Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-119
Hitoshi Ohnishi, Hiroaki Suzuki, K. Shigemasu
We developed a computational model of similarity judgment in problem-solving contexts. The model first attempts to transform an object to another using the knowledge of the domain, the strategy, and the goal. If the transformation succeeds, new feature about transformability is created. A similarity of an object to another is computed, based on the created features. If the model fails to create a new feature, it computes a similarity by feature comparison in the same way as the contrast model. An important prediction of the model is that the asymmetry of similarity judgments is caused by the directionality of the problem-solving skills. We examined the model’s prediction. The material was the Tower of Hanoi puzzle. Subjects were required to rate the similarities of one state to the goal as well as those of the goal to a state. In experiment 1, we taught one group of subjects the ‘move-pattern strategy’ that induced learners to acquire highly directional skills, and compared their judgments with those by naive subjects. The asymmetry was observed only in the judgments by the trained subjects. The second experiment showed that the results of the experiment 1 could not be reduced to the ‘prototypicality’ of the goal.
{"title":"Similarity by feature creation: Reexamination of the asymmetry of similarity","authors":"Hitoshi Ohnishi, Hiroaki Suzuki, K. Shigemasu","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-119","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a computational model of similarity judgment in problem-solving contexts. The model first attempts to transform an object to another using the knowledge of the domain, the strategy, and the goal. If the transformation succeeds, new feature about transformability is created. A similarity of an object to another is computed, based on the created features. If the model fails to create a new feature, it computes a similarity by feature comparison in the same way as the contrast model. An important prediction of the model is that the asymmetry of similarity judgments is caused by the directionality of the problem-solving skills. We examined the model’s prediction. The material was the Tower of Hanoi puzzle. Subjects were required to rate the similarities of one state to the goal as well as those of the goal to a state. In experiment 1, we taught one group of subjects the ‘move-pattern strategy’ that induced learners to acquire highly directional skills, and compared their judgments with those by naive subjects. The asymmetry was observed only in the judgments by the trained subjects. The second experiment showed that the results of the experiment 1 could not be reduced to the ‘prototypicality’ of the goal.","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126761416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-22
R. Byrne, Alessandra Tasso
{"title":"Counterfactual Reasoning: Inferences from Hypothetical Conditionals","authors":"R. Byrne, Alessandra Tasso","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128743575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-116
R. Núñez
{"title":"Cognitive Development and Infinity in the Small: Paradoxes and Consensus","authors":"R. Núñez","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130638830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-88
J. Kolen
{"title":"The Origin of Clusters in Recurrent Neural Network State Space","authors":"J. Kolen","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-88","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134177768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-166
D. Woods
{"title":"Observations from Studying Cognitive Systems in Context","authors":"D. Woods","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133012193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-65
J. Glasgow
{"title":"Array Representations for Model-Based Spatial Reasoning","authors":"J. Glasgow","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-65","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131687209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-83
M. Kalish
{"title":"Adaptive learning of Gaussian categories leads to decision bounds and response surfaces incompatible with optimal decision making","authors":"M. Kalish","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-83","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123072356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-95
David B. Leake
Much recent research on modeling memory processes has focused on identifying useful indices and retrieval strategies to support particular memory tasks. Another important question concerning memory processes, however, is how retrieval criteria are learned. This paper examines the issues involved in modeling the learning of memory search strategies. It discusses the general requirements for appropriate strategy learning and presents a model of memory search strategy learning applied to the problem of retrieving relevant information for adapting cases in case-based reasoning. It discusses an implementation of that model, and, based on the lessons learned from that implementation, points towards issues and directions in refining
{"title":"Towards A Computer Model of Memory Search Strategy Learning","authors":"David B. Leake","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-95","url":null,"abstract":"Much recent research on modeling memory processes has focused on identifying useful indices and retrieval strategies to support particular memory tasks. Another important question concerning memory processes, however, is how retrieval criteria are learned. This paper examines the issues involved in modeling the learning of memory search strategies. It discusses the general requirements for appropriate strategy learning and presents a model of memory search strategy learning applied to the problem of retrieving relevant information for adapting cases in case-based reasoning. It discusses an implementation of that model, and, based on the lessons learned from that implementation, points towards issues and directions in refining","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124496259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-103
K. Markey
{"title":"Acoustic-based syllabic representation and articulatory gesture detection: Prerequisites for early childhood phonetic and articulatory development","authors":"K. Markey","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129286262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-23DOI: 10.4324/9781315789354-138
Carol A. Seger
{"title":"Multiple learning mechanisms within implicit learning","authors":"Carol A. Seger","doi":"10.4324/9781315789354-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315789354-138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":393936,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114263713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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