Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.2174/1875318301909010040
A. Gautam, G. K. Prasad, Deeksha Singh, R. Vijayaraghavan
This study addresses the efficacy of nanomaterials based formulation developed for personal decontamination application against chemical warfare agents and used in Personal Decontamination Kit (PDK). It has the potential to decontaminate the skin of an individual, protective equipment, and small arms contaminated with chemical warfare agents. As this formulation has been developed for personal decontamination, risk of nanomaterial toxicity would always be there while sprinkling or applying to the affected area. It may get into the body through various routes specifically through the inhalation route. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo decontamination efficiency of the formulation and acute inhalation, intratracheal, intranasal, oral, dermal, and intraperitoneal toxicity of the formulation. 14 days survival was recorded for the evaluation of decontamination efficiency of this formulation. Various endpoints were considered while assessing the toxicity of Nanomaterial Decontamination Formulation which include Organ Body Weight Index (OBWI), serum biochemical parameters, and respiratory variables like tidal volume, respiratory rate, time of inspiration, time of expiration, etc. LD50 of the formulation were also determined for various routes. As skin is the primary organ to come in contact with the decontaminant, its primary skin irritation response has also been determined in this study. It was found that there is no gross acute toxicity observed at different doses. Though there were some changes in the initial respiratory pattern, they were all later recovered. The preliminary histological evaluation did not show any adverse effect on various organs after exposure with NDF.
{"title":"Acute Toxicity and Efficacy of Nanomaterial based Decontamination Formulation Developed for Personal Decontamination against Chemical Warfare Agents","authors":"A. Gautam, G. K. Prasad, Deeksha Singh, R. Vijayaraghavan","doi":"10.2174/1875318301909010040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875318301909010040","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study addresses the efficacy of nanomaterials based formulation developed for personal decontamination application against chemical warfare agents and used in Personal Decontamination Kit (PDK). It has the potential to decontaminate the skin of an individual, protective equipment, and small arms contaminated with chemical warfare agents. As this formulation has been developed for personal decontamination, risk of nanomaterial toxicity would always be there while sprinkling or applying to the affected area. It may get into the body through various routes specifically through the inhalation route.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo decontamination efficiency of the formulation and acute inhalation, intratracheal, intranasal, oral, dermal, and intraperitoneal toxicity of the formulation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 14 days survival was recorded for the evaluation of decontamination efficiency of this formulation. Various endpoints were considered while assessing the toxicity of Nanomaterial Decontamination Formulation which include Organ Body Weight Index (OBWI), serum biochemical parameters, and respiratory variables like tidal volume, respiratory rate, time of inspiration, time of expiration, etc. LD50 of the formulation were also determined for various routes. As skin is the primary organ to come in contact with the decontaminant, its primary skin irritation response has also been determined in this study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It was found that there is no gross acute toxicity observed at different doses. Though there were some changes in the initial respiratory pattern, they were all later recovered. The preliminary histological evaluation did not show any adverse effect on various organs after exposure with NDF.\u0000","PeriodicalId":39398,"journal":{"name":"Open Biomarkers Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43936296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.2174/1875318301909010062
S. Shrivastava, S. Nirala, Mohd Salim Reshi, S. Shukla, Anjali Sharma, C. Uthra
Vitamin F is also known as Linoleic Acid (LA), is an Essential Fatty Acid (EFA) which is not produced in humans. It can be modified to form essential precursors such as arachidonic acid which is used to make prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. It is found in abundance in several vegetable oils such as sunflower, poppy seed, safflower and corn oils. LA has shown diverse beneficial effects against diseases such as cancer, skin permeability, insulin resistance, depression and cardiovascular diseases. Acrylamide (AA) is a well known neurotoxic, carcinogenic and genotoxic compound. It is used universally in the industrial process and recently found in various food products which are cooked at a temperature above 120˚C such as potato crisps, bread, cookies and french fries. Over exposure of humans and laboratory animals to monomer AA causes damages to the central and peripheral nervous system.To investigate the therapeutic effect of linoleic acid against acrylamide toxicity.AA was given at 38.27 mg/kg dose for 10 days and therapy with different doses of linoleic acid for three days (11-13 days) to female albino rats.Signs and symptoms of acrylamide toxicity occur, they include significant body weight reduction, hair loss, splaying of hindlimbs, dragging of back legs and skin irritation. A significant decline was observed in hemoglobin level and GSH, whereas significant enhancement in LPO was noted, as compared to the control group after AA exposure. The activity of acetylcholinesterase was decreased in the brain after AA administration. AA significantly reduced the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in liver, kidney and brain but activities of serum transaminases, bilirubin, creatinine, urea and lipid profile increased in serum. Biochemical studies were also strengthened by histopathological observations.Study has shown that linoleic acid promotes defense against AA toxicity.
