Nunha sociedade bilingüe cada individuo adulto ten as súas propias prácticas lingüísticas e crenzas sobre a elección do idioma dentro da familia; polo tanto, as prácticas lingüísticas no ámbito familiar son sumamente importantes para entender o proceso de transmisión interxeracional dunha lingua desfavorecida. O principal obxectivo deste traballo é investigar as estratexias para a transmisión interxeracional do galego no contexto familiar dos hábitats urbano e peri-urbano. Cun enfoque etnográfico, analizarase a axencia dos proxenitores pro-galego que, a través das súas crenzas e prácticas lingüísticas individuais, desempeñan un papel relevante na revitalización e mantemento da lingua fóra da escola, concretamente na familia. Para este estudo entrevistáronse proxenitores que pasaron polo sistema educativo de Galicia a partir de 1975 e viviron as primeiras políticas lingüísticas da Autonomía. A través de datos etnográficos, analízanse notas de campo e observacións, entrevistas semi-estruturadas cos proxenitores de Santiago de Compostela e Bertamiráns e dous grupos de discusión en Vigo e Santiago. Neste estudo tamén se propón unha aproximación de conceptos sociolingüísticos como política lingüística familiar e os seus efectos inmediatos na práctica lingüística a nivel micro, a planificación das linguas na familia e as estratexias que os proxenitores utilizan para transmitir a lingua galega.
{"title":"Política lingüística familiar. O papel dos proxenitores pro-galego na transmisión interxeracional","authors":"Anik Nandi","doi":"10.15304/ELG.11.5064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15304/ELG.11.5064","url":null,"abstract":"Nunha sociedade bilingüe cada individuo adulto ten as súas propias prácticas lingüísticas e crenzas sobre a elección do idioma dentro da familia; polo tanto, as prácticas lingüísticas no ámbito familiar son sumamente importantes para entender o proceso de transmisión interxeracional dunha lingua desfavorecida. O principal obxectivo deste traballo é investigar as estratexias para a transmisión interxeracional do galego no contexto familiar dos hábitats urbano e peri-urbano. Cun enfoque etnográfico, analizarase a axencia dos proxenitores pro-galego que, a través das súas crenzas e prácticas lingüísticas individuais, desempeñan un papel relevante na revitalización e mantemento da lingua fóra da escola, concretamente na familia. Para este estudo entrevistáronse proxenitores que pasaron polo sistema educativo de Galicia a partir de 1975 e viviron as primeiras políticas lingüísticas da Autonomía. A través de datos etnográficos, analízanse notas de campo e observacións, entrevistas semi-estruturadas cos proxenitores de Santiago de Compostela e Bertamiráns e dous grupos de discusión en Vigo e Santiago. Neste estudo tamén se propón unha aproximación de conceptos sociolingüísticos como política lingüística familiar e os seus efectos inmediatos na práctica lingüística a nivel micro, a planificación das linguas na familia e as estratexias que os proxenitores utilizan para transmitir a lingua galega.","PeriodicalId":393852,"journal":{"name":"Estudos de Lingüística Galega","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133970621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to analyse the use of the expression si cuadra as a marker of epistemic possibility in Galician Spanish. The hypothesis to be explored explains the use of this expression as a result of a transfer or calque of the Galician adverbial se cadra, which has been documented in that language from the 19th century onward. The Spanish data, extracted from corpora as well as from the internet, reveal that si cuadra is used in different varieties of Spanish as a reduced parenthetical clause in the form of a conditional protasis, meaning ‘if it is convenient’ (in general Spanish) or as ‘if it is timely’ (at least in the Spanish spoken in the north-western Peninsula and on the Canary Islands). The comparison between the adverbial and the reduced parenthetical clause from which it derives allows for the identification of the syntactic changes that motivate the fixation and adverbialisation of the construction. As regards the origin of the semantics of the adverbial, the paper analyses data on the verbs calhar in Portuguese, cadrar in Galician and cuadrar in Spanish, all expressing ‘convenience’, and postulates that, rather than being based on the sense of ‘convenience’ as ‘appropriateness’ (‘to suit’, see Pinto de Lima 2008 for Portuguese), the meaning of the adverbial is based on the expression of ‘convenience’ in the sense of ‘chance’ or ‘coincidence’. This postulate is in agreement with the analysis proposed by Lopez Couso & Mendez Naya (2017) for some epistemic possibility expressions in English. The present study is based on data from various corpora, most importantly TILG for Galician and CdP for Portuguese, as well as CdE, ESLORA and the corpora of the Royal Academy for Spanish.
