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Lesson Drawing: The Congruence of Policy Transfer and Benchmarking 经验总结:政策转移与标杆管理的一致性
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2008-07-07 DOI: 10.3860/APSSR.V7I2.499
K. Mokhtar, M. S. Haron
Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 This paper attempts to examine the concepts of policy transfer and benchmarking. It provides a critical review of the underpinnings of both concepts and tries to demonstrate similarities between them. Political scientists define policy transfer as a process of learning in which government policy makers (of various kinds) across the globe observe the responses of their counterparts to similar problems. Policy transfer encompasses various activities through which knowledge is used in the development of policy anywhere in time or space. In marketing, benchmarking is defined as searching for best practices that lead to better or even excellent performance. In other words, it is a structured procedure that analyzes a process to find improvement opportunities. Based on empirical studies of the privatization of Malaysia Airlines (MAS) and marketing excellence in the Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the authors attempt to discuss similarities between policy transfer and benchmarking and identify basic criteria that underpin them.
本文试图考察策略转移和基准测试的概念。它对这两个概念的基础进行了批判性的回顾,并试图证明它们之间的相似之处。政治学家将政策转移定义为一个学习过程,在这个过程中,全球各地的政府决策者(各种类型的)观察他们的对手对类似问题的反应。政策转移包括各种活动,通过这些活动,知识可以在任何时间或空间中用于政策的制定。在市场营销中,标杆管理被定义为寻找能够带来更好甚至卓越表现的最佳实践。换句话说,它是一个结构化的过程,分析过程以发现改进机会。基于对马来西亚航空公司(MAS)私有化和马来西亚中小企业(SMEs)卓越营销的实证研究,作者试图讨论政策转移和基准之间的相似之处,并确定支撑它们的基本标准。
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引用次数: 2
Men's Involvement in Reproductive Health: An Islamic Perspective 男子参与生殖健康:伊斯兰的观点
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2008-05-12 DOI: 10.3860/APSSR.V7I1.117
Romeo B. Lee
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引用次数: 1
Japan and South Asia: Toward a Strengthened Economic Cooperation 日本与南亚:加强经济合作
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2008-05-12 DOI: 10.3860/APSSR.V7I1.112
M. Moni
While in the whole scenario of contemporary Asia-Pacific's economic prosperity, Japan's catalytic role is continuing to evolve, ironically in this region's sprawling vibrant landscape, the only backward sub-region that has not yet kept pace with this changing trend is South Asia. Despite the magnitude of Japanese development aid to all South Asian nations, the region's share in Japan's global trade and investment is too small to merit much attention. Moreover, in Tokyo's strategic-diplomatic agenda, South Asia has in fact figured little for a long time, because it has been relevant neither to Japan's security necessities nor the needs for a global economic governance framework. Nonetheless, Japan has very recently shown a heightened interest in expanding its cooperation with South Asia (particularly India). Under this backdrop, this article strives to explore the reasons why South Asia has today risen strategically in significance to the breadth of Japanese foreign policy initiatives. The study argues that for mutual values and benefits, the economic and geo-strategic partnership between Japan and South Asia needs to be nourished more effectively and constructively. This comprehensive policy-relevant scholarly piece concludes with a reasonable expectation that Tokyo's policy towards South Asia will embrace a comprehensive review process with an action-oriented roadmap in a strongly competitive and dynamically changing Asia.