维生素F也被称为亚油酸(LA)，是一种人体不能产生的必需脂肪酸(EFA)。它可以被修饰成必需的前体，如花生四烯酸，它被用来制造前列腺素、血栓烷和白三烯。它大量存在于几种植物油中，如葵花籽油、罂粟籽油、红花油和玉米油。LA对癌症、皮肤渗透性、胰岛素抵抗、抑郁症和心血管疾病等疾病显示出多种有益作用。丙烯酰胺(AA)是一种众所周知的神经毒性、致癌性和遗传毒性化合物。它广泛应用于工业生产过程中，最近在薯片、面包、饼干和炸薯条等温度超过120˚C的食品中也发现了它的存在。人类和实验动物过度暴露于单体AA会对中枢和周围神经系统造成损害。探讨亚油酸对丙烯酰胺毒性的治疗作用。雌性白化大鼠按38.27 mg/kg剂量给予AA，连续10 d，并用不同剂量亚油酸治疗3 d (11 ~ 13 d)。丙烯酰胺中毒的体征和症状包括体重明显减轻、脱发、后肢张开、后腿拖拽和皮肤刺激。与对照组相比，AA暴露后血红蛋白水平和GSH显著下降，而LPO显著增强。AA给药后大鼠脑内乙酰胆碱酯酶活性降低。AA显著降低了肝、肾和脑超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性，升高了血清转氨酶、胆红素、肌酐、尿素和血脂活性。组织病理学观察也加强了生化研究。研究表明，亚油酸促进防御AA毒性。
{"title":"Protective Efficacy of Vitamin F against Acrylamide Induced Toxicity: Studies on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers","authors":"S. Shrivastava, S. Nirala, Mohd Salim Reshi, S. Shukla, Anjali Sharma, C. Uthra","doi":"10.2174/1875318301909010062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875318301909010062","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin F is also known as Linoleic Acid (LA), is an Essential Fatty Acid (EFA) which is not produced in humans. It can be modified to form essential precursors such as arachidonic acid which is used to make prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. It is found in abundance in several vegetable oils such as sunflower, poppy seed, safflower and corn oils. LA has shown diverse beneficial effects against diseases such as cancer, skin permeability, insulin resistance, depression and cardiovascular diseases. Acrylamide (AA) is a well known neurotoxic, carcinogenic and genotoxic compound. It is used universally in the industrial process and recently found in various food products which are cooked at a temperature above 120˚C such as potato crisps, bread, cookies and french fries. Over exposure of humans and laboratory animals to monomer AA causes damages to the central and peripheral nervous system.To investigate the therapeutic effect of linoleic acid against acrylamide toxicity.AA was given at 38.27 mg/kg dose for 10 days and therapy with different doses of linoleic acid for three days (11-13 days) to female albino rats.Signs and symptoms of acrylamide toxicity occur, they include significant body weight reduction, hair loss, splaying of hindlimbs, dragging of back legs and skin irritation. A significant decline was observed in hemoglobin level and GSH, whereas significant enhancement in LPO was noted, as compared to the control group after AA exposure. The activity of acetylcholinesterase was decreased in the brain after AA administration. AA significantly reduced the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in liver, kidney and brain but activities of serum transaminases, bilirubin, creatinine, urea and lipid profile increased in serum. Biochemical studies were also strengthened by histopathological observations.Study has shown that linoleic acid promotes defense against AA toxicity.","PeriodicalId":39398,"journal":{"name":"Open Biomarkers Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46286676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.2174/1875318301909010038
C. Sharma, Monika Sharma
The advancements in medicine and public health measures have made possible, the worldwide decline in the incidence and prevalence of infectious liver diseases (i.e., viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic etc.) However, with the changing pattern of lifestyle, most of the diseases are now associated with the lifestyle and the chemical-induced diseases are increasing paradoxically in recent years to become a major health problem in the near future. So this thematic issue was conceptualized in view to give comprehensive latest information related to the biomarkers used in the medical sciences.