本文的目的是分析在加利西亚西班牙语中si cuadra表达作为认知可能性标记的使用。要探索的假设解释了这种表达的使用是加利西亚状语se cadra的转移或calque的结果，从19世纪开始，加利西亚语中就有记载。从语料库和互联网上提取的西班牙语数据显示，si cuadra在不同种类的西班牙语中被用作条件引语形式的简化括号从句，意思是“如果方便”(在一般西班牙语中)或“如果及时”(至少在西北半岛和加那利群岛的西班牙语中)。通过对比状语和它所衍生的省略括号子句，可以识别出促使结构固定和状语化的句法变化。关于副词的语义来源，本文分析了葡萄牙语中的calhar、加利西亚语中的cadrar和西班牙语中的cuadrar三个动词的数据，这些动词都表示“方便”，并假设，副词的意义不是基于“方便”作为“适当”的意义(“适合”，参见Pinto de Lima 2008 for Portuguese)，而是基于“方便”在“机会”或“巧合”意义上的表达。这一假设与Lopez Couso & Mendez Naya(2017)对英语中一些认知可能性表达的分析是一致的。目前的研究基于各种语料库的数据，最重要的是加利西亚语的TILG和葡萄牙语的CdP，以及CdE, ESLORA和西班牙语皇家学院的语料库。
{"title":"La expresión epistémica si cuadra en español de Galicia","authors":"María José Rodríguez Espiñeira","doi":"10.15304/ELG.11.5343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15304/ELG.11.5343","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to analyse the use of the expression si cuadra as a marker of epistemic possibility in Galician Spanish. The hypothesis to be explored explains the use of this expression as a result of a transfer or calque of the Galician adverbial se cadra, which has been documented in that language from the 19th century onward. The Spanish data, extracted from corpora as well as from the internet, reveal that si cuadra is used in different varieties of Spanish as a reduced parenthetical clause in the form of a conditional protasis, meaning ‘if it is convenient’ (in general Spanish) or as ‘if it is timely’ (at least in the Spanish spoken in the north-western Peninsula and on the Canary Islands). The comparison between the adverbial and the reduced parenthetical clause from which it derives allows for the identification of the syntactic changes that motivate the fixation and adverbialisation of the construction. As regards the origin of the semantics of the adverbial, the paper analyses data on the verbs calhar in Portuguese, cadrar in Galician and cuadrar in Spanish, all expressing ‘convenience’, and postulates that, rather than being based on the sense of ‘convenience’ as ‘appropriateness’ (‘to suit’, see Pinto de Lima 2008 for Portuguese), the meaning of the adverbial is based on the expression of ‘convenience’ in the sense of ‘chance’ or ‘coincidence’. This postulate is in agreement with the analysis proposed by Lopez Couso & Mendez Naya (2017) for some epistemic possibility expressions in English. The present study is based on data from various corpora, most importantly TILG for Galician and CdP for Portuguese, as well as CdE, ESLORA and the corpora of the Royal Academy for Spanish.","PeriodicalId":393852,"journal":{"name":"Estudos de Lingüística Galega","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122009198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Contemporary Portuguese, verbs such as considerar ‘consider’ and entender ‘understand’ contrast in their more ‘lexical’ uses, as opposed to uses where epistemic values emerge, in the sense that there is a linguistic expression of subjective assessment of what is expressed. This paper aims to examine the factors which diachronically determined the emergence of such values and thus the (non-overlapping) convergence of considerar and entender in (more) ‘grammatical’ uses, bearing in mind that the opposition ‘lexical’ / ‘grammatical’ should be understood as non-discrete. The data of Old and Middle Portuguese (13th to 15th centuries) consirar and entender which are presented and discussed were collected according to evidence dating criteria, text genre diversity and the reliability of the editions. The various constructions using consirar and entender are described and the distinct factors enabling epistemic readings are identified. The data shows that the processes of emergence of epistemic values of the two verbs are at different stages, but also appears to evidence the interference of similar contextual factors for the possibility of epistemic interpretations, thus leading to their convergence in epistemic uses. The paper concludes by pointing out some issues for future research, in particular the need to include other competing forms/constructions, not only with verbs such as achar ‘find’ and julgar ‘judge’, which synchronically show different usage restrictions, but also haver and ter ‘have’, since the latter could also occur with epistemic meanings in past stages of Portuguese.
