Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.003
Andrea M. Prinzi , Erin Garcia de Jesús , Richard E. Davis
{"title":"Communication is the bridge between confusion and clarity: Microbiology science communication","authors":"Andrea M. Prinzi , Erin Garcia de Jesús , Richard E. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 23","pages":"Pages 201-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143283121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.003
Joshua D. Shirley Ph.D., Joseph D. Yao M.D.
Adenovirus (AdV) is a common cause of mild respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract infections in immunocompetent children and adults. Among hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, such infections can be severe and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of AdV infections in immunocompromised individuals varies according to the degree of immunosuppression and age, with such infection due to either primary infections or reactivation of latent virus. Diagnosis of AdV is frequently made using molecular test methods, mainly qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Qualitative-PCR assays provide a presumptive diagnosis of AdV infections, while serial quantitative-PCR assay results provide clinical specificity in determining the significance of AdV detection in immunocompromised patients. Since AdV can be detected in various clinical specimens obtained from asymptomatic individuals, clinical correlation of positive AdV DNA test results is essential for clinical management of HSCT and SOT recipients.
{"title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of Adenoviral Infections in Transplant Recipients","authors":"Joshua D. Shirley Ph.D., Joseph D. Yao M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Adenovirus (AdV) is a common cause of mild respiratory tract and </span>gastrointestinal tract infections<span><span><span><span><span> in immunocompetent children and adults. Among hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) and solid organ </span>transplant (SOT) recipients, such infections can be severe and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of </span>AdV infections in immunocompromised individuals varies according to the degree of </span>immunosuppression<span> and age, with such infection due to either primary infections or reactivation of </span></span>latent virus<span><span><span>. Diagnosis of AdV is frequently made using molecular test methods, mainly qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Qualitative-PCR assays provide a presumptive diagnosis of AdV infections, while serial quantitative-PCR assay results provide clinical specificity in determining the significance of AdV detection in </span>immunocompromised patients. Since AdV can be detected in various clinical specimens obtained from asymptomatic individuals, clinical correlation of positive AdV DNA test results is essential for clinical management of </span>HSCT and SOT recipients.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 22","pages":"Pages 189-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143240057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.002
{"title":"A special invitation to authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 21","pages":"Page 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143290849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.001
Rebecca M. Marrero Rolon M.D.
The definitive diagnosis of infections requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates clinical assessment, imaging studies, and microbiologic studies. Histopathology and cytopathology are well-recognized diagnostic modalities that allow visualization, not only of infectious agents, but of the host response to an infection. These preparations allow rapid and direct examination of patient specimens and can help establish a diagnosis of infection and guide patient management. Anatomic pathologists and microbiologists play an important role in the interpretation of findings in histopathology and cytopathology, and their collaborations can enhance the utility of these diagnostic tools. Identification of unique morphologic features of infectious agents in tissue and other patient specimens and understanding the pathophysiology of infections and the tissue reaction they elicit are important skills. Familiarity with available ancillary stains and tests that can be employed for tissue and specimen examination is also important for a complete diagnostic evaluation. Part II of this two-part article covers fungal infections, viral infections, and parasitic infections.
{"title":"Histopathology of Infectious Diseases: a Practical Approach to Slide Examination and Interpretation: Part II of II","authors":"Rebecca M. Marrero Rolon M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The definitive diagnosis of infections requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates clinical assessment, imaging studies, and microbiologic studies. Histopathology<span><span> and cytopathology<span><span><span><span> are well-recognized diagnostic modalities that allow visualization, not only of infectious agents, but of the host response to an infection. These preparations allow rapid and direct examination of patient specimens and can help establish a diagnosis of infection and guide patient management. Anatomic pathologists and microbiologists play an important role in the </span>interpretation of findings in histopathology and cytopathology, and their collaborations can enhance the utility of these diagnostic tools. Identification of unique morphologic features of infectious agents in tissue and other patient specimens and understanding the </span>pathophysiology<span> of infections and the tissue reaction they elicit are important skills. Familiarity with available ancillary stains and tests that can be employed for tissue and specimen examination is also important for a complete diagnostic evaluation. Part II of this two-part article covers fungal infections, </span></span>viral infections, and </span></span>parasitic infections.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 21","pages":"Pages 177-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143290848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.12.001
Rebecca M. Marrero Rolon M.D.
