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PEOPLE’S ATTITUDES TOWARDS USE OF ELECTRIC CARS IN AOTEAROA NEW ZEALAND 在新西兰,人们对使用电动汽车的态度
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-20 DOI: 10.47781/asia-pacific.vol39.iss0.4447
Z. Ali, Amrita Kondal
This study aims to explore the attitudes and perception of people and their intention to use the electric cars based on its cost, usefulness, satisfaction, enjoyment, ease of use and their expectation from government in the form of subsidies to the owners of electric cars, which finally results in their purchase intentions. A descriptive research design is used for this study and the data have been collected from 203 participants from New Zealand. A survey method was used and the questionnaire was developed. The results of the survey indicate that a higher percentage of the respondents are ready to embark on the use of electric cars and the only factor that acts as a constraint in their buying interest is the cost of the car. It is also evident from the results that people are concerned about environmental sustainability and with a little push from the government can convince the people and can initiate their switch to electric cars.
本研究旨在探讨人们对电动汽车的态度、感知和使用意愿,基于电动汽车的成本、有用性、满意度、享受性、易用性以及他们对政府以补贴的形式对电动汽车车主的期望,最终导致他们的购买意愿。本研究采用描述性研究设计,数据来自新西兰203名参与者。采用调查法,编制问卷。调查结果显示,更高比例的受访者准备开始使用电动汽车,而限制他们购买兴趣的唯一因素是汽车的成本。从结果中也可以明显看出,人们关心环境的可持续性,只要政府稍加推动,就可以说服人们,并开始转向电动汽车。
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引用次数: 0
TRAFFIC AND URBAN CULTURE 交通与城市文化
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-20 DOI: 10.47781/asia-pacific.vol39.iss0.4398
Ren Guangxu, Faraz Anjum
The development of modern railways has had a profound impact on Chinese cities, especially, in the context of the aggression to modern China. Harbin, once a rural area nearby Songhua River, has been transformed into an international city of modern China, the most significant reason is the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway during 1898-1903. It became the external force that changed Harbin. With the railway's opened, Harbin became the center of commodity trade exchange, while more and more people settled in Harbin. Immigrants who came from different countries and places brought their own culture and customs into Harbin, which impacted Chinese people who lived in Harbin. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of the construction of the Chinese Eastern Railway on the cultural diversity of Harbin city from the perspective of railway-induced social change.
现代铁路的发展对中国城市产生了深远的影响,特别是在近代中国遭受侵略的背景下。哈尔滨,曾经是松花江附近的一个农村地区,已经转变为近代中国的一个国际城市,最重要的原因是1898-1903年中国东部铁路的建设。它成为改变哈尔滨的外部力量。随着铁路的开通,哈尔滨成为商品贸易交流的中心,越来越多的人在哈尔滨定居。来自不同国家和地区的移民给哈尔滨带来了自己的文化和习俗,影响了居住在哈尔滨的中国人。因此,本文从铁路引发的社会变迁的视角来考察东线铁路建设对哈尔滨市文化多样性的影响。
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引用次数: 0
ASSURED RETALIATION: MAKING SENSE OF THE CHINESE NUCLEAR DOCTRINE 确保报复:理解中国的核主义
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-02-20 DOI: 10.47781/asia-pacific.vol39.iss0.4400
R. Zeb, Ali Khan Ghumro
Employing the qualitative and historical analysis method, this paper overviews the Chinese nuclear doctrine and how it has evolved over the years with particular focus on the Chinese policy of ‘no-first use of nuclear weapons’ and its future. This paper argues that to understand the role assigned to the nuclear weapons in the Chinese defense policy, one must comprehend Chinese strategic thinking and where does nuclear weapons lie in this thinking. The paper further argues that for a better understanding of Chinese strategic thinking, it is imperative to be cognizant of the strategic language and vocabulary used by the Chinese strategic thinkers. The paper also analyses the command and control set up for the Chinese nuclear weapons and the American assessment of the Chinese nuclear capability. The argument put forth is that the American assessment of the Chinese nuclear capabilities is mostly exaggerated as it has security implications for American interests regionally and globally. The paper also argues that despite new emerging threats in the technological domain, China would continue pursuing the policy of no first use in the foreseeable future.