{"title":"Biomarkers are the Need of the Present Era","authors":"C. Sharma, Monika Sharma","doi":"10.2174/1875318301909010038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875318301909010038","url":null,"abstract":"The advancements in medicine and public health measures have made possible, the worldwide decline in the incidence and prevalence of infectious liver diseases (i.e., viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic etc.) However, with the changing pattern of lifestyle, most of the diseases are now associated with the lifestyle and the chemical-induced diseases are increasing paradoxically in recent years to become a major health problem in the near future. So this thematic issue was conceptualized in view to give comprehensive latest information related to the biomarkers used in the medical sciences.","PeriodicalId":39398,"journal":{"name":"Open Biomarkers Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46251016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.2174/1875318301909010031
Nahla M. Shalably, R. Badawi, N. Hawash, S. Abd-Elsalam, W. ElKhalawany, Amal Hameed, Galal El-Din Alkassas.
Most Hepatocellular Carcinomas (HCCs) are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therefore, there is citation-type an urgent need for better methods of detection and surveillance of patients at risk of HCC. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has a suboptimal diagnostic performance for HCC surveillance, so novel and reliable diagnostic biomarkers are required. The aim of this work is to evaluate fucosylated haptoglobin as a diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. This case-control study was carried out on 60 patients classified into 3 groups (20 patients on each); group I (HCC group), group II (Cirrhotic group) and group III (Control group). Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was done by clinical, biochemical and ultrasound (US), whereas the diagnosis of HCC was done by percutaneous biopsy or radiological (by US and triphasic Computerized Tomography (CT) based on the guidelines of the American-Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. HCC stage was clinically defined according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system. AFP & fucosylated haptoglobin levels were estimated in all groups. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum fucosylated haptoglobin and tumor size in the HCC group. Serum fucosylated haptoglobin (at 116 U/ ml) showed sensitivity 80%, specificity 65%, positive predictive value 53% and negative predictive value 87% with AUC 0.786. Combination of serum fucosylated haptoglobin and serum AFP at (200 ng/ ml) increased sensitivity that reached 95%. Serum fucosylated haptoglobin may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for the detection of HCC with higher sensitivity than AFP.
{"title":"Evaluation of Fucosylated Haptoglobin as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egypt","authors":"Nahla M. Shalably, R. Badawi, N. Hawash, S. Abd-Elsalam, W. ElKhalawany, Amal Hameed, Galal El-Din Alkassas.","doi":"10.2174/1875318301909010031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875318301909010031","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Most Hepatocellular Carcinomas (HCCs) are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therefore, there is citation-type an urgent need for better methods of detection and surveillance of patients at risk of HCC. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has a suboptimal diagnostic performance for HCC surveillance, so novel and reliable diagnostic biomarkers are required.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this work is to evaluate fucosylated haptoglobin as a diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This case-control study was carried out on 60 patients classified into 3 groups (20 patients on each); group I (HCC group), group II (Cirrhotic group) and group III (Control group). Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was done by clinical, biochemical and ultrasound (US), whereas the diagnosis of HCC was done by percutaneous biopsy or radiological (by US and triphasic Computerized Tomography (CT) based on the guidelines of the American-Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. HCC stage was clinically defined according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system. AFP & fucosylated haptoglobin levels were estimated in all groups.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum fucosylated haptoglobin and tumor size in the HCC group. Serum fucosylated haptoglobin (at 116 U/ ml) showed sensitivity 80%, specificity 65%, positive predictive value 53% and negative predictive value 87% with AUC 0.786. Combination of serum fucosylated haptoglobin and serum AFP at (200 ng/ ml) increased sensitivity that reached 95%.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Serum fucosylated haptoglobin may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for the detection of HCC with higher sensitivity than AFP.\u0000","PeriodicalId":39398,"journal":{"name":"Open Biomarkers Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45561662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.2174/1875318301909010022
Álvaro Luís Müller da Fonseca, Rogério Jorge B. de Oliveira, Júlio Cezar de Abreu Santos, L. Cardoso, F. D. Couto, Fernanda Washington de Mendonça Lima, M. Castilho, Y. Maor, Raul D. Santos, R. Couto
Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery Disease (CAD) is a frequent cause of mortality worldwide. The discovery of biomarkers that evidenced CAD progression would help with cardiovascular risk reduction. Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been associated with plaque progression, lesion aggravation, and rupture. This study evaluated that MMPs serum optical-densities and digestive gel-activity are associated with CAD. This cross-sectional study evaluated 65 outpatients presenting CAD (n=31) or not (n=34). The Carotid disease was evidenced by Doppler echography. ELISA and SDS-PAGE zymography were performed to determine MMPs serum optical-densities and proteolytic-activity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the most relevant MMPs (MMP-1, 2, 8, 9 and 12). MMP-2 and MMP-9 showed lower serum optical-densities in CAD (MMP-2, p = 0.0246; and MMP-9, p < 0.0001), but higher digestive enzymatic activity when compared to non-CAD samples (p < 0.0001). PCA analysis strengthens the singling out of those individual MMPs as predictors of choice to differentiate CAD from non-CAD patients as opposed to others MMPs. Analysis of the loadings showed MMP-2 and MMP-9 as the most important independent variables to separate CAD from non-CAD patients. MMP-2 and MMP-9 are more relevant biomarkers for CAD than the other MMPs analyzed.
