Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2194865
Binega Derebe, Mezgebu Ashagrie
ABSTRACT This baseline study was conducted in and around Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP), Ethiopia, with the objective of investigating the population status of the Hamadryas baboon. While Hamadryas baboon populations have been extensively studied in Africa, no such study has been carried out in this extreme southwest area of their range. Within the SMNP, the Hamadryas baboon is primarily found in the southwestern, northern and eastern parts of the park. The total population was estimated using the total count method at three counting sites. Within those three sites ~495 individual Hamadryas baboons were found. The population comprised ~190 adults, 150 sub-adults, 133 juveniles, and 22 infants of indeterminate age. The study was completed in both the dry and the wet season and showed no significant change in the population or population dynamics seasonally, suggesting that the members of this resident population are the primary occupants of these locations. The age and gender diversity results indicated that there were approximately 72 adult males and 117 adult females, together with 63 sub-adult males and 87 sub-adult females, 54 male and 80 female juveniles, and 22 infants during the wet season. The Hamadryas baboon’s overall sex ratio was 1:1.65 males to females for adults, 1:1.36 for sub-adults and 1:1.46 for juveniles. This study can serve as a benchmark for tracking the population status over time and rank their conservation status in this extreme southwestern range for this species.
{"title":"Population status of the Hamadryas baboon in and around Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP), Ethiopia","authors":"Binega Derebe, Mezgebu Ashagrie","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2194865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2194865","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This baseline study was conducted in and around Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP), Ethiopia, with the objective of investigating the population status of the Hamadryas baboon. While Hamadryas baboon populations have been extensively studied in Africa, no such study has been carried out in this extreme southwest area of their range. Within the SMNP, the Hamadryas baboon is primarily found in the southwestern, northern and eastern parts of the park. The total population was estimated using the total count method at three counting sites. Within those three sites ~495 individual Hamadryas baboons were found. The population comprised ~190 adults, 150 sub-adults, 133 juveniles, and 22 infants of indeterminate age. The study was completed in both the dry and the wet season and showed no significant change in the population or population dynamics seasonally, suggesting that the members of this resident population are the primary occupants of these locations. The age and gender diversity results indicated that there were approximately 72 adult males and 117 adult females, together with 63 sub-adult males and 87 sub-adult females, 54 male and 80 female juveniles, and 22 infants during the wet season. The Hamadryas baboon’s overall sex ratio was 1:1.65 males to females for adults, 1:1.36 for sub-adults and 1:1.46 for juveniles. This study can serve as a benchmark for tracking the population status over time and rank their conservation status in this extreme southwestern range for this species.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"14 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46377180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2195373
H. Balasubramanian
The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently released its latest climate report. While momentum is building to tackle the twin challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss, the pressure to act across systems is at an all-time high to cut global greenhouse gas emissions by nearly half, protect 30% of the planet by 2030, and scale up existing sustainable solutions. To enable effective action, the world came together at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) and agreed on a Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). This is a great indication of negotiated success at the most difficult level: a unanimous global agreement that frames goals, targets, process, resources, equity and accountability to develop an action plan for nature over the next decade, and, ultimately, to support the future of humanity. It’s time to harness the GBF to drive progress. We don’t have to wait. While biodiversity and nature are complex, they don’t have to be complicated. There is a simple path and solutions exist that can help us:
