaching materials that should be learned from. This is the starting point for compiling accident cases.","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"212-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70694766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of fiber optic broadband vibration-detection system","authors":"H. Tsuda, E. Sato, T. Nakajima, A. Sato","doi":"10.5571/SYNTHENG.6.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/SYNTHENG.6.50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"50-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70695492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Arimoto, Y. Anzai, H. Kuwahara, A. Tsuge, Michiharu Nakamura, K. Furukawa, H. Yoshikawa, M. Akamatsu
{"title":"Roundtable talk to commemorate the fifth anniversary of the publication of Synthesiology New research method in the age of science, technology, and innovation","authors":"T. Arimoto, Y. Anzai, H. Kuwahara, A. Tsuge, Michiharu Nakamura, K. Furukawa, H. Yoshikawa, M. Akamatsu","doi":"10.5571/SYNTHENG.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5571/SYNTHENG.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39206,"journal":{"name":"Synthesiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70693217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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