本文采用定性和历史分析的方法,概述了中国的核主义及其多年来的演变,特别关注中国的“不首先使用核武器”政策及其未来。本文认为,要理解核武器在中国国防政策中的作用,就必须理解中国的战略思想以及核武器在这一思想中的位置。本文进一步认为,为了更好地理解中国战略思维,有必要认识中国战略思想家使用的战略语言和词汇。文章还分析了中国核武器的指挥控制制度和美国对中国核能力的评估。提出的论点是,美国对中国核能力的评估大多被夸大了,因为它对美国在地区和全球的利益都有安全影响。该文件还认为,尽管在技术领域出现了新的威胁,但在可预见的未来,中国将继续奉行不首先使用核武器的政策。
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引用次数: 0
CHINA’S STRATEGY TOWARDS TALIBAN-LED AFGHANISTAN 中国对塔利班领导的阿富汗的战略
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.47781/asia-pacific.vol39.iss0.4355
I. Abbasi, Mukesh Kumar Khatwani
With the withdrawal of the United States and NATO-led forces from Afghanistan, the instant takeover of Kabul by the Taliban forces shocked the World. China was the only country that responded this shift with calm and cautiousness. China’s calmness over this major shift on the regional level has raised several questions regarding its policy and approach towards Afghanistan under Taliban rule. As a hard-headed worldwide player as well as a competitor of the United States, China must have some strategies and reasons to deal with the Taliban-led Afghanistan for the achievement of its mega plans. It is conceivable that all present and future plans of China require peaceful and stable South and Central Asia, which is far-fetched without political stability and security in Afghanistan. To understand the way, China deals with the Taliban-led Afghanistan, this paper explores four questions. First, what did China want from Taliban? Is Takeover of Taliban an opportunity for China to fill vacuum or there are other interests? What does China make of this new transition? And, how will China go ahead with Taliban-led Afghanistan? This research finds that China needs to have cordial relations with Taliban ruled Afghanistan for the peace and stability in the region so that it could accomplish its regional and international projects.
随着美国和北约领导的部队从阿富汗撤出,塔利班武装立即占领喀布尔,震惊了世界。中国是唯一一个冷静而谨慎地应对这种转变的国家。中国在地区层面上对这一重大转变的冷静,引发了人们对其对塔利班统治下的阿富汗的政策和做法的几个问题。作为一个头脑冷静的国际参与者和美国的竞争对手,中国必须有一些策略和理由来处理塔利班领导的阿富汗,以实现其庞大的计划。可以想象,中国现在和未来的一切计划都需要南亚和中亚的和平与稳定,如果没有阿富汗的政治稳定和安全,这是难以实现的。为了理解中国应对塔利班领导的阿富汗的方式,本文探讨了四个问题。首先,中国想从塔利班那里得到什么?接管塔利班是中国填补真空的机会还是有其他利益?中方如何看待这一新的转变?中国将如何处理塔利班领导的阿富汗问题?本研究发现,为了地区的和平与稳定,中国需要与塔利班统治的阿富汗建立友好关系,以完成其地区和国际项目。
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引用次数: 0
MARITIME SILK ROAD AND CHINA’S EVOLVING GRAND STRATEGY FOR ASIA-PACIFIC 海上丝绸之路与中国的亚太大战略
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.47781/asia-pacific.vol39.iss0.4325
Saima Manzoor
This article specifically explains China’s Grand Strategy in Asia-Pacific. Firstly, it explains the importance of Asia-Pacific and then explains China’s Grand Strategy for Asia-Pacific in detail. This paper summing up the findings of PhD thesis ‘China’s Grand Strategy and Reshaping the Regional Order: A Case Study of Asia-Pacific’ argues that China has a clear and coherent Grand Strategy for the Asia-Pacific region. In addition to that, it analyses the basic components of Chinese Grand Strategy and identifies the way China is utilizing its economic, political, diplomatic, and security means to secure its interests in the Asia-Pacific region and to maintain the regional order.