{"title":"Building momentum for biodiversity","authors":"H. Balasubramanian","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2195373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2195373","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently released its latest climate report. While momentum is building to tackle the twin challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss, the pressure to act across systems is at an all-time high to cut global greenhouse gas emissions by nearly half, protect 30% of the planet by 2030, and scale up existing sustainable solutions. To enable effective action, the world came together at the 15th Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) and agreed on a Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). This is a great indication of negotiated success at the most difficult level: a unanimous global agreement that frames goals, targets, process, resources, equity and accountability to develop an action plan for nature over the next decade, and, ultimately, to support the future of humanity. It’s time to harness the GBF to drive progress. We don’t have to wait. While biodiversity and nature are complex, they don’t have to be complicated. There is a simple path and solutions exist that can help us:","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"102 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49068950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2195391
Abigail R. Lorz
{"title":"The Kunming-Montréal Global Biodiversity Framework (COP-15) and The High Seas Treaty: historic global agreements to protect biodiversity","authors":"Abigail R. Lorz","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2195391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2195391","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"103 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43035858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2195387
R. Trueman
{"title":"Progress for biodiversity: major advances in global policy to address planetary predicaments","authors":"R. Trueman","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2195387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2195387","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49451339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2187458
Samuel Joseph Ado, Bernadette Nwandu Ejidike, B. Adetola
Biodiversity is critical to human health, economies and livelihoods and is an important part of global sustainability. Biodiversity management is critical to protect against hazards and to increase the socioeconomic resilience of people and communities while reducing the decline or disappearance of biological diversity. Generally, biodiversity loss is induced by anthropogenic activities like human population growth, increased consumption and exploitation of natural resources. The exploitation of resources can lead to resource depletion, habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, and land-use change and can make an area more vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Biodiversity loss has been one of the root causes of conflicts in several parts of Nigeria and West Africa (Moritz 2010). Nigeria is richly endowed with biodiversity. Lying between longitudes 3°E and 15°E and between latitudes 4°N and 14°N, Nigeria has diverse ecological zones from mangroves to rainforest, mountains and savanna. The savanna regions can be further sub-divided into Guinea, Sudan and Sahel (Figure 1). According to Nigeria’s First National Biodiversity Report (Federal Republic of Nigeria 2001), the country’s biodiversity endowment includes >7895 identified plant species in 2215 genera and 338 families. The country is also home to at least 22,000 insect species, over 1000 bird species, 1000 fish species, 247 mammal species and 123 reptile species. After a decade of monitoring her biodiversity, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red-listed Nigeria for having over 300 threatened species in the following taxonomical categories – mammals (26), birds (19), reptiles (8), amphibians (13), fish (60), mollusks (10), other invertebrates (14) and plants (168) (Borokini 2014; Imarhiagbe and Egboduku 2019). During the intervening years, several factors have colluded to further deplete biodiversity stocks. Anthropogenic land-use change (changes to the biophysical attributes of the earth’s surface and immediate subsurface) and land-cover change (changes in vegetation types and soil properties) are major threats to biodiversity in the Zamfara Sahel, Nigeria. Nigeria’s biodiversity conservation action plan has been a subject of research for several decades. As in several developing countries, Nigeria’s conservation status and sustainability efforts have been challenged by low political will and a lack of consistent taxonomical statistics. There are no consistent or comprehensive statistics on the current number of species, while the estimated data on the country’s biodiversity richness has not proved convincing in the face of the current reality of climate change and ecological disturbances. Attention has been focussed on the sustainability and conservation of the biodiversity of the savanna zone in recent years. However, a comprehensive database of the zone’s biodiversity richness is lacking, partly due to socio-political and security challenges and partly due
