Pub Date : 2018-02-21DOI: 10.2174/1874213001811010001
M. Slukovskaya, L. Ivanova, I. Kremenetskaya, T. Gorbacheva, S. Drogobuzhskaya, V. V. Lashchuk, E. Markovskaya
RESEARCH ARTICLE Rehabilitation of Industrial Barren in Arctic Region Using Mining Wastes Marina V. Slukovskaya, Lyubov A. Ivanova, Irina P. Kremenetskaya, Tamara T. Gorbacheva, Svetlana V. Drogobuzhskaya, Vladimir V. Lashchuk and Evgenia F. Markovskaya Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Raw Materials, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok Str., 26a, Apatity, Russia Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok Str., 18a, Apatity, Russia Institute of the Industrial Ecology Problems of the North, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok Str., 14a, Apatity, Russia Petrozavodsk State University, Lenina Str., 33, Petrozavodsk, Russia
{"title":"Rehabilitation of Industrial Barren in Arctic Region Using Mining Wastes","authors":"M. Slukovskaya, L. Ivanova, I. Kremenetskaya, T. Gorbacheva, S. Drogobuzhskaya, V. V. Lashchuk, E. Markovskaya","doi":"10.2174/1874213001811010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874213001811010001","url":null,"abstract":"RESEARCH ARTICLE Rehabilitation of Industrial Barren in Arctic Region Using Mining Wastes Marina V. Slukovskaya, Lyubov A. Ivanova, Irina P. Kremenetskaya, Tamara T. Gorbacheva, Svetlana V. Drogobuzhskaya, Vladimir V. Lashchuk and Evgenia F. Markovskaya Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Rare Elements and Mineral Raw Materials, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok Str., 26a, Apatity, Russia Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok Str., 18a, Apatity, Russia Institute of the Industrial Ecology Problems of the North, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academgorodok Str., 14a, Apatity, Russia Petrozavodsk State University, Lenina Str., 33, Petrozavodsk, Russia","PeriodicalId":39335,"journal":{"name":"Open Ecology Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48247897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-25DOI: 10.2174/1874213001710010001
J. E. Mckenna
INTRODUCTION The global connectedness of ecological systems and ecological problems is becoming ever more apparent, as are the associated complexities. As a result, effective large-scale conservation is relying more on regional modeling and assessment. These regional approaches allow for evaluation of resource conditions over large areas and often have multiscale capabilities allowing examination of conditions at finer scales, within limits (Prior-Magee et al. 2007, National Fish Habitat Board, 2010, McKenna and Johnson 2011, McKenna et al. 2015). Data management and analysis limitations, as well as the scale of the problems to be addressed, require these broad-scale efforts to assume uniform average habitat conditions and/or species assemblages or populations within stream reaches (McKenna et al. 2006, Sowa et al. 2007, Kanno et al. 2014). Stream reaches (in the Great Lakes Region) are typically small (< 3 km) rarely exceeding 10 km. They may be clearly defined on a map by upstream and downstream confluences and are often the minimum reporting units for broad scale analyses. The National Hydrography Database (NHD) is widely used as a geographic foundation of these analyses and is an effective information management and analysis tool, allowing for association of local and broad-scale habitat and biological information with each stream reach within a region or the entire nation (Huang and Frimpong 2016). The NHD stream network consists of confluence-to-confluence stream reaches that range widely in length and vary with spatial resolution (e.g., 1: 100,000 or 1: 24, 000).
