Pub Date : 2011-02-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e328345389e
Z. Qureshi, M. Eddleston
The incidence of adverse effects of activated charcoal in poisoned patients is unclear. We performed a search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Ovid to identify large cohorts, and both randomized and pseudorandomized controlled trials, finding nine articles. The most commonly described adverse events were vomiting, aspiration, and intubation. Activated charcoal did not increase the incidence of these adverse effects. Other adverse events such as bowel obstruction, corneal abrasions, electrolyte disturbances, and seizures were rarely reported in the trials. Activated charcoal was associated with few clinically significant adverse events in the treatment of poisoned patients.
{"title":"Adverse effects of activated charcoal used for the treatment of poisoning","authors":"Z. Qureshi, M. Eddleston","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e328345389e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e328345389e","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of adverse effects of activated charcoal in poisoned patients is unclear. We performed a search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Ovid to identify large cohorts, and both randomized and pseudorandomized controlled trials, finding nine articles. The most commonly described adverse events were vomiting, aspiration, and intubation. Activated charcoal did not increase the incidence of these adverse effects. Other adverse events such as bowel obstruction, corneal abrasions, electrolyte disturbances, and seizures were rarely reported in the trials. Activated charcoal was associated with few clinically significant adverse events in the treatment of poisoned patients.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"&NA; 1","pages":"1023–1026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e328345389e","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-12-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e328342564b
M. Bonati, C. Pandolfini, F. Kaguelidou, É. Jacqz-Aigrain, M. Turner, I. Choonara
Newborn sepsis is a major cause of child mortality across the world. Strategies for prevention and treatment have the potential to save many newborns from a sepsis-related death. Among the various parenteral antibiotic options possible, there is considerable experience with the use of penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides. Ciprofloxacin is also increasingly accepted as safe in the neonate. However, the available evidence is not of high quality, and adequate research is required to specifically address dosage schedules, safety, and efficacy of ciprofloxacin to lead to established interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality for neonatal sepsis.
{"title":"Safety of ciprofloxacin in neonates with sepsis","authors":"M. Bonati, C. Pandolfini, F. Kaguelidou, É. Jacqz-Aigrain, M. Turner, I. Choonara","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e328342564b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e328342564b","url":null,"abstract":"Newborn sepsis is a major cause of child mortality across the world. Strategies for prevention and treatment have the potential to save many newborns from a sepsis-related death. Among the various parenteral antibiotic options possible, there is considerable experience with the use of penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides. Ciprofloxacin is also increasingly accepted as safe in the neonate. However, the available evidence is not of high quality, and adequate research is required to specifically address dosage schedules, safety, and efficacy of ciprofloxacin to lead to established interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality for neonatal sepsis.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"&NA; 1","pages":"1019–1022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e328342564b","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e328340bc88
R. Ferner, J. Aronson
The rapidly expanding discipline of pharmacogenetics has helped to explain the mechanisms of susceptibility to several adverse drug reactions. The molecular details of the ‘classical’ adverse reactions, including malignant hyperthermia, haemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, and acute porphyrias, have become clearer. In addition, associations have emerged between adverse reactions and various polymorphisms that affect drug action. Examples include associations between the human leucocyte-associated antigen HLA B*5701 and hypersensitivity reactions to flucloxacillin and to the HIV protease inhibitor abacavir; between HLA B*1502 and toxic epidermal necrolysis induced in Han Chinese by antiepileptic drugs; between ion-channel mutations and drug-induced torsade de pointes; and between alterations in mitochondrial DNA and several rare adverse effects. The task of identifying individuals susceptible to adverse drug reactions should gradually become easier as more pharmacogenetic associations are described.
{"title":"Pharmacogenetics and adverse drug reactions","authors":"R. Ferner, J. Aronson","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e328340bc88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e328340bc88","url":null,"abstract":"The rapidly expanding discipline of pharmacogenetics has helped to explain the mechanisms of susceptibility to several adverse drug reactions. The molecular details of the ‘classical’ adverse reactions, including malignant hyperthermia, haemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, and acute porphyrias, have become clearer. In addition, associations have emerged between adverse reactions and various polymorphisms that affect drug action. Examples include associations between the human leucocyte-associated antigen HLA B*5701 and hypersensitivity reactions to flucloxacillin and to the HIV protease inhibitor abacavir; between HLA B*1502 and toxic epidermal necrolysis induced in Han Chinese by antiepileptic drugs; between ion-channel mutations and drug-induced torsade de pointes; and between alterations in mitochondrial DNA and several rare adverse effects. The task of identifying individuals susceptible to adverse drug reactions should gradually become easier as more pharmacogenetic associations are described.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"&NA; 1","pages":"1015–1018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e328340bc88","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-08-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e32833ee68a
RE Ferner
The ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) gene plays an important role in how drugs are metabolized, distributed and eliminated in man; these are the factors which determine whether in any particular individual a drug has an inadequate, therapeutic or toxic effect.
{"title":"ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) and the clinical pharmacology of adverse drug reactions","authors":"RE Ferner","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e32833ee68a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e32833ee68a","url":null,"abstract":"The ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) gene plays an important role in how drugs are metabolized, distributed and eliminated in man; these are the factors which determine whether in any particular individual a drug has an inadequate, therapeutic or toxic effect.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"&NA; 1","pages":"1011–1014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e32833ee68a","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-04-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283396c83
S. E. McDowell
Many drugs, when licensed, list a requirement for monitoring during treatment. Frequently, the information is vague and the adherence of the prescriber and patient to the monitoring regimen is variable and often poor. There is a need for rational monitoring schemes that clinicians can adhere to and that protect patients.