The definitive diagnosis of infections requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates clinical assessment, imaging studies, and microbiologic studies. Histopathology and cytopathology are well-recognized diagnostic modalities that allow visualization, not only of infectious agents, but of the host response to an infection. These preparations allow rapid and direct examination of patient specimens and can help establish a diagnosis of infection and guide patient management. Anatomic pathologists and microbiologists play an important role in the interpretation of findings in histopathology and cytopathology, and their collaborations can enhance the utility of these diagnostic tools. Identification of unique morphologic features of infectious agents in tissue and other patient specimens and understanding the pathophysiology of infections and the tissue reaction they elicit are important skills. Familiarity with available ancillary stains and tests that can be employed for tissue and specimen examination is also important for a complete diagnostic evaluation. Part I of this two-part article provides and overview of the approach to examination of histopathologic and cytopathologic sections, and bacterial infections.
{"title":"Histopathology of Infectious Diseases: a Practical Approach to Slide Examination and Interpretation: Part I of II","authors":"Rebecca M. Marrero Rolon M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The definitive diagnosis of infections requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates clinical assessment, imaging studies, and microbiologic studies. Histopathology<span> and cytopathology<span><span><span> are well-recognized diagnostic modalities that allow visualization, not only of infectious agents, but of the host response to an infection. These preparations allow rapid and direct examination of patient specimens and can help establish a diagnosis of infection and guide patient management. Anatomic pathologists and microbiologists play an important role in the </span>interpretation of findings in histopathology and cytopathology, and their collaborations can enhance the utility of these diagnostic tools. Identification of unique morphologic features of infectious agents in tissue and other patient specimens and understanding the </span>pathophysiology of infections and the tissue reaction they elicit are important skills. Familiarity with available ancillary stains and tests that can be employed for tissue and specimen examination is also important for a complete diagnostic evaluation. Part I of this two-part article provides and overview of the approach to examination of histopathologic and cytopathologic sections, and bacterial infections.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 20","pages":"Pages 167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143222986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.11.001
Jennifer D. Bowling Ph.D., MLS(ASCP)CM , Hannah K. Gray Ph.D., M(ASCP)CM , Esther Vaugon M.D. , Lucas J. Osborn Ph.D., MLS(ASCP)CM
Medical microbiology is a dynamic science essential to the clinical diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. Medical microbiologists serve as content experts in bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites as they pertain to human infections. There are several different paths one may take to become the director of a medical microbiology laboratory, the most common of which are enrollment in an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-approved fellowship for applicants with medical degrees or an American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Subcommittee on Post-Graduate Education Programs (CPEP) fellowship for those with a Ph.D., M.D., Sc.D., D.O. and Dr. P.H. Upon completion of either track, fellows are eligible to sit for the American Board of Medical Microbiology (ABMM) examination. Additional eligibility tracks are available for equivalent training experiences in Canada and also through non-fellowship medical microbiology experience.
A day in the life of a medical microbiology fellow can vary drastically but can typically be summarized by three primary responsibilities in descending order of effort: clinical service, research, and teaching. A medical microbiology fellowship represents an opportunity to acquire new knowledge, apply what you have learned, and develop the skills necessary to direct a laboratory. While all fellowship programs lead to eligibility for the ABMM examination, certain aspects are unique to the training experience at each program. Here, we present the distinct perspectives of four current medical microbiology fellows, highlighting the common themes and diversity of experiences leading up to and during fellowship.
{"title":"A Day in the Life of a Medical Microbiology Fellow: Four Perspectives","authors":"Jennifer D. Bowling Ph.D., MLS(ASCP)CM , Hannah K. Gray Ph.D., M(ASCP)CM , Esther Vaugon M.D. , Lucas J. Osborn Ph.D., MLS(ASCP)CM","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Medical microbiology<span> is a dynamic science essential to the clinical diagnosis and management of infectious diseases. Medical microbiologists serve as content experts in bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites as they pertain to human infections. There are several different paths one may take to become the director of a medical microbiology laboratory, the most common of which are enrollment in an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-approved fellowship for applicants with medical degrees or an American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Subcommittee on Post-Graduate Education Programs (CPEP) fellowship for those with a Ph.D., M.D., Sc.D., D.O. and Dr. P.H. Upon completion of either track, fellows are eligible to sit for the American Board of Medical Microbiology (ABMM) examination. Additional eligibility tracks are available for equivalent training experiences in Canada and also through non-fellowship medical microbiology experience.</span></p><p>A day in the life of a medical microbiology fellow can vary drastically but can typically be summarized by three primary responsibilities in descending order of effort: clinical service, research, and teaching. A medical microbiology fellowship represents an opportunity to acquire new knowledge, apply what you have learned, and develop the skills necessary to direct a laboratory. While all fellowship programs lead to eligibility for the ABMM examination, certain aspects are unique to the training experience at each program. Here, we present the distinct perspectives of four current medical microbiology fellows, highlighting the common themes and diversity of experiences leading up to and during fellowship.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 19","pages":"Pages 159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138471745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.10.001
Kinga T. Kowalewska-Grochowska M.D., FRCP(C)
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a life-threatening zoonotic infection caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, an intestinal cestode of carnivorous animals (mostly canids). Its life cycle includes an adult stage in the intestines of carnivores and a larval stage (metacestode) in tissues of herbivores or omnivores. Humans are accidental/aberrant hosts and harbor the metacestode only. The disease presents as a continuously growing tumor-like liver mass with local or metastatic spread to distant organs, with mortality approaching 90% if untreated or partially treated. Diagnosis is based on characteristic imaging, serology and histopathology, and confirmation by nucleic acid amplification test. The geographical distribution of E. multilocularis covers most of the northern hemisphere, with human cases in Europe, Japan, Central Asia, and now North America. The recent establishment of a new parasite strain that is pathogenic to humans in Canada and the United States poses an emerging medical and public health threat and warrants a reassessment of our approach to this parasite.