本文具体阐述了中国在亚太地区的大战略。首先阐述了亚太的重要性,然后详细阐述了中国的亚太大战略。本文总结了博士论文《中国的大战略与重塑地区秩序:以亚太地区为例》的研究结果,认为中国对亚太地区有一个清晰而连贯的大战略。此外,还分析了中国大战略的基本组成部分,指出了中国如何利用经济、政治、外交、安全等手段来确保其在亚太地区的利益和维持地区秩序。
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引用次数: 0
SIGNIFICANCE OF CPEC FOR CHINA AND PAKISTAN 中巴经济走廊对中国和巴基斯坦的意义
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.47781/asia-pacific.vol39.iss0.4328
Tasneem Sultana, Zobi Fatima
China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a promising initiative for Pakistan’s economic growth and development in next few decades. It appeared as a fresh start in light of country’s domestic issues, such as failing economy, extreme corruption, severe political crisis and inefficient security environment. Pakistan is likely to extract maximum benefits through CPEC in the areas of governance, economic growth and socio-political stability. However, minimum attention has been paid on the advantages generated by CPEC for China. Only few researches highlight the economic, political, geostrategic and social gains drawn by China through CPEC in detailed manner. Hence, in this study, an attempt has been made to compare and analyse the advantages of CPEC for the both China and Pakistan. Through comparative analysis, it has been tried to differentiate the extent of benefits and integrity of CPEC in next few decades for both countries. Unfortunately, Pakistan seems to generate considerably low rewards from CPEC as compare to China
中巴经济走廊是巴基斯坦未来几十年经济增长和发展的重要倡议。鉴于该国国内的问题,如经济衰退,极端腐败,严重的政治危机和低效的安全环境,这是一个新的开始。巴基斯坦很可能通过中巴经济走廊在治理、经济增长和社会政治稳定等领域获得最大利益。然而,人们很少关注中巴经济走廊给中国带来的好处。只有少数研究详细地强调了中国通过中巴经济走廊获得的经济、政治、地缘战略和社会收益。因此,在本研究中,试图比较和分析中巴经济走廊对中国和巴基斯坦的优势。通过比较分析,试图区分未来几十年中巴经济走廊对两国的利益程度和完整性。不幸的是,与中国相比,巴基斯坦从中巴经济走廊获得的回报似乎相当低
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引用次数: 0
SOUTH KOREA’S CULTURAL DIPLOMACY DURING COVID-19 AND IMPACTS OF ONLINE LEARNING: 〇新冠疫情期间的韩国文化外交及在线学习的影响
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.47781/asia-pacific.vol39.iss0.4326
Iffat Tahira
The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of South Korea’s excellent Information Technology infrastructure on students learning in online classes amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was administered on Pakistani and African (N=156) students to investigate their perceptions regarding new paradigm shift towards online learning through correlational and cross-sectional study design. Results show a significant difference between African and Pakistani students on mean scores of teaching mode and learning environment in online classes in the year 2020; t (156) = -5.353, p < .001); indicated an insignificant difference between Pakistani and African Students on mean scores of personal characteristics and factors towards online classes; t (156) =-.716, p-value .095. According to hierarchical regression, the country of the respondents emerged as the strong predictor of attitude towards online teaching that accounted for 16 % of the variance in total attitude towards online teaching, β =.38, t = 5.39, ***p < .001. Personal attributes also emerged as a significant predictor for attitude towards online teaching, β =.30, t = 4.30, ***p < .001 which accounted for 9 % variance in the attitude towards online teaching.