{"title":"Monitoring of patients treated with antihypertensive therapy for adverse drug reactions","authors":"S. E. McDowell","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283396c83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283396c83","url":null,"abstract":"Many drugs, when licensed, list a requirement for monitoring during treatment. Frequently, the information is vague and the adherence of the prescriber and patient to the monitoring regimen is variable and often poor. There is a need for rational monitoring schemes that clinicians can adhere to and that protect patients.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"&NA; 1","pages":"1003–1006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283396c83","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283383a63
P. Panei, R. Arcieri, M. Bonati, M. Bugarini, Anna Didoni, E. Germinario
The drugs prescribed to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, one of the most prevalent psychiatric disease affecting children and adolescents, may risk causing harm. Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned about liver and cardiovascular risks, and the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) had performed an assessment of risk–benefit ratio of psychostimulants. Pharmacovigilance in an Italian population aged 6–17 years suggests that atomoxetine is more likely to be reported as causing harm than methylphenidate.
{"title":"Safety of psychotropic drug prescribed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Italy","authors":"P. Panei, R. Arcieri, M. Bonati, M. Bugarini, Anna Didoni, E. Germinario","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283383a63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283383a63","url":null,"abstract":"The drugs prescribed to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, one of the most prevalent psychiatric disease affecting children and adolescents, may risk causing harm. Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned about liver and cardiovascular risks, and the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) had performed an assessment of risk–benefit ratio of psychostimulants. Pharmacovigilance in an Italian population aged 6–17 years suggests that atomoxetine is more likely to be reported as causing harm than methylphenidate.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"&NA; 1","pages":"999–1002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283383a63","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283357c1a
E. Goble, A. Ruhnke
The volatile anaesthetics are associated with a wide range of adverse effects. Alterations in cardiorespiratory function caused by the volatile anaesthetics can lead to undesirable effects. Specific anaesthetic agents have been associated with triggering emergence agitation in children and epileptiform activity. Concerns over nephrotoxicity due to metabolism of sevoflurane have proven unfounded. Hepatotoxicity occurs less frequently with the newer agents than with halothane but has still been reported. All modern agents can still trigger malignant hyperthermia.
{"title":"Adverse effects of the volatile anaesthetics","authors":"E. Goble, A. Ruhnke","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283357c1a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283357c1a","url":null,"abstract":"The volatile anaesthetics are associated with a wide range of adverse effects. Alterations in cardiorespiratory function caused by the volatile anaesthetics can lead to undesirable effects. Specific anaesthetic agents have been associated with triggering emergence agitation in children and epileptiform activity. Concerns over nephrotoxicity due to metabolism of sevoflurane have proven unfounded. Hepatotoxicity occurs less frequently with the newer agents than with halothane but has still been reported. All modern agents can still trigger malignant hyperthermia.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"&NA; 1","pages":"995–998"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283357c1a","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-10-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283336628
Aravindan Veiraiah, P. A. Routledge
All anticoagulant treatment increases the risk of bleeding. Warfarin causes foetal abnormalities – chrondrodysplasia punctata, and asplenia – and may increase foetal loss rate; skin necrosis and rarer adverse reactions. Unfractionated heparins can cause osteoporosis, thrombocytopenia with or without thrombosis, and other rare reactions. Low molecular weight heparins are less likely to do so.
{"title":"Adverse effects of anticoagulants","authors":"Aravindan Veiraiah, P. A. Routledge","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283336628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283336628","url":null,"abstract":"All anticoagulant treatment increases the risk of bleeding. Warfarin causes foetal abnormalities – chrondrodysplasia punctata, and asplenia – and may increase foetal loss rate; skin necrosis and rarer adverse reactions. Unfractionated heparins can cause osteoporosis, thrombocytopenia with or without thrombosis, and other rare reactions. Low molecular weight heparins are less likely to do so.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"&NA; 1","pages":"991–994"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e3283336628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-08-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e32833080d1
R. L. Branch, T. Butt
Constipation is a common and often debilitating adverse effect of many drugs. Here, we discuss drug classes associated with constipation, including opiates, calcium channel blockers, and anticholinergic agents, and aim to explain the underlying mechanisms involved.
{"title":"Drug-induced constipation","authors":"R. L. Branch, T. Butt","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e32833080d1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e32833080d1","url":null,"abstract":"Constipation is a common and often debilitating adverse effect of many drugs. Here, we discuss drug classes associated with constipation, including opiates, calcium channel blockers, and anticholinergic agents, and aim to explain the underlying mechanisms involved.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"&NA; 1","pages":"987–990"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e32833080d1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1097/FAD.0b013e32832c3d56
S. Chew
Elderly patients who take statins are predisposed to statin-induced myopathy (Part 1). The associated pain and weakness can also have a significant impact on the quality of life and lead to increased morbidity by the loss of physical ability. This part deals with the difficult problem of the diagnosis and management of statin-induced myopathy in the elderly.
{"title":"Statin-induced myopathy in the elderly: Part 2","authors":"S. Chew","doi":"10.1097/FAD.0b013e32832c3d56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/FAD.0b013e32832c3d56","url":null,"abstract":"Elderly patients who take statins are predisposed to statin-induced myopathy (Part 1). The associated pain and weakness can also have a significant impact on the quality of life and lead to increased morbidity by the loss of physical ability. This part deals with the difficult problem of the diagnosis and management of statin-induced myopathy in the elderly.","PeriodicalId":39261,"journal":{"name":"Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin","volume":"&NA; 1","pages":"983–986"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/FAD.0b013e32832c3d56","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61684473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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