虽然在当代亚太经济繁荣的整体情况下,日本的催化作用仍在继续演变,但具有讽刺意味的是,在该地区广阔而充满活力的景观中,唯一尚未跟上这种变化趋势的落后次区域是南亚。尽管日本向所有南亚国家提供了巨大的发展援助,但该地区在日本全球贸易和投资中所占的份额太小,不值得太多关注。此外,在东京的战略外交议程中,南亚实际上长期以来几乎没有得到重视,因为它既与日本的安全需要无关,也与全球经济治理框架的需要无关。尽管如此,日本最近对扩大与南亚(特别是印度)的合作表现出了极大的兴趣。在此背景下,本文力图探讨为什么南亚在今天对日本外交政策倡议的广度具有战略意义的原因。该研究认为,为了共同的价值观和利益,日本和南亚之间的经济和地缘战略伙伴关系需要得到更有效和建设性的滋养。这篇综合性的与政策相关的学术文章在总结时提出了一个合理的预期,即在竞争激烈、动态变化的亚洲,日本对南亚的政策将包括一个全面的审查过程和一个以行动为导向的路线图。
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引用次数: 4
At Home in the Cordillera Wilds: Colonial Domesticity in the Letters of Maud Huntley Jenks, 1901-1903 在科迪勒拉荒野的家:莫德·亨特利·詹克斯书信中的殖民地家庭生活,1901-1903
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2008-05-12 DOI: 10.3860/APSSR.V7I1.115
Dinah Roma-Sianturi
This paper examines colonial domesticity as embodied in the notion of “home.” At the beginning of U.S. colonial rule in the Philippines, a number of American women came as officials’ wives to establish home in the islands. Although valued as domestic figures, they were involved in more complex power relations that extended beyond the domicile and affirmed their complicity to colonialism. By problematizing the trope of separate spheres that had long assigned gender spatial identities into home and nation, this study reveals how colonial domesticity blurred this divide as it reinforced the dominant discourse of racial difference. Focusing on the letters of Maud Huntley Jenks written to her family in Wisconsin during her stay in the islands with anthropologist-husband Dr. Albert E. Jenks, I examine how colonial “otherness” is articulated by invoking “home” through Mrs. Jenks’ descriptions of the Cordillera landscape, its inhabitants, and the 1904 St. Louis Fair.
本文考察了体现在“家”概念中的殖民地家庭生活。在美国殖民统治菲律宾之初,许多美国妇女作为官员的妻子来到这个岛屿建立家园。虽然他们被视为国内人物,但他们卷入了更复杂的权力关系,这种关系延伸到住所之外,并肯定了他们与殖民主义的共犯。通过对长期以来将性别空间身份划分为家庭和国家的不同领域的比喻提出质疑,本研究揭示了殖民时期的家庭生活如何模糊了这一鸿沟,因为它强化了种族差异的主导话语。我将重点放在莫德·亨特利·詹克斯与人类学家丈夫阿尔伯特·e·詹克斯博士在岛上居住期间写给威斯康星州家人的信上,通过詹克斯夫人对科迪勒拉风景、居民和1904年圣路易斯博览会的描述,研究了殖民地的“他者性”是如何通过引用“家”来表达的。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Men in Family Planning in the Philippines: An Assessment 菲律宾男性在计划生育中的作用:评估
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2008-05-12 DOI: 10.3860/APSSR.V7I1.116
P. Ramos-jimenez, Romeo B. Lee, S. Clark, J. Flavier, Harris Solomon
Sam Clark, Jr. , Jonathan Flavier, Pilar Jimenez, Romeo Lee and Harris Solomon 1 Contractor, USAID/Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2 Chairperson, CMEN (Cooperative Movement for Encouraging NSV (No-Scalpel Vasectomy)), Quezon City, Philippines 3 Program Officer, Ford Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia 4 Associate Professor, Behavioral Sciences Department, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines 5 Ph.D. student, Anthropology Department, Brown University, United States
Sam Clark, Jr., Jonathan Flavier, Pilar Jimenez, Romeo Lee和Harris Solomon承包商,埃塞俄比亚亚斯亚贝巴美国国际开发署/埃塞俄比亚2,菲律宾奎松市CMEN(鼓励非手术刀输精管结扎合作运动)主席3,印度尼西亚雅加达福特基金会项目官员4,菲律宾马尼拉德拉萨大学行为科学系副教授5,美国布朗大学人类学系博士生
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引用次数: 9
Reflexive Textuality: Researcher as Fractured Context 反身性:作为断裂语境的研究者
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2008-05-12 DOI: 10.3860/APSSR.V7I1.114
D. Erasga
Ethnography is a form of reading in its postmodern sense. This is a methodological principle the present paper attempted to demonstrate. By analyzing an ethnographic work written by a Filipina anthropologist about a religious community in the Philippines, the author generated several rules concretizing a research methodology he called reflexive textuality. This approach transforms investigators into readers of both text and context. The basic assumption however, is that whether the investigators are reading texts and/or contexts, their interpretive engagement extends to and matters most in, the actual writing of their textual outputs. Thus, reflexive textuality does not only involve contextualizing a text (i.e., interpreting a text via its context), but also textualizing a context (i.e., converting context into a readable text). In the latter, the multiple and fragile positions a researcher invokes and brings into play while writing his/her ethnography ultimately displace the authentic context of the data set initially co-produced and co-interpreted with research participants. The paper ends with some notes on the implications of reflexive textuality as a qualitative research approach.