本研究的目的是评估在新冠疫情期间,韩国优秀的信息技术基础设施对学生在线学习的影响。通过相关和横断面研究设计,对巴基斯坦和非洲(N=156)学生进行了一项调查,以调查他们对在线学习新范式转变的看法。结果显示,非洲和巴基斯坦学生在2020年在线课堂教学模式和学习环境的平均分上存在显著差异;T (156) = -5.353, p < 0.001);巴基斯坦和非洲学生在个人特征和网络课堂因素的平均分上差异不显著;T(156) =-。716, p值为0.095。根据层次回归,受访者的国家成为对在线教学态度的强大预测因子,占对在线教学总态度方差的16%,β =。38, t = 5.39, ***p < .001。个人属性也成为在线教学态度的重要预测因子,β =。30, t = 4.30, ***p < .001,占在线教学态度方差的9%。
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引用次数: 0
CHINA’S ENGAGEMENT WITH MENA REGION UNDER XI JINPING
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.47781/asia-pacific.vol39.iss0.4327
Hussain Abbas, Bilal Habib, Ronaque Ali Behan
China has had historical relations with MENA region, though selective and limited to economic needs and interests. China’s foreign policy and economic diplomacy activism under Xi Jinping has ushered a new era of multidirectional engagement. China’s rise has made it a major actor of the international politics that has now global interests and role. This newly founded engagement in the MENA is mainly based on the Chinese compulsions of maintaining stability in the region. It includes ensuring the undisrupted supplies of energy vital for Chinese economic growth, desire of the regional partner for more financial and developmental investment. This paper endeavours to explore the recent engagement of China in the MENA region. It defines its new partnership discourse and initiatives under the Xi Jinping rule. It explains the nature, dynamics and Challenges to the Chinese ambitions and interests in the region. It concludes that China under Xi has a vision and policy to comprehensively establish relationship with the regional states on bilateral and multilateral levels but challenges to its role in the region loom large. Unless until it manages these challenges, there would be a question mark on the fulfilment of MENA dream
中国与中东和北非地区有着历史上的关系,尽管是选择性的,而且仅限于经济需求和利益。中国的崛起使其成为国际政治的主要参与者,现在具有全球利益和作用。中国在中东和北非地区新建立的参与主要是基于维护该地区稳定的必要性。它包括确保对中国经济增长至关重要的能源供应不受干扰,以及该地区合作伙伴希望获得更多金融和发展投资。本文试图探讨中国最近在中东和北非地区的参与。它解释了中国在该地区的野心和利益的性质、动态和挑战。除非它能应对这些挑战,否则中东和北非梦想的实现将打上一个问号
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引用次数: 1
PROSPECTS OF CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI) ON PAK-INDIA RELATIONS 中国“一带一路”倡议对巴印关系的展望
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-20 DOI: 10.47781/asia-pacific.vol39.iss0.4322
Muhammad Shafique ur Rehman, T. Azad, Muhammad Sadiq
China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a game changer because it offers comprehensive plans for socio-economic progression and regionalintegration at the global level by providing linkages through land and sea routes. As for South Asia is concerned, it is the least integrated and backwardregion and BRI’s two plans, China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and Bangladesh China India Myanmar Corridor (BCIM) have the potential toupraise the regional economy. The main obstacles on the way to South Asia’s economic progression are the persisting mistrust between India and Pakistanand ongoing Sino-Indian standoff. The CPEC and BCIM will create winwin scenario for China, India and Pakistan that compel them to cooperatewith one another. To realise the association between economic development and stability, the theory of neo-functionalism provides understanding tocomprehend this debate. The connectivity between CPEC and BCIM will be advantageous to India and Pakistan for their economic rise and eradicatingmistrust between them which will lead towards regional peace and stability.
中国的“一带一路”倡议改变了游戏规则,因为它通过陆路和海路的联系,在全球范围内为社会经济发展和区域一体化提供了全面的计划。就南亚而言,这是一体化程度最低、最落后的地区,“一带一路”倡议提出的中巴经济走廊和孟中印缅经济走廊具有提振地区经济的潜力。南亚经济发展道路上的主要障碍是印度和巴基斯坦之间持续存在的不信任以及持续的中印对峙。中巴经济走廊和孟中印缅将为中国、印度和巴基斯坦创造双赢局面,迫使它们相互合作。为了认识经济发展与稳定之间的联系,新功能主义理论为理解这场争论提供了理解。中巴经济走廊和孟中印缅之间的联通将有利于印度和巴基斯坦的经济崛起,消除两国之间的不信任,从而实现地区和平与稳定。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Institutional Research South East Asia
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