{"title":"Sustainable biodiversity management in the Zamfara Sahel, Nigeria","authors":"Samuel Joseph Ado, Bernadette Nwandu Ejidike, B. Adetola","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2187458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2187458","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity is critical to human health, economies and livelihoods and is an important part of global sustainability. Biodiversity management is critical to protect against hazards and to increase the socioeconomic resilience of people and communities while reducing the decline or disappearance of biological diversity. Generally, biodiversity loss is induced by anthropogenic activities like human population growth, increased consumption and exploitation of natural resources. The exploitation of resources can lead to resource depletion, habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, and land-use change and can make an area more vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Biodiversity loss has been one of the root causes of conflicts in several parts of Nigeria and West Africa (Moritz 2010). Nigeria is richly endowed with biodiversity. Lying between longitudes 3°E and 15°E and between latitudes 4°N and 14°N, Nigeria has diverse ecological zones from mangroves to rainforest, mountains and savanna. The savanna regions can be further sub-divided into Guinea, Sudan and Sahel (Figure 1). According to Nigeria’s First National Biodiversity Report (Federal Republic of Nigeria 2001), the country’s biodiversity endowment includes >7895 identified plant species in 2215 genera and 338 families. The country is also home to at least 22,000 insect species, over 1000 bird species, 1000 fish species, 247 mammal species and 123 reptile species. After a decade of monitoring her biodiversity, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red-listed Nigeria for having over 300 threatened species in the following taxonomical categories – mammals (26), birds (19), reptiles (8), amphibians (13), fish (60), mollusks (10), other invertebrates (14) and plants (168) (Borokini 2014; Imarhiagbe and Egboduku 2019). During the intervening years, several factors have colluded to further deplete biodiversity stocks. Anthropogenic land-use change (changes to the biophysical attributes of the earth’s surface and immediate subsurface) and land-cover change (changes in vegetation types and soil properties) are major threats to biodiversity in the Zamfara Sahel, Nigeria. Nigeria’s biodiversity conservation action plan has been a subject of research for several decades. As in several developing countries, Nigeria’s conservation status and sustainability efforts have been challenged by low political will and a lack of consistent taxonomical statistics. There are no consistent or comprehensive statistics on the current number of species, while the estimated data on the country’s biodiversity richness has not proved convincing in the face of the current reality of climate change and ecological disturbances. Attention has been focussed on the sustainability and conservation of the biodiversity of the savanna zone in recent years. However, a comprehensive database of the zone’s biodiversity richness is lacking, partly due to socio-political and security challenges and partly due","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"85 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48114157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2187459
C. Battisti, F. Fraticelli
Among avian invasive species, the Rose-Ringed Parakeet (or Ring-Necked Parakeet) Psittacula krameri is one of the most widely introduced birds in the world: this species originates from India and Africa and has established populations worldwide (Pârâu et al. 2016), colonizing mainly urban parks, where it can compete with many native species (Le Louarn et al. 2016). Nevertheless, in the last several years there has been evidence of its expansion into extra-urban areas (Pârâu et al. 2016). Although in urban environments the presence of RoseRinged Parakeet represents a still relatively limited factor of stress, on both ornamental plants and native animals, in extra-urban areas its presence is causing alarm, due to the possible ecological and economic impacts (e.g. in agriculture; Battisti and Fanelli 2022), analogously to the situation with other expanding parakeets (such as Monk Parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus; Di Santo, Battisti, and Bologna 2017; Postigo et al. 2017). Regarding ecological impacts, Rose-Ringed Parakeet may act with antagonistic competitive behaviours, which can culminate in fatal attacks, towards many animal species, mainly approaching the nests (or, secondarily, in foraging areas), since parakeets nest in a loosely colonial fashion and actively protect their eggs and chicks against predators (Peck et al. 2014). In this regard, evidence of competitive behaviours and lethal attacks have been observed between RoseRinged Parakeets and homeothermic vertebrates: bats (e.g. Nyctalus leisleri, Italy: Menchetti, Scalera, and Mori 2014; Nyctalus lasiopterus, Spain: Hernández–Brito et al. 2014a, 2018), rats (Rattus rattus, Spain: Hernández– Brito et al. 2014a), and squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris, France Clergeau, Vergnes, and Delanoue 2009; Italy: Fraticelli 2014; Sciurus anomalus, Turkey; Per 2018; see also Mori et al. 2013). Outside Europe, competitive events involving introduced parakeets are known also towards marsupials (e.g. Didelphis marsupialis, Venezuela, South America: Sainz-Borgo 2016). Among birds, there is much evidence of competition, mainly for suitable nesting sites, between parakeets and, mainly, treeand/or building-cavity nesters (Menchetti, Scalera, and Mori 2014, 2016), both in native-range and introduced-range countries (Khan 2012). In non-native areas, Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) represents the species most impacted by events of territorial or preemptive interference competition (FERA 2010; Czajka, Braun, and Wink 2011; Dodaro and Battisti 2014; Le Louarn et al. 2016; Şahin and Arslangündoğdu 2019). However, Eurasian Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto), domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica), woodpeckers (e.g. Syrian Woodpeckers Dendrocopos syriacus: Şahin and Arslangündoğdu 2019), crows (e.g. Jackdaw, Corvus monedula: Le Louarn et al. 2016; Gereschi, Galli, and Borgo 2022), Hoopoes (Upupa epops; Yosef, Zduniak, and Żmihorski 2016), and small passerines such as Great Tits (Parus major), Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus)