民族志是一种后现代意义上的阅读形式。这是本文试图论证的一个方法论原则。通过分析一位菲律宾人类学家写的关于菲律宾一个宗教社区的民族志作品,作者提出了一些规则,具体体现了他称之为反身文本性的研究方法。这种方法将研究者转变为文本和语境的读者。然而,基本的假设是,无论研究人员是阅读文本和/或上下文,他们的解释参与延伸到他们的文本输出的实际写作中,并且最重要。因此,反身语篇性不仅包括文本的语境化(即通过语境解读文本),还包括语境化(即将语境转化为可读的文本)。在后者中,研究人员在撰写他/她的民族志时援引并发挥作用的多重和脆弱的立场最终取代了最初与研究参与者共同产生和共同解释的数据集的真实背景。文章最后对反身语篇性作为一种定性研究方法的意义做了一些说明。
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引用次数: 1
Assessing the Expanded Role of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in Nation-Building 评估菲律宾武装部队在国家建设中的扩大作用
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2008-05-07 DOI: 10.3860/APSSR.V6I2.63
D. S. Acop
Apart from traditionally fighting the nation’s wars, the Armed Forces of the Philippines has often played a crucial developmental role in nation-building. Whether such should continue or not, this paper argues that the expansion or diminution of the AFP’s nation-building role ultimately depends upon its eventual impact not only on the development of the organization or the nation but on the very survival of the state itself. Supporting its argument, the paper finds evidence in the nation-building history of the AFP during five periods, beginning with the revolutionary era between 1896 and 1901, and concluding with the post-EDSA period up until the present time.
除了传统上参加国家战争外,菲律宾武装部队还经常在国家建设中发挥关键的发展作用。无论这种情况是否应该继续下去,本文认为,AFP国家建设角色的扩大或缩小最终取决于其最终影响,不仅对组织或国家的发展,而且对国家本身的生存。为了支持其论点,本文在AFP的建国历史中找到了五个时期的证据,从1896年到1901年的革命时代开始,到edsa后的时期直到现在。
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引用次数: 6
Old wine in new bottles: are free trade agreements the new protectionism? 新瓶装陈酒:自由贸易协定是新的保护主义吗?
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2008-05-07 DOI: 10.3860/APSSR.V6I2.59
C. Freedman
Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Free trade agreements have proliferated wildly in the past five years. This paper tries to make sense of this alternative approach to trade policy by carefully distinguishing free trade from free trade agreements. The motivation for the first approach is largely economic, while politics is the key driver behind the latter. In particular, large economies find it simpler to impose their objectives on smaller economies than in the multilateral environment of free trade. In particular, the allure of access to large markets can bind small countries to their larger counterparts in an interplay of political and economic ties. The leverage provided by such agreements affects the foreign policy decisions of these smaller economies and tends to draw them into conformity with that of its larger partner. In much the same way, such agreements allow large economies to foist standards involving intellectual property rights, quarantine inspection, or business practises that advance prominent vested interests within the large nation. While no single small country is significant, each agreement signed creates a precedent for the next. In aggregate, this creates de facto universal standards that are far more conducive to national interests than could be expected in multilateral negotiations. To make these points clear, I examine the recent Australia/US Free Trade Agreement. This treaty, in its way, represents some of the gravest shortcomings of this preferential approach to trade policy. By evaluating this agreement using checkpoints provided by a proponent of free trade agreements (Summers), as well as a list suggested by an academic opponent (Bhagwati), I am able to demonstrate how economics took a clear back seat in negotiating such a treaty. Given that both China and Japan, as well as the US, are now eagerly pursuing such arrangements in the Asia Pacific region as well as elsewhere, this study may provide policy guidelines to future negotiations for free trade agreements.
