Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.1T6-2-1-1
K. Uemura, T. Kawada, C. Zheng, M. Sugimachi
Abstract: We have been developing a computer-controlled infusion system of cardiovascular drugs (vasodilator, inotropes, diuretics, volume-expander) to automatically optimize arterial pressure (AP), cardiac output (CO), and pulmonary wedge pressure (PCWP) in heart failure (HF). In our previous developments, however, CO and PCWP were measured through thoracotomy, and inotropes were inevitably infused, which were clinically impractical or not in line with HF guidelines. We have made the system less invasive and clinically feasible. CO and PCWP were estimated and monitored less-invasively utilizing transthoracic-echocardiography. Control algorithm was revised in accordance with the guidelines. We applied the system to 9 HF dogs. Once activated, our system immediately started infusions of vasodilator/diuretics in all animals. Inotropes was not used in 3, and used at minimal doses in 6 animals that were intolerant of vasodilators. Hemodynamic variables were controlled to their targets accurately. In conclusion, the advanced system may be useful in managing patients with HF.
{"title":"Less invasive approach to automated closed-loop control of hemodynamics in decompensated heart failure","authors":"K. Uemura, T. Kawada, C. Zheng, M. Sugimachi","doi":"10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.1T6-2-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.1T6-2-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: We have been developing a computer-controlled infusion system of cardiovascular drugs (vasodilator, inotropes, diuretics, volume-expander) to automatically optimize arterial pressure (AP), cardiac output (CO), and pulmonary wedge pressure (PCWP) in heart failure (HF). In our previous developments, however, CO and PCWP were measured through thoracotomy, and inotropes were inevitably infused, which were clinically impractical or not in line with HF guidelines. We have made the system less invasive and clinically feasible. CO and PCWP were estimated and monitored less-invasively utilizing transthoracic-echocardiography. Control algorithm was revised in accordance with the guidelines. We applied the system to 9 HF dogs. Once activated, our system immediately started infusions of vasodilator/diuretics in all animals. Inotropes was not used in 3, and used at minimal doses in 6 animals that were intolerant of vasodilators. Hemodynamic variables were controlled to their targets accurately. In conclusion, the advanced system may be useful in managing patients with HF.","PeriodicalId":39233,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77840288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.S1
Yongmin Kim
{"title":"21st-Century Academia-Industry Relationship to Foster Technology Commercialization","authors":"Yongmin Kim","doi":"10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.S1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.S1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39233,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85830290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.P3-C07-1
T. Kato, T. Uchiyama
The purpose of this study is to establish a method for identifying the transfer function between the electromyogram (EMG) and mechanomyogram (MMG) in voluntary contraction of the abductor digiti minimi muscle using a system identification method. An MMG and EMG in twitch-like contraction were measured. The measurements were repeated ten times. The EMG was full-wave rectified and then smoothed with a low-pass filter (fc=100 Hz). The smoothed EMG and the MMG were regarded as an input and an output of the system, respectively. The transfer function was identified with the subspace state space system identification method. The transfer function could be approximated with a third-order model for all subjects in five measurements or more. It was suggested that the MMG system was identified in voluntary contraction.
