This article explores two questions increasingly posed by technical communications scholars: "What implicit moral or ethical assumptions exist in the contexts of health and medical communication? If we are aware of these assumptions, what practices can technical communicators engage in to promote social justice in these contexts?". In the specific instance of home pregnancy test packaging and instructions, the lack of attention to social justice concerns is evidenced when comparing this system-centered technical communication to user-centered online health forums wherein users discuss their lived experiences with the tests, expressing frustration to outright fear. Here, a case study of three brands of home pregnancy tests' packaging offers findings that the technical communication of home pregnancy tests violates an ethic of care to the user. This article proposes that the health and medical communication be brought into alignment with the user-centered, participatory models of online health forums in order to promote social justice in the context of the home pregnancy test.
{"title":"Social Justice in Technologies of Prenatal Care: Toward a User Centered Approach to Technical Communication in Home Pregnancy Testing","authors":"Dawn S. Opel","doi":"10.1145/2666216.2666223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666216.2666223","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores two questions increasingly posed by technical communications scholars: \"What implicit moral or ethical assumptions exist in the contexts of health and medical communication? If we are aware of these assumptions, what practices can technical communicators engage in to promote social justice in these contexts?\". In the specific instance of home pregnancy test packaging and instructions, the lack of attention to social justice concerns is evidenced when comparing this system-centered technical communication to user-centered online health forums wherein users discuss their lived experiences with the tests, expressing frustration to outright fear. Here, a case study of three brands of home pregnancy tests' packaging offers findings that the technical communication of home pregnancy tests violates an ethic of care to the user. This article proposes that the health and medical communication be brought into alignment with the user-centered, participatory models of online health forums in order to promote social justice in the context of the home pregnancy test.","PeriodicalId":393730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on The Design of Communication CD-ROM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121142763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This poster brief describes ongoing research on user taxonomies in free internet pornography, examining tagging and filtering systems in two digital porn bulletin boards on the social network Reddit. These two communities---r/PornVids, a board for mainstream porn, and r/ChickFlixxx, a board for woman-friendly or feminist porn---offer unique insight into not only porn consumption patterns, but also ways of sorting pornography according to distinctly gendered preferences. The researcher concludes by describing future directions for empirical inquiry into internet pornography, making a case for the importance of affective considerations in user research and interface design.
{"title":"Porn Architecture: User Tagging and Filtering in Two Online Pornography Communities","authors":"Allegra W. Smith","doi":"10.1145/2666216.2666237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666216.2666237","url":null,"abstract":"This poster brief describes ongoing research on user taxonomies in free internet pornography, examining tagging and filtering systems in two digital porn bulletin boards on the social network Reddit. These two communities---r/PornVids, a board for mainstream porn, and r/ChickFlixxx, a board for woman-friendly or feminist porn---offer unique insight into not only porn consumption patterns, but also ways of sorting pornography according to distinctly gendered preferences. The researcher concludes by describing future directions for empirical inquiry into internet pornography, making a case for the importance of affective considerations in user research and interface design.","PeriodicalId":393730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on The Design of Communication CD-ROM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128845305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we describe the incorporation of video modules into three professional communication classrooms. These modules were designed to give both teachers and students access to professional practitioners and their views about the changing role of communication in the 21st century workplace. We incorporated these modules into professional communication courses (junior/senior level technical communication course) and courses in the disciplines (freshman and senior engineering design courses). The article discusses how content designed to simulate the language conventions of friendly conversation can impact student motivation and foster greater participation in the professional communication classroom.
{"title":"Stories from the Workplace: Using Mini-Modules Online to Increase Student Motivation and Learning","authors":"Jonathan Balzotti, Janet Roberts","doi":"10.1145/2666216.2666230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666216.2666230","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we describe the incorporation of video modules into three professional communication classrooms. These modules were designed to give both teachers and students access to professional practitioners and their views about the changing role of communication in the 21st century workplace. We incorporated these modules into professional communication courses (junior/senior level technical communication course) and courses in the disciplines (freshman and senior engineering design courses). The article discusses how content designed to simulate the language conventions of friendly conversation can impact student motivation and foster greater participation in the professional communication classroom.","PeriodicalId":393730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on The Design of Communication CD-ROM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130248795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Process models are composed of graphical elements and words. However, words used to name elements during process design have potentially ambiguous meanings, which might result in quality problems. We believe that ontologies might serve as a means to address this problem. This paper discusses aspects related to words used to represent concepts in labels and why ontologies can improve this representation. Also, we analyze how the requirements specifications can influence the terms used during modeling. The discussion regarding ontologies is conceptual. We performed an experiment to analyze empirically the vocabulary problem in the context of process models. In the experiment the selection of terms represented with different levels of explicitness in requirements specifications is evaluated. Our findings suggest that the vocabulary problem occurs in process models. Also, different levels of explicitness affect the labels but are not sufficient to solve the vocabulary problem.