{"title":"Consirar e entender em português – elementos para um estudo diacrónico","authors":"M. T. Brocardo","doi":"10.15304/ELG.11.5135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15304/ELG.11.5135","url":null,"abstract":"In Contemporary Portuguese, verbs such as considerar ‘consider’ and entender ‘understand’ contrast in their more ‘lexical’ uses, as opposed to uses where epistemic values emerge, in the sense that there is a linguistic expression of subjective assessment of what is expressed. This paper aims to examine the factors which diachronically determined the emergence of such values and thus the (non-overlapping) convergence of considerar and entender in (more) ‘grammatical’ uses, bearing in mind that the opposition ‘lexical’ / ‘grammatical’ should be understood as non-discrete. The data of Old and Middle Portuguese (13th to 15th centuries) consirar and entender which are presented and discussed were collected according to evidence dating criteria, text genre diversity and the reliability of the editions. The various constructions using consirar and entender are described and the distinct factors enabling epistemic readings are identified. The data shows that the processes of emergence of epistemic values of the two verbs are at different stages, but also appears to evidence the interference of similar contextual factors for the possibility of epistemic interpretations, thus leading to their convergence in epistemic uses. The paper concludes by pointing out some issues for future research, in particular the need to include other competing forms/constructions, not only with verbs such as achar ‘find’ and julgar ‘judge’, which synchronically show different usage restrictions, but also haver and ter ‘have’, since the latter could also occur with epistemic meanings in past stages of Portuguese.","PeriodicalId":393852,"journal":{"name":"Estudos de Lingüística Galega","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131212420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia Giménez Eguíbar, María Nieves Sánchez González de Herrero
La finalidad de este trabajo es exponer una serie de rasgos lingüísticos contenidos en documentos notariales del siglo XIII, custodiados en el monasterio de San Andrés de Vega de Espinareda (El Bierzo, León), que muestran, en distinto grado, la continuidad del gallego en el registro escrito y su convivencia con soluciones del asturianoleonés occidental, comunes en ocasiones, diferentes otras veces. Hemos seleccionado rasgos pertenecientes a los niveles graficofonético, morfosintáctico y léxico, puesto que en los tres puede observarse la continuidad. Se trata de un análisis básicamente descriptivo, a partir de los datos que ofrecen los testimonios manejados, datos que se comparan con los que conocemos para las variedades lingüísticas del entorno geográfico más próximo en la Baja Edad Media. A partir de esta comparación se pone de manifiesto la distribución geográfica de las voces y rasgos estudiados, que muestran diferencias, con distintos grados de extensión y, en definitiva, prueban la existencia del continuo dialectal y la falta de fronteras lingüísticas nítidas entre las variedades colindantes.