{"title":"Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 are CAD More Relevant Biomarkers Than -1, -8, and -12 to Separate CAD from Non-CAD Patients","authors":"Álvaro Luís Müller da Fonseca, Rogério Jorge B. de Oliveira, Júlio Cezar de Abreu Santos, L. Cardoso, F. D. Couto, Fernanda Washington de Mendonça Lima, M. Castilho, Y. Maor, Raul D. Santos, R. Couto","doi":"10.2174/1875318301909010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875318301909010022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery Disease (CAD) is a frequent cause of mortality worldwide. The discovery of biomarkers that evidenced CAD progression would help with cardiovascular risk reduction. Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been associated with plaque progression, lesion aggravation, and rupture.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study evaluated that MMPs serum optical-densities and digestive gel-activity are associated with CAD.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This cross-sectional study evaluated 65 outpatients presenting CAD (n=31) or not (n=34). The Carotid disease was evidenced by Doppler echography. ELISA and SDS-PAGE zymography were performed to determine MMPs serum optical-densities and proteolytic-activity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to identify the most relevant MMPs (MMP-1, 2, 8, 9 and 12).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 MMP-2 and MMP-9 showed lower serum optical-densities in CAD (MMP-2, p = 0.0246; and MMP-9, p < 0.0001), but higher digestive enzymatic activity when compared to non-CAD samples (p < 0.0001). PCA analysis strengthens the singling out of those individual MMPs as predictors of choice to differentiate CAD from non-CAD patients as opposed to others MMPs. Analysis of the loadings showed MMP-2 and MMP-9 as the most important independent variables to separate CAD from non-CAD patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 MMP-2 and MMP-9 are more relevant biomarkers for CAD than the other MMPs analyzed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":39398,"journal":{"name":"Open Biomarkers Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42413125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-22DOI: 10.2174/1875318301909010017
F. Golbabaei, A. Gholami, Gholamheidar Teimori-Boghsani, M. Kianmehr, M. Yaseri
Occupational exposure to silica dust has multiple consequences, including genetic complications. One of the genetic complications is Micronucleus (MN) changes; therefore, this study aims to evaluate the rate of MN formation in mouse lymphocyte cells due to exposure to silica dust.Totally 72 male mice BALB/c were selected and categorized into five exposure groups with 12 mice in exposure to the concentrations of 1.3, 3, 8, 12, and 17 mg/m3of 99% pure silica dust and a control group. The mice were exposed to silica dust in which they were exposed for 8 hours a day, 6 days a week, and for 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. Then, blood samples were taken from the mice and the rate of MN formation in their lymphocyte cells was evaluated. The results were analyzed via SPSS software version 21 (P<0.05).Maximum and minimum averages of dust concentration, related to boxes 1 and 5, were 17 mg/m3and 1.3 mg/m3, respectively. Maximum rate of MN formation was observed in the fourth month of exposure and in group 1 with the value of 21.6±1.15, and minimum rate of MN formation was observed in the third month of exposure and in control group with the value of 3±1. Average of MN frequencies in each of the exposure month was significant related to the control group (P=0.001). There was a direct and significant correlation between exposure concentrations of exposed group and average rate of MN formation (r=0.679).More than 3 months exposure to silica dust may lead to significant MN formation in lymphocytes of mice BALB/c in comparison with the control group.