{"title":"System identification of mechanomyogram in voluntary contraction of abductor digiti minimi muscle","authors":"T. Kato, T. Uchiyama","doi":"10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.P3-C07-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.P3-C07-1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to establish a method for identifying the transfer function between the electromyogram (EMG) and mechanomyogram (MMG) in voluntary contraction of the abductor digiti minimi muscle using a system identification method. An MMG and EMG in twitch-like contraction were measured. The measurements were repeated ten times. The EMG was full-wave rectified and then smoothed with a low-pass filter (fc=100 Hz). The smoothed EMG and the MMG were regarded as an input and an output of the system, respectively. The transfer function was identified with the subspace state space system identification method. The transfer function could be approximated with a third-order model for all subjects in five measurements or more. It was suggested that the MMG system was identified in voluntary contraction.","PeriodicalId":39233,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering","volume":"48 3 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79909662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.P3-G04-1
Naoya Shimazaki, Shinobu Yamauchi, Y. Motohashi, Toshio Sato, T. Agishi
In indwelling needles, use of thinner needles leads to a greater discrepancy between set blood flow rate and actual blood flow rate. Providing side holes in the indwelling needle is an effective means for increasing the actual blood flow rate without changing the diameter of the indwelling needle. Given this situation, we are seeking theoretical optimization of side holes using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The blood removal pressure obtained at each prescribed blood flow rate was determined at the blood removal end. In addition, I defined fluid resistance in order to reconcile the results of the analysis with the experimental results. The results showed that the blood removal flow rate obtained from the CFD analysis conducted on indwelling needles with side holes was largely consistent with the actual blood flow rate obtained from the experiment. Thus, we were able to explore the optimization of side holes from a theoretical standpoint using CFD analysis. 1. Background In recent years, with improvements in the physical constitution of blood dialysis patients and the spread of on-line hemodiafiltration in Japan, attempts are being made to carry out hemodialysis with a higher flow rate setting for blood removal than the conventional setting. However, a larger set blood flow rate corresponds to a larger discrepancy between the set and actual blood flow rates at which blood can be removed. To compensate for this discrepancy, indwelling needles tend to have larger aperture diameters. Along with this increase in diameter, patients are suffering greater pain on puncture, and indwelling needles with a small aperture diameter are needed to reduce puncture pain while at the same time offering a smaller discrepancy between the set and actual blood flow rates. Providing side holes in the indwelling needle is an effective means for increasing the actual blood flow rate without changing the diameter of the indwelling needle. Reports have indicated, however, that when side holes are provided, resistance actually increases during blood removal, and discussion of the number and shapes of side holes, as well as the locations at which side holes are provided, has remained inadequate. Given this situation, we are seeking theoretical optimization of side holes using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. 2. Method We created a model for analysis in which a 17-G indwelling needle with an effective length of 30 mm and no side holes was positioned in a blood vessel with an inner diameter of 12 mm(Fig.1).For the fluid flowing through the blood vessel, we used water. Flow rate at the inflow entrance of the blood vessel was defined as 700 ml/min, and pressure at the outflow exit was defined as 0 Pa. We also prepared an experimental model with the same conditions as the analysis model. Using a manometer, we measured blood removal pressure at the blood removal exit of the indwelling needle in relation to the blood flow rate set for the roller pump, and
{"title":"A Study Of The Effects Of Side Holes In Indwelling Needles For Hemodialysis On Actual Blood Flow Rate Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis","authors":"Naoya Shimazaki, Shinobu Yamauchi, Y. Motohashi, Toshio Sato, T. Agishi","doi":"10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.P3-G04-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.P3-G04-1","url":null,"abstract":"In indwelling needles, use of thinner needles leads to a greater discrepancy between set blood flow rate and actual blood flow rate. Providing side holes in the indwelling needle is an effective means for increasing the actual blood flow rate without changing the diameter of the indwelling needle. Given this situation, we are seeking theoretical optimization of side holes using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The blood removal pressure obtained at each prescribed blood flow rate was determined at the blood removal end. In addition, I defined fluid resistance in order to reconcile the results of the analysis with the experimental results. The results showed that the blood removal flow rate obtained from the CFD analysis conducted on indwelling needles with side holes was largely consistent with the actual blood flow rate obtained from the experiment. Thus, we were able to explore the optimization of side holes from a theoretical standpoint using CFD analysis. 