{"title":"Rasgos de continuidad del gallego en documentos del monasterio de San Andrés de Espinareda (León) en el siglo XIII","authors":"Patricia Giménez Eguíbar, María Nieves Sánchez González de Herrero","doi":"10.15304/ELG.11.5776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15304/ELG.11.5776","url":null,"abstract":"La finalidad de este trabajo es exponer una serie de rasgos lingüísticos contenidos en documentos notariales del siglo XIII, custodiados en el monasterio de San Andrés de Vega de Espinareda (El Bierzo, León), que muestran, en distinto grado, la continuidad del gallego en el registro escrito y su convivencia con soluciones del asturianoleonés occidental, comunes en ocasiones, diferentes otras veces. Hemos seleccionado rasgos pertenecientes a los niveles graficofonético, morfosintáctico y léxico, puesto que en los tres puede observarse la continuidad. Se trata de un análisis básicamente descriptivo, a partir de los datos que ofrecen los testimonios manejados, datos que se comparan con los que conocemos para las variedades lingüísticas del entorno geográfico más próximo en la Baja Edad Media. A partir de esta comparación se pone de manifiesto la distribución geográfica de las voces y rasgos estudiados, que muestran diferencias, con distintos grados de extensión y, en definitiva, prueban la existencia del continuo dialectal y la falta de fronteras lingüísticas nítidas entre las variedades colindantes.","PeriodicalId":393852,"journal":{"name":"Estudos de Lingüística Galega","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132277078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O obxectivo deste estudo é analizar a ideoloxía do Dicionario da Real Academia Galega(DRAG) tendo en conta o seu carácter lexitimador na sociedade, así coma a relevancia da súa presenza nos eidos da educación e da aquisición da lingua. En concreto, os resultados clasifícanse nos ámbitos da relixión, a política e os temas de xénero. Para acadar o fin exposto realizouse unha lectura exhaustiva do repertorio aloxado na páxina web da RAG, incluíndo as actualizacións máis recentes acometidas ao longo de 2018. Como resultado obtívose un corpus composto por 808 artigos lexicográficos, cuxa forma lematizada recóllese como apéndice para poder servir de guía en traballos complementarios posteriores. Os 808 artigos foron sometidos a análise lingüística desenvolvida con perspectiva crítica seguindo a metodoloxía da análise crítica do discurso lexicográfico (Autor 2012 e 2016b). Entre as conclusións fundamentais destaca a continua actualización da obra analizada, na que se constata unha preocupación pola busca de neutralidade nas definicións e un interese por ofrecer unha cosmovisión ampla, non reducida ás ideoloxías dominantes. Con todo, tamén é preciso sinalar que a análise revela un traballo intenso no futuro no relativo á adaptación deste dicionario a algunhas das medidas da linguaxe inclusiva que permitan maior visibilidade da muller, así como unha revisión da representación do catolicismo como relixión por defecto.
{"title":"A ideoloxía no Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (DRAG)","authors":"Susana Rodríguez Barcia","doi":"10.15304/ELG.11.5648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15304/ELG.11.5648","url":null,"abstract":"O obxectivo deste estudo é analizar a ideoloxía do Dicionario da Real Academia Galega(DRAG) tendo en conta o seu carácter lexitimador na sociedade, así coma a relevancia da súa presenza nos eidos da educación e da aquisición da lingua. En concreto, os resultados clasifícanse nos ámbitos da relixión, a política e os temas de xénero. Para acadar o fin exposto realizouse unha lectura exhaustiva do repertorio aloxado na páxina web da RAG, incluíndo as actualizacións máis recentes acometidas ao longo de 2018. Como resultado obtívose un corpus composto por 808 artigos lexicográficos, cuxa forma lematizada recóllese como apéndice para poder servir de guía en traballos complementarios posteriores. Os 808 artigos foron sometidos a análise lingüística desenvolvida con perspectiva crítica seguindo a metodoloxía da análise crítica do discurso lexicográfico (Autor 2012 e 2016b). Entre as conclusións fundamentais destaca a continua actualización da obra analizada, na que se constata unha preocupación pola busca de neutralidade nas definicións e un interese por ofrecer unha cosmovisión ampla, non reducida ás ideoloxías dominantes. Con todo, tamén é preciso sinalar que a análise revela un traballo intenso no futuro no relativo á adaptación deste dicionario a algunhas das medidas da linguaxe inclusiva que permitan maior visibilidade da muller, así como unha revisión da representación do catolicismo como relixión por defecto.","PeriodicalId":393852,"journal":{"name":"Estudos de Lingüística Galega","volume":"15 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128867330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The clitic raising phenomenon is broadly referred to in the literature as a property of verbal complexes, found not only in the restructuring construction (Rizzi 1982) but also in the Fazer-Inf construction (Kayne 1975).Through a quantitative study from three literary texts, the current study aims to describe the placement of clitic pronouns in Old Portuguese. Two specific contexts are analysed: i) verbal complexes of restructuring (in order to identify which verbs allowed it in Old Portuguese) and ii) prepositional infinitival clauses with simple and inflected infinitive (in order to verify whether the preposition is relevant for the position of the clitic, taking into account the assumptions made by Martins 1994 that, throughout the thirteenth century and the first half of the fourteenth century, there was instability in the clitic pronouns placement pattern). In the conclusion, it will be seen that the placement pattern of clitic pronouns in the simple infinitive clauses introduced by a preposition contributes to the clarification of fidelity of the late copies of two 13th century original texts.