{"title":"Investigating Micronucleus Changes in Mouse Lymphocytes Due to Exposure to Silica Dust","authors":"F. Golbabaei, A. Gholami, Gholamheidar Teimori-Boghsani, M. Kianmehr, M. Yaseri","doi":"10.2174/1875318301909010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875318301909010017","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational exposure to silica dust has multiple consequences, including genetic complications. One of the genetic complications is Micronucleus (MN) changes; therefore, this study aims to evaluate the rate of MN formation in mouse lymphocyte cells due to exposure to silica dust.Totally 72 male mice BALB/c were selected and categorized into five exposure groups with 12 mice in exposure to the concentrations of 1.3, 3, 8, 12, and 17 mg/m3of 99% pure silica dust and a control group. The mice were exposed to silica dust in which they were exposed for 8 hours a day, 6 days a week, and for 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. Then, blood samples were taken from the mice and the rate of MN formation in their lymphocyte cells was evaluated. The results were analyzed via SPSS software version 21 (P<0.05).Maximum and minimum averages of dust concentration, related to boxes 1 and 5, were 17 mg/m3and 1.3 mg/m3, respectively. Maximum rate of MN formation was observed in the fourth month of exposure and in group 1 with the value of 21.6±1.15, and minimum rate of MN formation was observed in the third month of exposure and in control group with the value of 3±1. Average of MN frequencies in each of the exposure month was significant related to the control group (P=0.001). There was a direct and significant correlation between exposure concentrations of exposed group and average rate of MN formation (r=0.679).More than 3 months exposure to silica dust may lead to significant MN formation in lymphocytes of mice BALB/c in comparison with the control group.","PeriodicalId":39398,"journal":{"name":"Open Biomarkers Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43256651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-15DOI: 10.2174/1875318301909010021
M. Weiss, N. Bliznyuk, Candace Rossignol, Livia Sura, Melissa Huene, N. Copenhaver, Olena Y. Glushakova, R. Hayes
When a neonate is born with suspected brain injury, blood samples are often obtained from the umbilical cord blood but are not always processed immediately. Test the accuracy of brain injury biomarker assays on samples that experienced delayed processing. Healthy neonates who did not have risk factors for brain injury provided cord blood samples. Group 1 blood samples were centrifuged immediately, and the serum was removed and frozen at baseline, 4, and 8 hours. Group 2 had a baseline sample processed immediately and then blood samples remained in contact with the clotted portion until 4, and 8 hours and then were centrifuged. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays determined the concentrations of Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). Group 1’s average concentrations of GFAP were 62±47 pg/ml at 0 hours (n=32) with a mean increase of 3±14% and a decrease of 0.2±9% at 4 and 8 hours, respectively. UCH-L1 average concentrations were 3306±3093 pg/ml at 0 hours (n=37) with a mean increase of 3±10% at 4 hours and a mean decrease of 0.6±11% at 8 hours. Group 2’s average GFAP concentrations were 104±111 pg/ml at 0 hours (n=9) with a mean decrease of 5±9% and 7±7% at 4 and 8 hours, respectively. UCH-L1 average concentrations were 3448±2456 pg/ml at 0 hour (n=8) with a mean increase of 9±6% and 6±18% at 4 and 8 hours, respectively. Delays in processing up to 8 hours did not significantly affect the concentration of UCH-L1 or GFAP.