在过去的五年中,自由贸易协定激增。本文试图通过仔细区分自由贸易和自由贸易协定来理解这种贸易政策的替代方法。第一种方法的动机主要是经济上的,而政治是后者背后的关键驱动力。特别是,大型经济体发现,与自由贸易的多边环境相比,将它们的目标强加给较小的经济体更容易。特别是,进入大市场的诱惑可以在政治和经济关系的相互作用中将小国与较大的对手联系起来。这些协定提供的杠杆作用影响了这些较小经济体的外交政策决定,并倾向于使它们与较大伙伴的外交政策保持一致。同样,这些协议允许大型经济体强加涉及知识产权、检疫检查或商业实践的标准,这些标准在大国内部促进了突出的既得利益。虽然没有一个小国是重要的,但每一项协议的签署都为下一个国家创造了先例。总的来说,这创造了事实上的普遍标准,这些标准远比在多边谈判中所能期望的更有利于国家利益。为了阐明这些观点,我研究了最近的澳大利亚/美国自由贸易协定。就其本身而言,该条约体现了这种优惠贸易政策的一些最严重的缺点。通过使用自由贸易协定的支持者(萨默斯)提供的检查点以及学术反对者(巴格瓦蒂)提出的清单来评估这一协议,我能够证明经济学在谈判这样一项条约时是如何明显退居次要地位的。鉴于中国和日本以及美国现在都在亚太地区以及其他地方急切地寻求这样的安排,这项研究可能为未来的自由贸易协定谈判提供政策指导。
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引用次数: 0
E-Government in Singapore - A SWOT and PEST Analysis 新加坡电子政务——SWOT和PEST分析
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2008-05-07 DOI: 10.3860/APSSR.V6I2.62
Huong Ha, K. Coghill
This paper aims to review and evaluate the vision, the objectives and the strategic framework of e-Government in Singapore. Rapidity, Reliability, Efficiency, Cost-effectiveness, Customer-orientation and Accessibility are the main guidelines for the development of egovernment in Singapore in order to provide quality services to users in the digital economy. There are five thrusts and six programs of egovernance in Singapore. The development of e-Government involves three main relationships: Government to Citizen (G2C), Government to Business (G2B) and Government to Employees/Public Servants (G2E). This paper employs the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis and PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) determinants to evaluate the current state of e-Government in Singapore and its preparedness.
本文旨在回顾和评价新加坡电子政府的愿景、目标和战略框架。快速、可靠、高效、成本效益、客户导向和无障碍是新加坡电子政务发展的主要准则,以便在数字经济中为用户提供优质的服务。新加坡的电子政务有五个重点和六个项目。电子政务的发展涉及三种主要关系:政府对公民(G2C)、政府对企业(G2B)和政府对雇员/公务员(G2E)。本文采用SWOT(优势,劣势,机会和威胁)分析和PEST(政治,经济,社会和技术)决定因素来评估新加坡电子政务的现状及其准备。
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引用次数: 41
Christian Compassion and Solidarity within Capitalist Contexts 资本主义背景下的基督教同情和团结
Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2008-05-07 DOI: 10.3860/APSSR.V6I2.60
Ferdinand D. Dagmang
Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 The theories and practices of capitalism in different places and periods also produced various theories and practices of welfare which have implications for the understanding and practice of solidarity as well as that of capitalism itself. This article sets the possible expressions of Christian compassion and solidarity against the backdrop of capitalist work, commodity circulation, and the practice of welfare. It offers a stage towards a more integrated reflection on the possibility and limits of social assistance and solidarity; something necessary for the evaluation of everyday practical moral reasoning or proposals of some forms of social ethics.
在不同的地方和时期,资本主义的理论和实践也产生了各种各样的福利理论和实践,这些理论和实践对团结的理解和实践以及对资本主义本身的理解和实践都有影响。本文在资本主义劳动、商品流通和福利实践的背景下,将基督教的同情和团结的可能表达方式放在一起。它提供了一个阶段,以便对社会援助和团结的可能性和局限性进行更综合的反思;评价日常实际道德推理或某些形式的社会伦理建议所必需的东西
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Asia-Pacific Social Science Review
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