{"title":"Os pronomes clíticos em contextos infinitivos no português antigo","authors":"S. Pereira","doi":"10.15304/ELG.11.5050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15304/ELG.11.5050","url":null,"abstract":"The clitic raising phenomenon is broadly referred to in the literature as a property of verbal complexes, found not only in the restructuring construction (Rizzi 1982) but also in the Fazer-Inf construction (Kayne 1975).Through a quantitative study from three literary texts, the current study aims to describe the placement of clitic pronouns in Old Portuguese. Two specific contexts are analysed: i) verbal complexes of restructuring (in order to identify which verbs allowed it in Old Portuguese) and ii) prepositional infinitival clauses with simple and inflected infinitive (in order to verify whether the preposition is relevant for the position of the clitic, taking into account the assumptions made by Martins 1994 that, throughout the thirteenth century and the first half of the fourteenth century, there was instability in the clitic pronouns placement pattern). In the conclusion, it will be seen that the placement pattern of clitic pronouns in the simple infinitive clauses introduced by a preposition contributes to the clarification of fidelity of the late copies of two 13th century original texts.","PeriodicalId":393852,"journal":{"name":"Estudos de Lingüística Galega","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115197000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Galician-Portuguese and in Old Castilian the coexistence of verbs with and without prefix ( acuydar and cuydar, esguardar and guardar ) that are semantically equivalent or with close meanings is attested. At the same time, in the current Spanish and Portuguese there are words like agradecer , not previously prefixed ( gradecer ). Both processes of prefix loss and prefix addition operate within the framework of the fluxes of variation and change of that period, commonly resulting in the overlap of one of the words during or after the Middle Ages. We propose to investigate the motivations of these different prefix trajectories, considering the structure of the verbal base, the nature of the prefix, in Latin and in Romance, and the external factors that support (i) the coexistence, during several centuries, of both forms sharing the same root or (ii) the loss of such coexistence.
{"title":"Fluctuación prefijal en el gallego-portugués y en el castellano medievales","authors":"Graça Rio-Torto, Mailson Lopes","doi":"10.15304/ELG.11.5105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15304/ELG.11.5105","url":null,"abstract":"In Galician-Portuguese and in Old Castilian the coexistence of verbs with and without prefix ( acuydar and cuydar, esguardar and guardar ) that are semantically equivalent or with close meanings is attested. At the same time, in the current Spanish and Portuguese there are words like agradecer , not previously prefixed ( gradecer ). Both processes of prefix loss and prefix addition operate within the framework of the fluxes of variation and change of that period, commonly resulting in the overlap of one of the words during or after the Middle Ages. We propose to investigate the motivations of these different prefix trajectories, considering the structure of the verbal base, the nature of the prefix, in Latin and in Romance, and the external factors that support (i) the coexistence, during several centuries, of both forms sharing the same root or (ii) the loss of such coexistence.","PeriodicalId":393852,"journal":{"name":"Estudos de Lingüística Galega","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125230373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O progresivo pode ser descrito como unha forma perifrástica (auxiliar + verbo non finito; por exemplo en inglés: be + V-ing) que denota unha situación en desenvolvemento nun tempo determinado, sexa este un instante ou un intervalo. Esta idea xeral, con todo, enfróntase con dous desafíos descritivos: (i) esas mesmas formas poden xurdir asociadas a outras lecturas temporais; (ii) a interpretación progresivo pode tamén obterse a través doutras formas gramaticais. O presente artigo aborda estes aparentes desencontros partindo da perspectiva de dúas variedades do caboverdiano, cuxas combinacións entre formas e significados do progresivo poden achegar unha contribución