{"title":"Intra-reach Headwater Fish Assemblage Structure","authors":"J. E. Mckenna","doi":"10.2174/1874213001710010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874213001710010001","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION The global connectedness of ecological systems and ecological problems is becoming ever more apparent, as are the associated complexities. As a result, effective large-scale conservation is relying more on regional modeling and assessment. These regional approaches allow for evaluation of resource conditions over large areas and often have multiscale capabilities allowing examination of conditions at finer scales, within limits (Prior-Magee et al. 2007, National Fish Habitat Board, 2010, McKenna and Johnson 2011, McKenna et al. 2015). Data management and analysis limitations, as well as the scale of the problems to be addressed, require these broad-scale efforts to assume uniform average habitat conditions and/or species assemblages or populations within stream reaches (McKenna et al. 2006, Sowa et al. 2007, Kanno et al. 2014). Stream reaches (in the Great Lakes Region) are typically small (< 3 km) rarely exceeding 10 km. They may be clearly defined on a map by upstream and downstream confluences and are often the minimum reporting units for broad scale analyses. The National Hydrography Database (NHD) is widely used as a geographic foundation of these analyses and is an effective information management and analysis tool, allowing for association of local and broad-scale habitat and biological information with each stream reach within a region or the entire nation (Huang and Frimpong 2016). The NHD stream network consists of confluence-to-confluence stream reaches that range widely in length and vary with spatial resolution (e.g., 1: 100,000 or 1: 24, 000).","PeriodicalId":39335,"journal":{"name":"Open Ecology Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42387139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-17DOI: 10.2174/1874213001609010013
F. Al-Ansari, T. Ksiksi
The present investigation attempted to assess the impact of seed pre-treatments on the germination of Crotalaria persica (Burm. f.) Merr and Tephrosia apollinea (L) Pers. Equally important was our investigation to quantitatively compare different germination parameters used for seed germination studies. The results showed that the final germination was highest for both species under chipping (CHIP), sand paper (SP) and 20 to 90 minutes in concentrated sulfuric acid (SA20 to SA90). Rubbing in sand (SAND) and water-soaking (SOAK) showed lower germination percentages. Mean germination time (MGT) was highest after 50 minutes in sulfuric acid (SA50) for both C. persica and T. apollinea. The coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) was highest when seeds were treated with sulfuric acid during 30 minutes (SA30) for C. persica (56.1%) and during 60 minutes (SA60) for T. apollinea (66.8%). For the germination index (GI), chipping and all SA exposures (except 90 minutes) revealed high means for both C. persica and T. apollinea, while SP also resulted in high germination index for C. persica. The mean rate of seed germination was highest under sand rubbing and distilled water (0.9 and 0.8, respectively) for C. persica and under SA20 (1.3), for T. apollinea. The germination rate index (GRI) for C. persica was highest under CHIP, SP, and SA20 to SA60. Timson Germination Index (TGI) showed high values for most pre-treatments. The highest TGI recorded was 45.6% for SA30. As for the correlation between the germination parameters, it is recommended that final germination percent coupled with germination index are used as germination parameters. They do not require complex calculations, while they complement each other in giving a representative evaluation of seed germination.
摘要本研究旨在探讨种子预处理对甘薯(Crotalaria persica)萌发的影响。f。)水仙与水仙(L)同样重要的是我们的调查，定量比较不同的发芽参数用于种子发芽研究。结果表明，两种种子在切片(CHIP)、砂纸(SP)和浓硫酸(SA20 ~ SA90)处理20 ~ 90 min时的最终发芽率最高。砂擦(sand)和水浸(浸泡)的发芽率较低。在硫酸(SA50)中处理50 min后，桃香果和天葵的平均发芽时间(MGT)最高。种子在硫酸处理30 min (SA30)和60 min (SA60)时萌发速率系数(CVG)最高，分别为56.1%和66.8%。在萌发指数(GI)方面，除90分钟外，切片处理和所有SA处理均能使山核桃萌发指数较高，而SP处理也能使山核桃萌发指数较高。砂磨和蒸馏水处理的种子平均发芽率最高，分别为0.9和0.8，而SA20处理的种子平均发芽率最高，为1.3。在CHIP、SP和SA20 ~ SA60处理下，核桃发芽率指数(GRI)最高。Timson萌发指数(TGI)在大多数预处理条件下均较高。最高TGI记录为45.6%的SA30。对于发芽参数之间的相关性，建议采用最终发芽率与发芽指数耦合作为发芽参数。它们不需要复杂的计算，而它们在给出种子发芽的代表性评价方面相互补充。
{"title":"A Quantitative Assessment of Germination Parameters: the Case of Crotalaria Persica and Tephrosia Apollinea","authors":"F. Al-Ansari, T. Ksiksi","doi":"10.2174/1874213001609010013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874213001609010013","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation attempted to assess the impact of seed pre-treatments on the germination of Crotalaria persica (Burm. f.) Merr and Tephrosia apollinea (L) Pers. Equally important was our investigation to quantitatively compare different germination parameters used for seed germination studies. The results showed that the final germination was highest for both species under chipping (CHIP), sand paper (SP) and 20 to 90 minutes in concentrated sulfuric acid (SA20 to SA90). Rubbing in sand (SAND) and water-soaking (SOAK) showed lower germination percentages. Mean germination time (MGT) was highest after 50 minutes in sulfuric acid (SA50) for both C. persica and T. apollinea. The coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) was highest when seeds were treated with sulfuric acid during 30 minutes (SA30) for C. persica (56.1%) and during 60 minutes (SA60) for T. apollinea (66.8%). For the germination index (GI), chipping and all SA exposures (except 90 minutes) revealed high means for both C. persica and T. apollinea, while SP also resulted in high germination index for C. persica. The mean rate of seed germination was highest under sand rubbing and distilled water (0.9 and 0.8, respectively) for C. persica and under SA20 (1.3), for T. apollinea. The germination rate index (GRI) for C. persica was highest under CHIP, SP, and SA20 to SA60. Timson Germination Index (TGI) showed high values for most pre-treatments. The highest TGI recorded was 45.6% for SA30. As for the correlation between the germination parameters, it is recommended that final germination percent coupled with germination index are used as germination parameters. They do not require complex calculations, while they complement each other in giving a representative evaluation of seed germination.","PeriodicalId":39335,"journal":{"name":"Open Ecology Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68056109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-15DOI: 10.2174/1874213001609010001
M. Montealegre, M. C. González
Denitrification is a process of reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen by facultative anaerobic microorganisms, which have functional genes encoding denitrification enzymes (reductases). The nosZ gene encoding the enzyme that reduces nitrous oxide to dinitrogen was utilized in this research, as molecular marker for denitrifying communities into low oxygen waters of Prado reservoir. Our objective was to analyze and compare the composition (richness and abundance) of nosZ-type denitrifiers in relationship with physicochemical variables (oxygen, pH, temperature, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) in three areas of this dam: Isla del Sol, Lozanía and Tomogó which are distant and have different anthropogenic influences. For this, we performed DNA extraction, amplification, 454 pyrosequencing and phylogenetic analysis of nosZ gene. The Chao1 estimator and Shannon index were used for compare richness and diversity of nosZ gene; and the relationship between compositions of operational taxonomic units (OTU) with physicochemical variables was established by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). In the reservoir 45 nosZ-OTUs to species level (80% similarity) were detected. Lozanía had the highest number of OTUs (25) and greatest diversity (SCHAO1: 35; H: 2.0), compared to the other areas sampling. The phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of many OTUs (28 of 45) with low similarity to Proteobacteria group and high similarity with sequences of environmental clones reported previously. The CCA showed that the nosZ-community composition of Prado dam was related with low pH (6.2), oxygen (0.01mg / L) and nitrate (<0.25 mg / L) recorded in the water column.
{"title":"Spatial variation of nosZ-communities in the low oxygen waters of Prado hydroelectric (south-west of Colombia)","authors":"M. Montealegre, M. C. González","doi":"10.2174/1874213001609010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874213001609010001","url":null,"abstract":"Denitrification is a process of reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen by facultative anaerobic microorganisms, which have functional genes encoding denitrification enzymes (reductases). The nosZ gene encoding the enzyme that reduces nitrous oxide to dinitrogen was utilized in this research, as molecular marker for denitrifying communities into low oxygen waters of Prado reservoir. Our objective was to analyze and compare the composition (richness and abundance) of nosZ-type denitrifiers in relationship with physicochemical variables (oxygen, pH, temperature, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) in three areas of this dam: Isla del Sol, Lozanía and Tomogó which are distant and have different anthropogenic influences. For this, we performed DNA extraction, amplification, 454 pyrosequencing and phylogenetic analysis of nosZ gene. The Chao1 estimator and Shannon index were used for compare richness and diversity of nosZ gene; and the relationship between compositions of operational taxonomic units (OTU) with physicochemical variables was established by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). In the reservoir 45 nosZ-OTUs to species level (80% similarity) were detected. Lozanía had the highest number of OTUs (25) and greatest diversity (SCHAO1: 35; H: 2.0), compared to the other areas sampling. The phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of many OTUs (28 of 45) with low similarity to Proteobacteria group and high similarity with sequences of environmental clones reported previously. The CCA showed that the nosZ-community composition of Prado dam was related with low pH (6.2), oxygen (0.01mg / L) and nitrate (<0.25 mg / L) recorded in the water column.","PeriodicalId":39335,"journal":{"name":"Open Ecology Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68056067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.2174/1874213001508010092
