Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-112
Kenneth Moorman, A. Ram
Reading has been studied for decades by a variety of cognitive disciplines, yet no theories exist which sufficiently describe and explain how people accomplish the complete task of reading real-world texts. In particular, a type of knowledge intensive reading known as creative reading has been largely ignored by the past research. We argue that creative reading is an aspect of practically all reading experiences; as a result, any theory which overlooks this will be insufficient. We have built on results from psychology, artificial intelligence, and education in order to produce a functional theory of the complete reading process. The overall framework describes the set of tasks necessary for reading to be performed. Within this framework, we have developed a theory of creative reading. The theory is implemented in the ISAAC (Integrated Story Analysis And Creativity) system, a reading system which reads science fiction stories.
几十年来，各种认知学科对阅读进行了研究，但没有理论能够充分描述和解释人们如何完成阅读现实世界文本的完整任务。特别是一种被称为创造性阅读的知识精读，在很大程度上被过去的研究所忽视。我们认为创造性阅读是几乎所有阅读体验的一个方面;因此，任何忽视这一点的理论都是不够的。我们以心理学、人工智能和教育的结果为基础，提出了完整阅读过程的功能理论。整个框架描述了执行读取所需的一组任务。在这个框架内，我们发展了创造性阅读理论。该理论在ISAAC (Integrated Story Analysis And Creativity)系统中得以实现，ISAAC是一个阅读科幻小说的阅读系统。
{"title":"Integrating Creativity and Reading: A Functional Approach","authors":"Kenneth Moorman, A. Ram","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-112","url":null,"abstract":"Reading has been studied for decades by a variety of cognitive disciplines, yet no theories exist which sufficiently describe and explain how people accomplish the complete task of reading real-world texts. In particular, a type of knowledge intensive reading known as creative reading has been largely ignored by the past research. We argue that creative reading is an aspect of practically all reading experiences; as a result, any theory which overlooks this will be insufficient. We have built on results from psychology, artificial intelligence, and education in order to produce a functional theory of the complete reading process. The overall framework describes the set of tasks necessary for reading to be performed. Within this framework, we have developed a theory of creative reading. The theory is implemented in the ISAAC (Integrated Story Analysis And Creativity) system, a reading system which reads science fiction stories.","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115348734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-168
M. Pazzani
{"title":"The Role of Existing Knowledge in Generalization","authors":"M. Pazzani","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-168","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123228650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-174
N. Narayanan, N. Nersessian, R. Hall, M. Hegarty
{"title":"Visual Reasoning in Discovery, Instruction and Problem Solving","authors":"N. Narayanan, N. Nersessian, R. Hall, M. Hegarty","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115322351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-35
J. Clement
{"title":"Imagistic Simulation and Physical Intuition in Expert Problem Solving","authors":"J. Clement","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126764970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-36
Alain Content, Pascal Sternon
We present a new variant of a simple recurrent network to model auditory word recognition in continuous speech and address the issue of lexical segmentation. Simulations based on small word sets show that the system provides a nearoptimal solution to the opposite constraints of speed, which requires that lexical processing be immediate, and reliability, which imposes that identification decisions be postponed until unambiguous information is available. Contrary to an oftenheard statement, the simulations show that the existence of embedded words is not incompatible with the notion of continuous on-line lexical processing.
{"title":"Modelling Retroactive Context Effects in Spoken Word Recognition with a Simple Recurrent Network","authors":"Alain Content, Pascal Sternon","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-36","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new variant of a simple recurrent network to model auditory word recognition in continuous speech and address the issue of lexical segmentation. Simulations based on small word sets show that the system provides a nearoptimal solution to the opposite constraints of speed, which requires that lexical processing be immediate, and reliability, which imposes that identification decisions be postponed until unambiguous information is available. Contrary to an oftenheard statement, the simulations show that the existence of embedded words is not incompatible with the notion of continuous on-line lexical processing.","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129208249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-107
P. J. Meijer
{"title":"Towards a New Model of Phonological Encoding","authors":"P. J. Meijer","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123801251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-147
R. Taraban, Carolyn Beth Taraban
{"title":"A Lexical Model of Learning to Read Single Words Aloud","authors":"R. Taraban, Carolyn Beth Taraban","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123857549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-59
Gareth Gaskell, W. Marslen-Wilson
{"title":"Inference Processes in Speech Perception","authors":"Gareth Gaskell, W. Marslen-Wilson","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-59","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124525899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-50
E. Ferstl
{"title":"The Construction-Integration Model: A Framework for Studying Context Effects in Sentence Processing","authors":"E. Ferstl","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127695109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-175
N. Nersessian, K. Dunbar, R. Tweney, M. F. Ippolito, J. Clement, Randolph M. Jones
{"title":"Scientific Creativity: Multidisciplinary Perspectives","authors":"N. Nersessian, K. Dunbar, R. Tweney, M. F. Ippolito, J. Clement, Randolph M. Jones","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125957426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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