{"title":"Echinococcus multilocularis and Alveolar Echinococcosis: Should We Be Concerned?","authors":"Kinga T. Kowalewska-Grochowska M.D., FRCP(C)","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Alveolar echinococcosis<span> (AE) is a life-threatening zoonotic infection caused by </span></span><span><span>Echinococcus multilocularis</span></span><span><span><span>, an intestinal cestode<span> of carnivorous animals (mostly canids). Its life cycle<span> includes an adult stage in the intestines of carnivores and a larval stage (metacestode) in tissues of herbivores or omnivores<span>. Humans are accidental/aberrant hosts and harbor the metacestode only. The disease presents as a continuously growing tumor-like liver mass with local or metastatic spread to distant organs, with mortality approaching 90% if untreated or partially treated. Diagnosis is based on characteristic imaging, </span></span></span></span>serology and </span>histopathology<span>, and confirmation by nucleic acid amplification test. The geographical distribution of </span></span><em>E. multilocularis</em><span> covers most of the northern hemisphere, with human cases in Europe, Japan, Central Asia, and now North America. The recent establishment of a new parasite<span> strain that is pathogenic to humans in Canada and the United States poses an emerging medical and public health threat and warrants a reassessment of our approach to this parasite.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 18","pages":"Pages 151-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143212136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.10.002
{"title":"A Special Invitation to Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 18","pages":"Page 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143212137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.09.001
Jeffrey D. Whitman
Chagas disease is a chronic infection by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The epidemiology of the disease results from the distribution of its arthropod vector, the triatomine bug, throughout Latin America and the southern United States, as well as migration of chronically infected individuals worldwide. In mammals, the parasite cycles through an extracellular infective form and an intracellular replicative form with tropism for cardiac and gastrointestinal (GI) tissues. Over decades, the low-grade inflammatory response can lead to cardiomyopathy and GI dysmotility disorders. This natural history necessitates presentation-dependent diagnostic approaches for clinical workup and risk-based screening, as well as blood donor and organ transplant screening. Implementing effective Chagas disease testing in the U.S. is an increasing topic of interest but is hindered by low provider awareness, few FDA-cleared assays, and limited laboratory capacity for multi-step confirmatory testing. This article provides a clinically focused review of Chagas disease, outlines the current status of clinical testing in the U.S., and reports on new innovations in diagnostics and research that may impact the field.
{"title":"Chagas Disease: a Review and Perspective on Laboratory Diagnostics in the United States","authors":"Jeffrey D. Whitman","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chagas disease is a chronic infection by the protozoan parasite <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em>. The epidemiology of the disease results from the distribution of its arthropod vector, the triatomine bug, throughout Latin America and the southern United States, as well as migration of chronically infected individuals worldwide. In mammals, the parasite cycles through an extracellular infective form and an intracellular replicative form with tropism for cardiac and gastrointestinal (GI) tissues. Over decades, the low-grade inflammatory response can lead to cardiomyopathy and GI dysmotility disorders. This natural history necessitates presentation-dependent diagnostic approaches for clinical workup and risk-based screening, as well as blood donor and organ transplant screening. Implementing effective Chagas disease testing in the U.S. is an increasing topic of interest but is hindered by low provider awareness, few FDA-cleared assays, and limited laboratory capacity for multi-step confirmatory testing. This article provides a clinically focused review of Chagas disease, outlines the current status of clinical testing in the U.S., and reports on new innovations in diagnostics and research that may impact the field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 17","pages":"Pages 141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49750033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.09.002
{"title":"A special invitation to authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39211,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Newsletter","volume":"45 17","pages":"Page 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49701366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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