P. Kaczensky, Oyunsaikhan Ganbaatar, N. Altansukh, N. Enksaikhan, S. Kramer‐Schadt
Central Asian remote rangelands are home to several charismatic, rare and far ranging ungulates which are increasingly becoming under pressure from human encroachment. Population monitoring is challenging due to the vast expanse of the species ranges, tight budgets and limited availability of suitable fixed winged-aircraft. Consequently, many current population estimates are based on pragmatically designed ground-bound transect surveys. Although, ample literature exists on how to design surveys in an ideal world, little effort has been made to demonstrate the potential and limitations of a time-series of ground-bound transect surveys under real world constrains. Since 2003 we have been monitoring the two sympatric steppe ungulates, Asiatic wild ass (“khulan”, Equus hemionus) and goitered gazelles (“gazelle”, Gazella gutturosa), in the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area in south-western Mongolia using ground-bound line transects. Both species showed clear species-specific seasonal variation in group sizes which seem related to birthing and mating periods. Data on annual recruitment were impeded by the long flight distances and the difficulty to reliably identify and count young of the year. Distribution of khulans and gazelles showed clear speciesspecific seasonal patterns and highlighted the importance of two oasis complexes. Population estimates of 33 surveys covering 10,383 km2 were highly variable even between consecutive surveys and had huge 95% confidence intervals (khulan: range: 1,707 to 45,040, gazelles: range: 2,564 to 10,766) making them unsuitable to obtain robust baseline population estimates. Although our individual surveys were poor measures of population abundance, they provided important data on group sizes and species distribution and are presently used for Bayesian hierarchical trend modelling and species specific habitat suitability analysis. The ground surveys are relatively inexpensive as compared to aerial surveys and thus can be conducted at short temporal intervals, engaging park staff and researchers with local people thereby helping mutual understanding, information transfer, and detection of illegal activities.
{"title":"Monitoring of Khulans and Goitered Gazelles in the Mongolian Gobi – Potentialand Limitations of Ground Based Line Transects","authors":"P. Kaczensky, Oyunsaikhan Ganbaatar, N. Altansukh, N. Enksaikhan, S. Kramer‐Schadt","doi":"10.2174/1874213001508010092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874213001508010092","url":null,"abstract":"Central Asian remote rangelands are home to several charismatic, rare and far ranging ungulates which are increasingly becoming under pressure from human encroachment. Population monitoring is challenging due to the vast expanse of the species ranges, tight budgets and limited availability of suitable fixed winged-aircraft. Consequently, many current population estimates are based on pragmatically designed ground-bound transect surveys. Although, ample literature exists on how to design surveys in an ideal world, little effort has been made to demonstrate the potential and limitations of a time-series of ground-bound transect surveys under real world constrains. Since 2003 we have been monitoring the two sympatric steppe ungulates, Asiatic wild ass (“khulan”, Equus hemionus) and goitered gazelles (“gazelle”, Gazella gutturosa), in the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area in south-western Mongolia using ground-bound line transects. Both species showed clear species-specific seasonal variation in group sizes which seem related to birthing and mating periods. Data on annual recruitment were impeded by the long flight distances and the difficulty to reliably identify and count young of the year. Distribution of khulans and gazelles showed clear speciesspecific seasonal patterns and highlighted the importance of two oasis complexes. Population estimates of 33 surveys covering 10,383 km2 were highly variable even between consecutive surveys and had huge 95% confidence intervals (khulan: range: 1,707 to 45,040, gazelles: range: 2,564 to 10,766) making them unsuitable to obtain robust baseline population estimates. Although our individual surveys were poor measures of population abundance, they provided important data on group sizes and species distribution and are presently used for Bayesian hierarchical trend modelling and species specific habitat suitability analysis. The ground surveys are relatively inexpensive as compared to aerial surveys and thus can be conducted at short temporal intervals, engaging park staff and researchers with local people thereby helping mutual understanding, information transfer, and detection of illegal activities.","PeriodicalId":39335,"journal":{"name":"Open Ecology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68056056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-14DOI: 10.2174/1874213001508010065
V. Bashkin, I. Priputina