1. Background In recent years, with improvements in the physical constitution of blood dialysis patients and the spread of on-line hemodiafiltration in Japan, attempts are being made to carry out hemodialysis with a higher flow rate setting for blood removal than the conventional setting. However, a larger set blood flow rate corresponds to a larger discrepancy between the set and actual blood flow rates at which blood can be removed. To compensate for this discrepancy, indwelling needles tend to have larger aperture diameters. Along with this increase in diameter, patients are suffering greater pain on puncture, and indwelling needles with a small aperture diameter are needed to reduce puncture pain while at the same time offering a smaller discrepancy between the set and actual blood flow rates. Providing side holes in the indwelling needle is an effective means for increasing the actual blood flow rate without changing the diameter of the indwelling needle. Reports have indicated, however, that when side holes are provided, resistance actually increases during blood removal, and discussion of the number and shapes of side holes, as well as the locations at which side holes are provided, has remained inadequate. Given this situation, we are seeking theoretical optimization of side holes using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. 2. Method We created a model for analysis in which a 17-G indwelling needle with an effective length of 30 mm and no side holes was positioned in a blood vessel with an inner diameter of 12 mm(Fig.1).For the fluid flowing through the blood vessel, we used water. Flow rate at the inflow entrance of the blood vessel was defined as 700 ml/min, and pressure at the outflow exit was defined as 0 Pa. We also prepared an experimental model with the same conditions as the analysis model. Using a manometer, we measured blood removal pressure at the blood removal exit of the indwelling needle in relation to the blood flow rate set for the roller pump, and ","PeriodicalId":39233,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76156645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.1T7-4-4-1
Motoshi Tanaka, Tomohiro Ohsuga, Y. Niiyama
{"title":"Diffusive and Specific Searches on Eye Fixation in Opinion Test with Paired Food Pictures by Stimulus-Comparison","authors":"Motoshi Tanaka, Tomohiro Ohsuga, Y. Niiyama","doi":"10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.1T7-4-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.1T7-4-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39233,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79956954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.2T5-4-7-1
J. Furusho, Sora Arai, S. Tsutsui, Yukari Satsuma
There are a lot of patients with movement impairment who are paralyzed by brain stroke. Sufficient rehabilitative training is necessary for these patients. Rehabilitation support systems using force display devices are also expected to quantify the effects of rehabilitative training and enhance the motivation of patients and rehabilitation effects. Development of Upper Limb Rehabilitation System PLEMO-BAT for Stroke Patients Using Bilateral Limb Motion is presented in this paper..
{"title":"Research and Development of Rehabilitation System for Bilateral Upper Limbs Training to Stroke Patients Using Force Presentation by Brakes “PLEMO-BAT”","authors":"J. Furusho, Sora Arai, S. Tsutsui, Yukari Satsuma","doi":"10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.2T5-4-7-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.2T5-4-7-1","url":null,"abstract":"There are a lot of patients with movement impairment who are paralyzed by brain stroke. Sufficient rehabilitative training is necessary for these patients. Rehabilitation support systems using force display devices are also expected to quantify the effects of rehabilitative training and enhance the motivation of patients and rehabilitation effects. Development of Upper Limb Rehabilitation System PLEMO-BAT for Stroke Patients Using Bilateral Limb Motion is presented in this paper..","PeriodicalId":39233,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88442651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teru Yonezawa, Kenta Nomura, S. Ichimura, H. Mizoguchi, H. Takemura
{"title":"Blood flow-promoting effect of parallel link type human ankle rehabilitation assistive device: —Influence of difference in ankle exercise on blood flow in the lower limb —","authors":"Teru Yonezawa, Kenta Nomura, S. Ichimura, H. Mizoguchi, H. Takemura","doi":"10.11239/JSMBE.54.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11239/JSMBE.54.49","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39233,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering","volume":"163 1","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86882401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.P3-C05-1
Kenta Suzuki, T. Uchiyama
The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of footwear on the stiffness of the tibialis anterior muscle during walking. Three males participated in this experiment. Electrical stimulation was applied to the common peroneal nerve every two toe-offs while walking in sports shoes, slippers, and socks. Mechanomyograms (MMGs) were measured. The evoked MMG in walking was extracted using a Kalman filter and subtraction of the walking acceleration. The evoked MMG system was identified using a singular value decomposition method, and the natural frequency of the system was calculated from the transfer function. In conclusion, the natural frequency increased in the order of walking in sports shoes, slippers, and socks. It was concluded that the muscle stiffness in walking at toe-off increased in the order of walking in sports shoes, slippers, and socks.