{"title":"Business process modeling: Vocabulary problem and requirements specification","authors":"J. Gassen, J. Mendling, L. Thom, J. Oliveira","doi":"10.1145/2666216.2666217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666216.2666217","url":null,"abstract":"Process models are composed of graphical elements and words. However, words used to name elements during process design have potentially ambiguous meanings, which might result in quality problems. We believe that ontologies might serve as a means to address this problem. This paper discusses aspects related to words used to represent concepts in labels and why ontologies can improve this representation. Also, we analyze how the requirements specifications can influence the terms used during modeling. The discussion regarding ontologies is conceptual. We performed an experiment to analyze empirically the vocabulary problem in the context of process models. In the experiment the selection of terms represented with different levels of explicitness in requirements specifications is evaluated. Our findings suggest that the vocabulary problem occurs in process models. Also, different levels of explicitness affect the labels but are not sufficient to solve the vocabulary problem.","PeriodicalId":393730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on The Design of Communication CD-ROM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133145480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This interactive poster explores the application of the 12 cognitive dimensions of API usability to API documentation planning by using the dimensions to identify and characterize the factors that influence the documentation that the users of an API require. Many factors can complicate estimating and planning the documentation an API requires. Even when an API's documentation requirements can be estimated, it can be difficult to present to stakeholders an objective basis for the estimate. The cognitive dimensions of API usability have characterized APIs and their users successfully and they have been used to communicate these characterizations to stakeholders. It follows that the same dimensions could also help identify the documentation that an API requires to provide a satisfactory and successful experience for the software developers who use the API.
{"title":"Applying the Cognitive Dimensions of API Usability to Improve API Documentation Planning","authors":"Robert B. Watson","doi":"10.1145/2666216.2666239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666216.2666239","url":null,"abstract":"This interactive poster explores the application of the 12 cognitive dimensions of API usability to API documentation planning by using the dimensions to identify and characterize the factors that influence the documentation that the users of an API require. Many factors can complicate estimating and planning the documentation an API requires. Even when an API's documentation requirements can be estimated, it can be difficult to present to stakeholders an objective basis for the estimate. The cognitive dimensions of API usability have characterized APIs and their users successfully and they have been used to communicate these characterizations to stakeholders. It follows that the same dimensions could also help identify the documentation that an API requires to provide a satisfactory and successful experience for the software developers who use the API.","PeriodicalId":393730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on The Design of Communication CD-ROM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123113974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we compare sociocultural theories of communication and user experience design to scholarship from associative and new materialist approaches. We argue for a more expansive and symmetrical perspective on communication design---one that broadens the scope of potential actors that affect user experiences, and that more strongly considers their effects on communicative activities. We posit three ways in which this perspective may be operationalized: (a) accounting for the missing masses, (b) designing for flat ontologies and radical symmetry, and (c) designing for interagentivity. Finally, we offer an initial heuristic for deploying such approaches and discuss scenarios in which they may prove fruitful.
{"title":"All of the Things: Engaging Complex Assemblages in Communication Design","authors":"Brian J. McNely, Nathaniel A. Rivers","doi":"10.1145/2666216.2666222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666216.2666222","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we compare sociocultural theories of communication and user experience design to scholarship from associative and new materialist approaches. We argue for a more expansive and symmetrical perspective on communication design---one that broadens the scope of potential actors that affect user experiences, and that more strongly considers their effects on communicative activities. We posit three ways in which this perspective may be operationalized: (a) accounting for the missing masses, (b) designing for flat ontologies and radical symmetry, and (c) designing for interagentivity. Finally, we offer an initial heuristic for deploying such approaches and discuss scenarios in which they may prove fruitful.","PeriodicalId":393730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on The Design of Communication CD-ROM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132662066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
End-user authored tutorials found on the Web are increasingly becoming the norm for assisting users with learning software applications, but little is known about the quality of these tutorials. Using quality metrics derived from previous work, we perform a usability expert review on a sample of Photoshop tutorials, a popular image-manipulation program with one of the largest showings of web-based tutorials. We also explore how the characteristics of these tutorials differ across four tutorial sources, representing those that are, i) written by a close-knit online community; ii) written by expert users; iii) most likely to be found; and iv) representative of the general population of tutorials. Our analysis reveals that expert users generally write higher quality tutorials, and that many of the tutorials in our sample suffer from some important limitations, such as lacking attempts to help users avoid common errors. We also find that a single five-star rating system did not sufficiently distinguish quality between the tutorials. Building on this later finding, we propose and evaluate a rating approach based on multiple criteria, finding strong initial support for such an approach.