In this paper the main attention is paid to the proposed methodology of assessing ecosystem risks associated with industrial emissions that not only allows to make quantitative estimation of potential changes in the ecosystem condi- tion but also to calculate probability of their occurrence. It is also providing a detailed characterization of ecosystems as targets of man-induced impact. Finally it is shown that ecosystem risks qualitative assessment is feasible for environ- mental substantiation of gas projects in the areas with a low level of information supply and high level of uncertainty
{"title":"Geo) Ecological Risk Assessment in Gas Industry Development Scenarios","authors":"V. Bashkin, I. Priputina","doi":"10.2174/1874213001508010065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874213001508010065","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the main attention is paid to the proposed methodology of assessing ecosystem risks associated with industrial emissions that not only allows to make quantitative estimation of potential changes in the ecosystem condi- tion but also to calculate probability of their occurrence. It is also providing a detailed characterization of ecosystems as targets of man-induced impact. Finally it is shown that ecosystem risks qualitative assessment is feasible for environ- mental substantiation of gas projects in the areas with a low level of information supply and high level of uncertainty","PeriodicalId":39335,"journal":{"name":"Open Ecology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68056462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-14DOI: 10.2174/1874213001508010021
O. Trubitsina
The issue of atmospheric air pollution in the Arctic is of global nature and concerns the entire humanity. The fragile nature of high latitudes is extremely vulnerable to human impacts. The negative effects are caused not only by plants and factories located in the northern latitudes but also by far away plants in Central Europe, America, and Asia. As a result, pollutants migrating to the Arctic significantly affect the environmental situation in the northern regions of the planet. In order to improve the environmental situation in the Arctic, environment quality has to be managed properly in all regions of the world. This article is focused on the analysis of the situation in the Arctic region of Russia, namely in the North of the Russian Plain. Starting from the 1980's, Russia has conducted environmental monitoring of the snow cover to determine critical pollutant loads on natural ecosystems across the country. A large amount of data has been accumulated allowing to carry out an in-depth analysis of the pollution of atmospheric precipitations and snow cover with acid-forming compounds. This article summarizes the results of research conducted from 1982 to 2013, including: 1) pollutant emission trends compared to available atmospheric air monitoring data, 2) spatial distribution of acidified precipitation occurrences, 3) neutralization probability, 4) calculation of sulphur deposition loads compared to the reference values proposed as criti- cal loads by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP)
{"title":"Ecological Monitoring of Acid Deposition in the Arctic Region","authors":"O. Trubitsina","doi":"10.2174/1874213001508010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874213001508010021","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of atmospheric air pollution in the Arctic is of global nature and concerns the entire humanity. The fragile nature of high latitudes is extremely vulnerable to human impacts. The negative effects are caused not only by plants and factories located in the northern latitudes but also by far away plants in Central Europe, America, and Asia. As a result, pollutants migrating to the Arctic significantly affect the environmental situation in the northern regions of the planet. In order to improve the environmental situation in the Arctic, environment quality has to be managed properly in all regions of the world. This article is focused on the analysis of the situation in the Arctic region of Russia, namely in the North of the Russian Plain. Starting from the 1980's, Russia has conducted environmental monitoring of the snow cover to determine critical pollutant loads on natural ecosystems across the country. A large amount of data has been accumulated allowing to carry out an in-depth analysis of the pollution of atmospheric precipitations and snow cover with acid-forming compounds. This article summarizes the results of research conducted from 1982 to 2013, including: 1) pollutant emission trends compared to available atmospheric air monitoring data, 2) spatial distribution of acidified precipitation occurrences, 3) neutralization probability, 4) calculation of sulphur deposition loads compared to the reference values proposed as criti- cal loads by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP)","PeriodicalId":39335,"journal":{"name":"Open Ecology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68054734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-14DOI: 10.2174/1874213001508010044
A. S. Kazak, V. Bashkin
This paper is aimed to consider simultaneous development of gas production, processing and transportation ca- pacities in the areas of the priority significance, such as in the Polar Regions of Russia. It was shown that the only way is creating a single strategy - master plan (scheme) of sustainable development of the gas industry based on the system ap- proaches and ecological imperatives, at the local, regional and world scale.