crucial para a resolución deste crebacabezas lingüístico. A descrición e a discusión de novos datos apoian os dous pasos que constitúen, para esta lingua crioula de base lexical portuguesa, unha proposta completamente nova: (a) os morfemas superficialmente diferentes que marcan o progresivo resultan dun único percorrido diacrónico, implicando o marcador preverbal ta e un ciclo do progresivo completo; (b) se encadrarmos a lectura temporal do progresivo de forma lixeiramente diferente, considerando a existencia, en condicións pragmáticas específicas, dun estadio precursor, polo menos un dos desencontros arriba referidos queda resolto. Unha contribución adicional da presente discusión relaciónase coa expresión da referencia temporal nas linguas naturais, máis concretamente co feito de as lecturas de pasado, presente e futuro non dependeren necesariamente de morfemas que comporten eses valores específicos.
{"title":"Progressive forms and meanings: the curious case of Capeverdean","authors":"F. Pratas","doi":"10.15304/ELG.10.5045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15304/ELG.10.5045","url":null,"abstract":"O progresivo pode ser descrito como unha forma perifrástica (auxiliar + verbo non finito; por exemplo en inglés: be + V-ing) que denota unha situación en desenvolvemento nun tempo determinado, sexa este un instante ou un intervalo. Esta idea xeral, con todo, enfróntase con dous desafíos descritivos: (i) esas mesmas formas poden xurdir asociadas a outras lecturas temporais; (ii) a interpretación progresivo pode tamén obterse a través doutras formas gramaticais. O presente artigo aborda estes aparentes desencontros partindo da perspectiva de dúas variedades do caboverdiano, cuxas combinacións entre formas e significados do progresivo poden achegar unha contribución crucial para a resolución deste crebacabezas lingüístico. A descrición e a discusión de novos datos apoian os dous pasos que constitúen, para esta lingua crioula de base lexical portuguesa, unha proposta completamente nova: (a) os morfemas superficialmente diferentes que marcan o progresivo resultan dun único percorrido diacrónico, implicando o marcador preverbal ta e un ciclo do progresivo completo; (b) se encadrarmos a lectura temporal do progresivo de forma lixeiramente diferente, considerando a existencia, en condicións pragmáticas específicas, dun estadio precursor, polo menos un dos desencontros arriba referidos queda resolto. Unha contribución adicional da presente discusión relaciónase coa expresión da referencia temporal nas linguas naturais, máis concretamente co feito de as lecturas de pasado, presente e futuro non dependeren necesariamente de morfemas que comporten eses valores específicos.","PeriodicalId":393852,"journal":{"name":"Estudos de Lingüística Galega","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124438154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through study of a medieval corpus (Carvalho 2017), this article analyses some phenomena of variation and change in the historical development of the primary or secondary oral falling diphthongs [aw], [aj], [ej] and [ow], highlighting some phenomena of maintenance, closing, reduction and creation in the course of their evolution. It shows how, in some lexical units, the diphthongs were maintained throughout the medieval period, unlike the current norm (e.g. contrauto ), while in other cases a late tendency towards reduction was found, even in forms today considered erudite, which later recovered the diphthong (e.g. clasula ). We also look at instances of variation between - airo and -ario which may complicate the notion of what constitutes a“learned word”, and cases of irreversible change, with precise chronological endpoints, in proparoxytones ( sabham > saibam ). In the case of [ej] and [ow], we provide considerable evidence suggesting a chronology for monophthongization three or four centuries earlier than that given by Paul Teyssier (1980). We also touch on the variation oi ~ ui (e.g. froyto ~ fruito ), found in common Galician but within a clear chronological framework in our corpus (favouring ui > u ). Finally, we show that cases of anticipation of the semivowel w ( au- gua ), and reduction of the rising diphthong wa ( agar- dar ), characteristic of Galician and some social varieties of Portuguese, are also found in these documents from the coastal zone of central Portugal.