{"title":"Influence of footwear on stiffness of tibialis anterior muscle during walking","authors":"Kenta Suzuki, T. Uchiyama","doi":"10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.P3-C05-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11239/JSMBE.54ANNUAL.P3-C05-1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of footwear on the stiffness of the tibialis anterior muscle during walking. Three males participated in this experiment. Electrical stimulation was applied to the common peroneal nerve every two toe-offs while walking in sports shoes, slippers, and socks. Mechanomyograms (MMGs) were measured. The evoked MMG in walking was extracted using a Kalman filter and subtraction of the walking acceleration. The evoked MMG system was identified using a singular value decomposition method, and the natural frequency of the system was calculated from the transfer function. In conclusion, the natural frequency increased in the order of walking in sports shoes, slippers, and socks. It was concluded that the muscle stiffness in walking at toe-off increased in the order of walking in sports shoes, slippers, and socks.","PeriodicalId":39233,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering","volume":"84 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76048440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a novel post-processing algorithm for electromyographic (EMG) pattern classification, for use with myoelectric prosthetic hands. Amputees have difficulties controlling multiple degrees of freedom, but there is an increasing number of prosthetic hands with multiple degrees of freedom. Generally, an increasing number of classes decreases the classification accuracy. Artificial neural networks have been used for EMG pattern classification in previous studies. The proposed post-processing algorithm stores the temporal sequence of classifications from the EMG pattern classification algorithm, and runs a second classification based on the sequential patterns. We compared the accuracy of the output before and after the post-processing step. In our experiment, we set the training time of the EMG pattern classification algorithm to 1 s for each class, and used three channels of surface EMG signals. We selected 7 and 9 classes of EMG patterns, and recorded the output every 10-20 ms. The classification accuracy improved by 11.5% with 7 classes, and 17.7% with 9 classes. The overall accuracy of the proposed system was 82.5% for 9 classes and 92.9% for 7 classes. With the adequately high classification accuracy and other features(small number of EMG channels and short training time), the proposed method is potentially suitable for practical use with prosthetic hands.
{"title":"Development of a Novel Post-Processing Algorithm for Myoelectric Pattern Classification","authors":"M. Kasuya, R. Kato, H. Yokoi","doi":"10.11239/AJSMBE.53.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11239/AJSMBE.53.217","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a novel post-processing algorithm for electromyographic (EMG) pattern classification, for use with myoelectric prosthetic hands. Amputees have difficulties controlling multiple degrees of freedom, but there is an increasing number of prosthetic hands with multiple degrees of freedom. Generally, an increasing number of classes decreases the classification accuracy. Artificial neural networks have been used for EMG pattern classification in previous studies. The proposed post-processing algorithm stores the temporal sequence of classifications from the EMG pattern classification algorithm, and runs a second classification based on the sequential patterns. We compared the accuracy of the output before and after the post-processing step. In our experiment, we set the training time of the EMG pattern classification algorithm to 1 s for each class, and used three channels of surface EMG signals. We selected 7 and 9 classes of EMG patterns, and recorded the output every 10-20 ms. The classification accuracy improved by 11.5% with 7 classes, and 17.7% with 9 classes. The overall accuracy of the proposed system was 82.5% for 9 classes and 92.9% for 7 classes. With the adequately high classification accuracy and other features(small number of EMG channels and short training time), the proposed method is potentially suitable for practical use with prosthetic hands.","PeriodicalId":39233,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"217-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89616783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Isobe, Yusuke Kimura, S. Kimura, T. Sera, H. Yokota, K. Ono, G. Tanaka
{"title":"Effectiveness of Two-dimensional Medical Image Interpolation in the Transverse Plane in the Voxel Analysis of Nasal Air Flow and Temperature","authors":"K. Isobe, Yusuke Kimura, S. Kimura, T. Sera, H. Yokota, K. Ono, G. Tanaka","doi":"10.11239/JSMBE.53.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11239/JSMBE.53.160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39233,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"160-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81586706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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