{"title":"Methodology for Gas Industry Sustainable Development Strategy Basedon the Ecological Imperatives","authors":"A. S. Kazak, V. Bashkin","doi":"10.2174/1874213001508010044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874213001508010044","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aimed to consider simultaneous development of gas production, processing and transportation ca- pacities in the areas of the priority significance, such as in the Polar Regions of Russia. It was shown that the only way is creating a single strategy - master plan (scheme) of sustainable development of the gas industry based on the system ap- proaches and ecological imperatives, at the local, regional and world scale.","PeriodicalId":39335,"journal":{"name":"Open Ecology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68056290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-14DOI: 10.2174/1874213001508010073
V. Bashkin, R. Galiulin
It is shown in the given paper that the definitive aspect of gas industry sustainable development is a well de- fined scientifically substantiated strategy which represents, to a large extent, the art of management based on long-term forecasts. This task can be fulfilled by developing an adequate systems analysis methodology where the gas industry is seen as a complex graph decomposed into separate subsystems for further investigation. Formulation of gas industry sus- tainable development strategy aimed at finding and validating the optimum balance between gas production and consump- tion and ensuring harmonious and synchronous development of the industry subsystems, cannot be completed without a relevant methodology. While developing the methodology, it is critical to apply geo-information systems, in which by synthesizing various data, can display the entire information on the long-term gas industry development programs. To es- timate cost-effectiveness of gas industry sustainable development strategy fundamental principles are applied. They in- clude modeling of cash flows associated with implementation of different projects and the need to consider fluctuations in the field of development costs and results generated in different periods of time using discounted cash flows. Since sys- temic risks management is a multi-stage iterative process with a corresponding risks analysis as its core component risks should be assessed and managed in consistency with multiple scenarios of the gas industry development. And, finally, the strategy implementation requires assessment of the geo-ecological risks associated with interaction of the 'gas industry- environment' system and quantitative methods for identifying and assessing the probability of risk occurrence.
{"title":"Ecological Management of (Geo)ecological Risks in Gas Industry","authors":"V. Bashkin, R. Galiulin","doi":"10.2174/1874213001508010073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874213001508010073","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown in the given paper that the definitive aspect of gas industry sustainable development is a well de- fined scientifically substantiated strategy which represents, to a large extent, the art of management based on long-term forecasts. This task can be fulfilled by developing an adequate systems analysis methodology where the gas industry is seen as a complex graph decomposed into separate subsystems for further investigation. Formulation of gas industry sus- tainable development strategy aimed at finding and validating the optimum balance between gas production and consump- tion and ensuring harmonious and synchronous development of the industry subsystems, cannot be completed without a relevant methodology. While developing the methodology, it is critical to apply geo-information systems, in which by synthesizing various data, can display the entire information on the long-term gas industry development programs. To es- timate cost-effectiveness of gas industry sustainable development strategy fundamental principles are applied. They in- clude modeling of cash flows associated with implementation of different projects and the need to consider fluctuations in the field of development costs and results generated in different periods of time using discounted cash flows. Since sys- temic risks management is a multi-stage iterative process with a corresponding risks analysis as its core component risks should be assessed and managed in consistency with multiple scenarios of the gas industry development. And, finally, the strategy implementation requires assessment of the geo-ecological risks associated with interaction of the 'gas industry- environment' system and quantitative methods for identifying and assessing the probability of risk occurrence.","PeriodicalId":39335,"journal":{"name":"Open Ecology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68056486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-14DOI: 10.2174/1874213001508010040
R. Galiulin, R. A. Galiulina
Assessment of degradation of gas condensate and oil hydrocarbons in a sample of soil illuvial horizon as Polar ecosystems part and soil model for degradation under action of new biological preparations (Bioros and Piksa) in experi- mental conditions showed that degradation of gas condensate in soil, for example, under Bioros action was faster than degradation of oil. After application of Piksa the process of oil degradation in soil was much faster. The activity of cata- lase and dehydrogenase enzymes increased with enhanced quantity of biological preparations used for oil contaminated soil remediation.
{"title":"Remediation of Polar Ecosystems Polluted by Gas Condensate and OilHydrocarbons by Biological Preparations","authors":"R. Galiulin, R. A. Galiulina","doi":"10.2174/1874213001508010040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874213001508010040","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of degradation of gas condensate and oil hydrocarbons in a sample of soil illuvial horizon as Polar ecosystems part and soil model for degradation under action of new biological preparations (Bioros and Piksa) in experi- mental conditions showed that degradation of gas condensate in soil, for example, under Bioros action was faster than degradation of oil. After application of Piksa the process of oil degradation in soil was much faster. The activity of cata- lase and dehydrogenase enzymes increased with enhanced quantity of biological preparations used for oil contaminated soil remediation.","PeriodicalId":39335,"journal":{"name":"Open Ecology Journal","volume":"263 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68054756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：