{"title":"When ‘bullies’ come out of cities: mobbing among introduced Rose-Ringed Parakeets Psittacula krameri and native species of conservation concern in extra-urban habitats with suggestions for a framework of PSIR indicators","authors":"C. Battisti, F. Fraticelli","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2187459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2187459","url":null,"abstract":"Among avian invasive species, the Rose-Ringed Parakeet (or Ring-Necked Parakeet) Psittacula krameri is one of the most widely introduced birds in the world: this species originates from India and Africa and has established populations worldwide (Pârâu et al. 2016), colonizing mainly urban parks, where it can compete with many native species (Le Louarn et al. 2016). Nevertheless, in the last several years there has been evidence of its expansion into extra-urban areas (Pârâu et al. 2016). Although in urban environments the presence of RoseRinged Parakeet represents a still relatively limited factor of stress, on both ornamental plants and native animals, in extra-urban areas its presence is causing alarm, due to the possible ecological and economic impacts (e.g. in agriculture; Battisti and Fanelli 2022), analogously to the situation with other expanding parakeets (such as Monk Parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus; Di Santo, Battisti, and Bologna 2017; Postigo et al. 2017). Regarding ecological impacts, Rose-Ringed Parakeet may act with antagonistic competitive behaviours, which can culminate in fatal attacks, towards many animal species, mainly approaching the nests (or, secondarily, in foraging areas), since parakeets nest in a loosely colonial fashion and actively protect their eggs and chicks against predators (Peck et al. 2014). In this regard, evidence of competitive behaviours and lethal attacks have been observed between RoseRinged Parakeets and homeothermic vertebrates: bats (e.g. Nyctalus leisleri, Italy: Menchetti, Scalera, and Mori 2014; Nyctalus lasiopterus, Spain: Hernández–Brito et al. 2014a, 2018), rats (Rattus rattus, Spain: Hernández– Brito et al. 2014a), and squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris, France Clergeau, Vergnes, and Delanoue 2009; Italy: Fraticelli 2014; Sciurus anomalus, Turkey; Per 2018; see also Mori et al. 2013). Outside Europe, competitive events involving introduced parakeets are known also towards marsupials (e.g. Didelphis marsupialis, Venezuela, South America: Sainz-Borgo 2016). Among birds, there is much evidence of competition, mainly for suitable nesting sites, between parakeets and, mainly, treeand/or building-cavity nesters (Menchetti, Scalera, and Mori 2014, 2016), both in native-range and introduced-range countries (Khan 2012). In non-native areas, Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) represents the species most impacted by events of territorial or preemptive interference competition (FERA 2010; Czajka, Braun, and Wink 2011; Dodaro and Battisti 2014; Le Louarn et al. 2016; Şahin and Arslangündoğdu 2019). However, Eurasian Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto), domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica), woodpeckers (e.g. Syrian Woodpeckers Dendrocopos syriacus: Şahin and Arslangündoğdu 2019), crows (e.g. Jackdaw, Corvus monedula: Le Louarn et al. 2016; Gereschi, Galli, and Borgo 2022), Hoopoes (Upupa epops; Yosef, Zduniak, and Żmihorski 2016), and small passerines such as Great Tits (Parus major), Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus)","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"96 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44980289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2184425
D. Irawan, A. Mukti, S. Andriyono, F. F. Muhsoni
ABSTRACT This study aimed to non-destructively measure the weight of massive (live) corals through three-dimensional (3D) modelling. The 3D models were constructed using the volumes and weight of massive (dead) corals. The study was conducted through photographs, 3D analysis, and weighing 32 massive (dead) coral samples. Volume and weight were modelled using linear and non-linear regressions, and their accuracy was tested using root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). This study showed that the weight of massive (live) corals could be measured using a 3D model of the massive (dead) coral’s volume and the weight mainly through regression, polynomial, and geometric equations. The power/geometric equation is a more suitable approach for determining the actual value of coral weight. Linear regression obtained an average weight of 6.13 kg per plot. Three-dimensional modelling can be widely applied to measure the massive corals in the deep sea.