{"title":"Effect of Sample Processing Delays on the Values of Serum Based Biomarkers of Brain Injury Collected from the Umbilical Cord Blood of Neonates","authors":"M. Weiss, N. Bliznyuk, Candace Rossignol, Livia Sura, Melissa Huene, N. Copenhaver, Olena Y. Glushakova, R. Hayes","doi":"10.2174/1875318301909010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875318301909010021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 When a neonate is born with suspected brain injury, blood samples are often obtained from the umbilical cord blood but are not always processed immediately.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Test the accuracy of brain injury biomarker assays on samples that experienced delayed processing.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Healthy neonates who did not have risk factors for brain injury provided cord blood samples. Group 1 blood samples were centrifuged immediately, and the serum was removed and frozen at baseline, 4, and 8 hours. Group 2 had a baseline sample processed immediately and then blood samples remained in contact with the clotted portion until 4, and 8 hours and then were centrifuged. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays determined the concentrations of Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Group 1’s average concentrations of GFAP were 62±47 pg/ml at 0 hours (n=32) with a mean increase of 3±14% and a decrease of 0.2±9% at 4 and 8 hours, respectively. UCH-L1 average concentrations were 3306±3093 pg/ml at 0 hours (n=37) with a mean increase of 3±10% at 4 hours and a mean decrease of 0.6±11% at 8 hours. Group 2’s average GFAP concentrations were 104±111 pg/ml at 0 hours (n=9) with a mean decrease of 5±9% and 7±7% at 4 and 8 hours, respectively. UCH-L1 average concentrations were 3448±2456 pg/ml at 0 hour (n=8) with a mean increase of 9±6% and 6±18% at 4 and 8 hours, respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Delays in processing up to 8 hours did not significantly affect the concentration of UCH-L1 or GFAP.\u0000","PeriodicalId":39398,"journal":{"name":"Open Biomarkers Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47106300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-31DOI: 10.2174/1875318301909010001
M. Lionetto, R. Caricato, M. Giordano
Environmental pollutants generate harmful conditions for living organisms, including humans. This accounts for the growing interest to early warning tools for detection of adverse biological responses to pollutants in both humans and wildlife. Molecular and cellular biomarkers of pollution meet this requirement. A pollution biomarker is defined as an alteration in a biological response occurring at molecular, cellular or physiological levels which can be related to exposure to or toxic effects of environmental chemicals.Pollution biomarkers have known a growing development in human and environmental biomonitoring representing a valuable tool for early pollutant exposure detection or early effect assessment (exposure/effect biomarkers).The review discusses the recent developments in the use of pollution biomarker in human and environmental biomonitoring and analyzes future perspectives in the application of this tool such as their potentiality for bridging human and environmental issued studies.
{"title":"Pollution Biomarkers in Environmental and Human Biomonitoring","authors":"M. Lionetto, R. Caricato, M. Giordano","doi":"10.2174/1875318301909010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1875318301909010001","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental pollutants generate harmful conditions for living organisms, including humans. This accounts for the growing interest to early warning tools for detection of adverse biological responses to pollutants in both humans and wildlife. Molecular and cellular biomarkers of pollution meet this requirement. A pollution biomarker is defined as an alteration in a biological response occurring at molecular, cellular or physiological levels which can be related to exposure to or toxic effects of environmental chemicals.Pollution biomarkers have known a growing development in human and environmental biomonitoring representing a valuable tool for early pollutant exposure detection or early effect assessment (exposure/effect biomarkers).The review discusses the recent developments in the use of pollution biomarker in human and environmental biomonitoring and analyzes future perspectives in the application of this tool such as their potentiality for bridging human and environmental issued studies.","PeriodicalId":39398,"journal":{"name":"Open Biomarkers Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44154787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2472-1646.5.2.61
K. Dufraing, C. Keppens, A. Siebers, KafatosG, K. Lowe, Gaston Demonty, Dequeker Emc, J. V. Krieken
Laboratories require customized feedback on improving biomarker testing practices. A workshop was organized for laboratories that participated in a European external quality assessment scheme to resolve issues related to the estimation of neoplastic cell percentage and tissue quality for RAS testing for colorectal cancer. An interactive course about tissue quality took place to stress the importance of the pre-analytical phase. During a microscopic session, five H&E stained tumor tissue slides were discussed and neoplastic cell percentages estimated. Participants included 4 pathologists, 3 molecular biologists, a technologist and a clinical geneticist from 7 laboratories. In six laboratories, tumor contents are checked routinely by visual estimation by the pathologist. The average difference between the lowest and highest estimation was 22%. During the workshop the importance of the pre-analytical phase was stressed and feedback was provided. Such initiatives can contribute in improving biomarker testing standards in Europe