{"title":"Ditongos orais e seus processos evolutivos na história do Português","authors":"M. Carvalho","doi":"10.15304/ELG.10.4538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15304/ELG.10.4538","url":null,"abstract":"Through study of a medieval corpus (Carvalho 2017), this article analyses some phenomena of variation and change in the historical development of the primary or secondary oral falling diphthongs [aw], [aj], [ej] and [ow], highlighting some phenomena of maintenance, closing, reduction and creation in the course of their evolution. It shows how, in some lexical units, the diphthongs were maintained throughout the medieval period, unlike the current norm (e.g. contrauto ), while in other cases a late tendency towards reduction was found, even in forms today considered erudite, which later recovered the diphthong (e.g. clasula ). We also look at instances of variation between - airo and -ario which may complicate the notion of what constitutes a“learned word”, and cases of irreversible change, with precise chronological endpoints, in proparoxytones ( sabham > saibam ). In the case of [ej] and [ow], we provide considerable evidence suggesting a chronology for monophthongization three or four centuries earlier than that given by Paul Teyssier (1980). We also touch on the variation oi ~ ui (e.g. froyto ~ fruito ), found in common Galician but within a clear chronological framework in our corpus (favouring ui > u ). Finally, we show that cases of anticipation of the semivowel w ( au- gua ), and reduction of the rising diphthong wa ( agar- dar ), characteristic of Galician and some social varieties of Portuguese, are also found in these documents from the coastal zone of central Portugal.","PeriodicalId":393852,"journal":{"name":"Estudos de Lingüística Galega","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129516531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Na sequencia da edicao semidiplomatica do Liuro e legeda que fala de todolos feytos e payxooes dos satos martires em lingoagem portugues (Lisboa, Joao Pedro Bonhomini de Cremona, 1513, Bitagap texid 1032), analisa-se neste artigo o estado de lingua mais antigo que o testemunho atesta. Confirmando, com o levantamento de castelhanismos, que se trata de um texto traduzido para portugues a partir do castelhano, apuram-se dados linguisticos que permitem datar a traducao do inicio do sec. XIV (reinado de D. Dinis), na mesma epoca em que foi traduzido o segundo livro da compilacao briocana (Vidas e Paixoes dos Apostolos, Bitagap texid 1044).
继《Liuro e legeda》半外交版(里斯本，Joao Pedro Bonhomini de Cremona, 1513, Bitagap texid 1032)之后，本文分析了最古老的葡萄牙语状态。和castelhanismos提款的确认,这是一个文本从西班牙语翻译成英语,语言清晰的数据使得翻译15秒。早期的日期(丹尼斯)统治期间,在同一时间被翻译的第二本书编译briocana(一般认为,生命和Paixoes Bitagap texid 1044)。
{"title":"O Livro dos Mártires de Bernardo de Brihuega: dois séculos de leitura em português","authors":"Cristina Sobral, Esperança Cardeira","doi":"10.15304/ELG.10.4613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15304/ELG.10.4613","url":null,"abstract":"Na sequencia da edicao semidiplomatica do Liuro e legeda que fala de todolos feytos e payxooes dos satos martires em lingoagem portugues (Lisboa, Joao Pedro Bonhomini de Cremona, 1513, Bitagap texid 1032), analisa-se neste artigo o estado de lingua mais antigo que o testemunho atesta. Confirmando, com o levantamento de castelhanismos, que se trata de um texto traduzido para portugues a partir do castelhano, apuram-se dados linguisticos que permitem datar a traducao do inicio do sec. XIV (reinado de D. Dinis), na mesma epoca em que foi traduzido o segundo livro da compilacao briocana (Vidas e Paixoes dos Apostolos, Bitagap texid 1044).","PeriodicalId":393852,"journal":{"name":"Estudos de Lingüística Galega","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114082215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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