{"title":"Three-dimensional (3D) modelling to determine the weight of massive corals in Gili Labak Island, Sumenep, Madura, East Java, Indonesia","authors":"D. Irawan, A. Mukti, S. Andriyono, F. F. Muhsoni","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2184425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2184425","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aimed to non-destructively measure the weight of massive (live) corals through three-dimensional (3D) modelling. The 3D models were constructed using the volumes and weight of massive (dead) corals. The study was conducted through photographs, 3D analysis, and weighing 32 massive (dead) coral samples. Volume and weight were modelled using linear and non-linear regressions, and their accuracy was tested using root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). This study showed that the weight of massive (live) corals could be measured using a 3D model of the massive (dead) coral’s volume and the weight mainly through regression, polynomial, and geometric equations. The power/geometric equation is a more suitable approach for determining the actual value of coral weight. Linear regression obtained an average weight of 6.13 kg per plot. Three-dimensional modelling can be widely applied to measure the massive corals in the deep sea.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"24 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45534331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2184424
N. Zarikian, K. Dilbaryan, A. Khachatryan, L. Harutyunova
ABSTRACT Spiders are an important component of terrestrial ecosystems, and researchers around the world are trying to capture metrics on spider biodiversity. In this study an exploratory survey and analysis of spider diversity was conducted in four provinces in Armenia (Tavush, Lori, Kotayk and Gegharkunik). A total of 98 species of spiders, belonging to 20 families and 67 genera, were discovered in this area. Among these, 13 species were identified as new to the Armenian fauna. Linyphiidae was the dominant family, represented by 27 species. A comparative study of species collected from northern forests revealed low degrees of endemism. This indicates that the Armenian forests are not isolated geographically from the South Caucasus in spite of their unique environmental conditions (being upland); thus, this ecosystem contributes a similar species composition in the area to that of the neighbouring fauna.
{"title":"Species composition and diversity of spider (Arachnida: Araneae) in the northern forests of Armenia","authors":"N. Zarikian, K. Dilbaryan, A. Khachatryan, L. Harutyunova","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2184424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2184424","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Spiders are an important component of terrestrial ecosystems, and researchers around the world are trying to capture metrics on spider biodiversity. In this study an exploratory survey and analysis of spider diversity was conducted in four provinces in Armenia (Tavush, Lori, Kotayk and Gegharkunik). A total of 98 species of spiders, belonging to 20 families and 67 genera, were discovered in this area. Among these, 13 species were identified as new to the Armenian fauna. Linyphiidae was the dominant family, represented by 27 species. A comparative study of species collected from northern forests revealed low degrees of endemism. This indicates that the Armenian forests are not isolated geographically from the South Caucasus in spite of their unique environmental conditions (being upland); thus, this ecosystem contributes a similar species composition in the area to that of the neighbouring fauna.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"66 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42486467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2179113
J. Mehta
ABSTRACT The Adams Bay site is a Native American monumental centre located in the Mississippi River Delta (MRD), a dynamic, geomorphic environment comprised of marshes, bayous, and rivers. The site itself was constructed approximately 600 to 800 years ago by Indigenous communities who are the ancestors of modern-day coastal communities. Earthen mounds at Adams Bay have disappeared over the past 70 years, and the last remaining mound at the site has almost completely eroded away over the past 10 years. This is an environment that is rapidly subsiding, eroding, and becoming inundated due to sea-level rise, and within this environment are hundreds of earthen and shell mounds. This study uses Sentinel-2 and National Agriculture Imagery Program data to document decadal changes to the landscape at Adams Bay and posits that mound-building had net positive impacts on biodiversity and vegetation in this marshy, deltaic environment. Sites like Adams Bay provide remarkable ecosystem services, enhancing the resilience of coastal ecosystems, and they must be studied and/or preserved before being lost to climatic and environmental forces. Finally, these sites are still incredibly significant to modern Indigenous communities who live in the coastal zone today, and additional resources need to be dedicated towards their conservation.