{"title":"Pre-Analytical Challenges during RAS Testing: Tissue Quality and the Estimation of Neoplastic Cell Percentage","authors":"K. Dufraing, C. Keppens, A. Siebers, KafatosG, K. Lowe, Gaston Demonty, Dequeker Emc, J. V. Krieken","doi":"10.36648/2472-1646.5.2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2472-1646.5.2.61","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratories require customized feedback on improving biomarker testing practices. A workshop was organized for laboratories that participated in a European external quality assessment scheme to resolve issues related to the estimation of neoplastic cell percentage and tissue quality for RAS testing for colorectal cancer. An interactive course about tissue quality took place to stress the importance of the pre-analytical phase. During a microscopic session, five H&E stained tumor tissue slides were discussed and neoplastic cell percentages estimated. Participants included 4 pathologists, 3 molecular biologists, a technologist and a clinical geneticist from 7 laboratories. In six laboratories, tumor contents are checked routinely by visual estimation by the pathologist. The average difference between the lowest and highest estimation was 22%. During the workshop the importance of the pre-analytical phase was stressed and feedback was provided. Such initiatives can contribute in improving biomarker testing standards in Europe","PeriodicalId":39398,"journal":{"name":"Open Biomarkers Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73539060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.36648/2472-1646.5.2.62
C. Nencetti, M. Sessa, P. Vitti, M. C. Anelli, M. Tonacchera, P. Agretti
Background: Measure of serum 17β-Estradiol is essential to understand physiology, development and health of reproductive processes in both sexes. Commercially immunoassays are not enough sensitive and accurate to assess low concentrations of E2. Purpose of this study was to compare a new sensitive immunoassay for estradiol measurement with respect to method current in our laboratory and to evaluate the performance of the new method. Methods: Four pools of patient sera with E2 concentrations close to clinical decision values were prepared. To test the repeatability of new method the 5x5 protocol was used and CVs were calculated. To evaluate the performance of new method, 50 samples with E2 concentrations covering the whole measurable interval were selected and assayed. Linearity dilution, LoB (Limit of Blank) and LoD (Limit of Detection) were determined. Results: The new assay showed good total repeatability demonstrated by low CV values, and good linear relationship with respect to current method (R=0.9926) as demonstrated by linear regression. Non-parametric regression showed for the new method a slight constant and proportional systematic error that, however, resulted not significant from difference plot analysis, with a general tendency to overestimate results for the current method. Performances of the new method resulted acceptable within the maximum admissible error derived from the literature, and a good linearity over a wide range of dilutions was showed. LoD value confirmed an amelioration in measurement of low estradiol. Conclusion: In conclusion, sensitive assay is suitable to replace the method used in our laboratory with significant improvement in the measurement of low serum estradiol levels.
{"title":"Estradiol Serum Levels are Crucial to Understand Physiological/Clinical Setting in Both Sexes: Limits of Measurement of Low Estradiol and Evaluation of a Sensitive Immunoassay","authors":"C. Nencetti, M. Sessa, P. Vitti, M. C. Anelli, M. Tonacchera, P. Agretti","doi":"10.36648/2472-1646.5.2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/2472-1646.5.2.62","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Measure of serum 17β-Estradiol is essential to understand physiology, development and health of reproductive processes in both sexes. Commercially immunoassays are not enough sensitive and accurate to assess low concentrations of E2. Purpose of this study was to compare a new sensitive immunoassay for estradiol measurement with respect to method current in our laboratory and to evaluate the performance of the new method. Methods: Four pools of patient sera with E2 concentrations close to clinical decision values were prepared. To test the repeatability of new method the 5x5 protocol was used and CVs were calculated. To evaluate the performance of new method, 50 samples with E2 concentrations covering the whole measurable interval were selected and assayed. Linearity dilution, LoB (Limit of Blank) and LoD (Limit of Detection) were determined. Results: The new assay showed good total repeatability demonstrated by low CV values, and good linear relationship with respect to current method (R=0.9926) as demonstrated by linear regression. Non-parametric regression showed for the new method a slight constant and proportional systematic error that, however, resulted not significant from difference plot analysis, with a general tendency to overestimate results for the current method. Performances of the new method resulted acceptable within the maximum admissible error derived from the literature, and a good linearity over a wide range of dilutions was showed. LoD value confirmed an amelioration in measurement of low estradiol. Conclusion: In conclusion, sensitive assay is suitable to replace the method used in our laboratory with significant improvement in the measurement of low serum estradiol levels.","PeriodicalId":39398,"journal":{"name":"Open Biomarkers Journal","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80928201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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