{"title":"Characterizing Web-Based Tutorials: Exploring Quality, Community, and Showcasing Strategies","authors":"Matthew Lount, Andrea Bunt","doi":"10.1145/2666216.2666221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666216.2666221","url":null,"abstract":"End-user authored tutorials found on the Web are increasingly becoming the norm for assisting users with learning software applications, but little is known about the quality of these tutorials. Using quality metrics derived from previous work, we perform a usability expert review on a sample of Photoshop tutorials, a popular image-manipulation program with one of the largest showings of web-based tutorials. We also explore how the characteristics of these tutorials differ across four tutorial sources, representing those that are, i) written by a close-knit online community; ii) written by expert users; iii) most likely to be found; and iv) representative of the general population of tutorials. Our analysis reveals that expert users generally write higher quality tutorials, and that many of the tutorials in our sample suffer from some important limitations, such as lacking attempts to help users avoid common errors. We also find that a single five-star rating system did not sufficiently distinguish quality between the tutorials. Building on this later finding, we propose and evaluate a rating approach based on multiple criteria, finding strong initial support for such an approach.","PeriodicalId":393730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on The Design of Communication CD-ROM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129866884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Throughout the world, every day people are participating in sanctioned and unsanctioned memory making activities in public spaces. Due to their ever-changing status, sites of public memory are difficult to capture and archive. This poster brief focuses on determining methods for successfully recording the changes in these spaces using various digital platforms. By exploring and testing these platforms, we hope to discover which space offers the best way to discuss and record a site. The findings of this research will offer insight on how best to capture and discuss spaces that undergo frequent change.
{"title":"Capturing the Ephemeral: Using Digital Tools to Record Sites of Participatory Memory","authors":"Christopher A. Scales, L. Potts","doi":"10.1145/2666216.2666236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666216.2666236","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the world, every day people are participating in sanctioned and unsanctioned memory making activities in public spaces. Due to their ever-changing status, sites of public memory are difficult to capture and archive. This poster brief focuses on determining methods for successfully recording the changes in these spaces using various digital platforms. By exploring and testing these platforms, we hope to discover which space offers the best way to discuss and record a site. The findings of this research will offer insight on how best to capture and discuss spaces that undergo frequent change.","PeriodicalId":393730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on The Design of Communication CD-ROM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129193572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sentiment analysis is a new, relatively unexplored, but potentially helpful method technical communicators can measure shifts in feeling, values, attitudes and beliefs, which drive behavior. Sentiment analysis is a relatively new method so there is little research in technical communications that address best practices. This poster demonstrates the process by which I mined sentiment from a corpus of unstructured text using a dictionary, categorization model and co-location algorithms. Preliminary results are consistent with empirical and historical observations, showing an uptick in negative emotion during moments of greatest political and scientific controversy. The implications of this research suggest new programs and greater access to digitized texts offer the practitioner and scholar new sites and tools with which to conduct research wider in scale and scope, but that the disambiguation of texts continues to prevent total automation of such processes.
{"title":"Evidence of Things Not Seen: Mapping Sentiment in Unstructured Texts about the Herbicide 'Agent Orange'","authors":"S. Hopton","doi":"10.1145/2666216.2666233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666216.2666233","url":null,"abstract":"Sentiment analysis is a new, relatively unexplored, but potentially helpful method technical communicators can measure shifts in feeling, values, attitudes and beliefs, which drive behavior. Sentiment analysis is a relatively new method so there is little research in technical communications that address best practices. This poster demonstrates the process by which I mined sentiment from a corpus of unstructured text using a dictionary, categorization model and co-location algorithms. Preliminary results are consistent with empirical and historical observations, showing an uptick in negative emotion during moments of greatest political and scientific controversy. The implications of this research suggest new programs and greater access to digitized texts offer the practitioner and scholar new sites and tools with which to conduct research wider in scale and scope, but that the disambiguation of texts continues to prevent total automation of such processes.","PeriodicalId":393730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on The Design of Communication CD-ROM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114419619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we discuss two existing exploration strategies -- Shift and Narrow -- employed by Focus+Context techniques, and how they are supported in the user interface of Saffron, a web-based system enabling exploration of academic topics, authors, and publications. The Shift strategy enables the user to shift focus between different resources while the Narrow strategy enables the user to narrow the focus. Current systems typically support only one of these approaches or include them as separate interaction modes. Saffron supports both strategies in a unified user interface. An initial user study indicates that participants use and appreciate both strategies being supported simultaneously.
{"title":"Unifying the Shift and Narrow Strategies in Focus+Context Exploratory Search","authors":"K. Samp, Cédric Beuzit, Jodi Schneider","doi":"10.1145/2666216.2666228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2666216.2666228","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discuss two existing exploration strategies -- Shift and Narrow -- employed by Focus+Context techniques, and how they are supported in the user interface of Saffron, a web-based system enabling exploration of academic topics, authors, and publications. The Shift strategy enables the user to shift focus between different resources while the Narrow strategy enables the user to narrow the focus. Current systems typically support only one of these approaches or include them as separate interaction modes. Saffron supports both strategies in a unified user interface. An initial user study indicates that participants use and appreciate both strategies being supported simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":393730,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 32nd ACM International Conference on The Design of Communication CD-ROM","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123613269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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