{"title":"Measuring biodiversity and the loss of indigenous landscapes in coastal Louisiana using airborne imagery and satellite data","authors":"J. Mehta","doi":"10.1080/14888386.2023.2179113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2023.2179113","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Adams Bay site is a Native American monumental centre located in the Mississippi River Delta (MRD), a dynamic, geomorphic environment comprised of marshes, bayous, and rivers. The site itself was constructed approximately 600 to 800 years ago by Indigenous communities who are the ancestors of modern-day coastal communities. Earthen mounds at Adams Bay have disappeared over the past 70 years, and the last remaining mound at the site has almost completely eroded away over the past 10 years. This is an environment that is rapidly subsiding, eroding, and becoming inundated due to sea-level rise, and within this environment are hundreds of earthen and shell mounds. This study uses Sentinel-2 and National Agriculture Imagery Program data to document decadal changes to the landscape at Adams Bay and posits that mound-building had net positive impacts on biodiversity and vegetation in this marshy, deltaic environment. Sites like Adams Bay provide remarkable ecosystem services, enhancing the resilience of coastal ecosystems, and they must be studied and/or preserved before being lost to climatic and environmental forces. Finally, these sites are still incredibly significant to modern Indigenous communities who live in the coastal zone today, and additional resources need to be dedicated towards their conservation.","PeriodicalId":39411,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity","volume":"24 1","pages":"34 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48728268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2023.2179112
Gabriela Rabeschini, C. E. Nunes, M. Pareja
ABSTRACT Acknowledging species interactions is essential for managing diversity in complex agricultural systems. To understand the neighbouring plant effect on flower number and size, we performed a greenhouse experiment with paired pots in three treatments: focal plant (common bean/courgette) with conspecific neighbour, heterospecific neighbour or empty pot. Common beans without neighbours produced more flowers than when accompanied. Common bean with conspecific neighbours produced more flowers than with heterospecific neighbours, with larger standard petals. Courgettes with heterospecific neighbours had flowers with deeper corollas than with conspecific neighbours. To understand effects on visitation and production, we performed a field experiment comparing courgette monoculture, common bean monoculture and three intercroppings, varying the crop ratio. Species composition of floral visitors differed significantly between monoculture and intercropping. The six plots (6/21) with highest diversity were intercropping. Intercropping courgette and common bean can change floral morphology and alter plant–pollinator interactions in the agroecosystem, enhancing pollinator diversity. Key policy insights this article provides an empirical basis for the adoption of multispecies consortia in agroecosystems as an instrument to foster local pollinator biodiversity; it provides empirical evidence that neighbouring plant species identity can have an effect on flowers’ morphological traits, which may be an important consideration when planning and managing agroecosystems; it reinforces that diversified crop systems, with known ecological advantages, can be grown without production loss; it supports that scientific development towards more sustainable food systems should include traditional knowledge systems. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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